Contents Of Elements In Plants Research Articles

Trace element accumulation behavior, ability, and propensity of Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg (Dandelion)

The study aims to achieve several objectives: determine background element concentrations in Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg-common dandelion roots, stems, and flowers; clarify T. officinale's ability to accumulate trace elements (TEs) in plant parts; calculate accumulation and translocation factors to identify hyperaccumulator potential; and contribute to practical applications in geochemical prospecting, exploration geochemistry, phytomining, and environmental remediation. To accomplish this, 34 samples of T. officinale and associated soil samples were gathered from the plant's habitat along the roadside for trace element (TE) analysis. The elemental composition of both plants and soils underwent analysis using diverse statistical approaches, including factor analysis, ANOVA tests, and descriptive parameters. Plant element accumulation patterns and tendencies across various plant parts were explored through bioconcentration (BCFs) and translocation factors (TFs). Results showed that T. officinale accumulates some TEs in its roots, stems, and flowers, with the highest concentrations found in the roots. The factor analysis of plant element contents indicated a grouping tendency among elements. Specifically, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn exhibited a tendency to co-occur, while Ba, Mo, and Sr formed a separate group. Furthermore, in the flowers of the plant, Al, Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Sr showed a similar grouping, while Cu, Pb, and Zn formed a distinct cluster. ANOVA tests demonstrated significant variations in the accumulation of Al, Ba, Cr, Fe, and Sr among the roots, flowers, and stems of the plant. Additionally, Ni and Pb exhibited noteworthy differences in accumulation between these plant parts. Furthermore, Mn and Zn showed significant discrepancies in their accumulation capacities across all parts of the plant. T. officinale was identified as a lead hyperaccumulator by the study, with BCFs and concentrations exceeding 1000 mg kg−1. These findings inform strategies for phytoremediation and enhance our understanding of the plant's potential role in exploration studies and environmental management in metal-rich regions.

Trace Element Contents in Maize following the Application of Organic Materials to Reduce the Potential Adverse Effects of Nitrogen.

The plants cultivated in loamy sand contained less iron, manganese, copper, cobalt, nickel, and zinc while containing more chromium, lead, and cadmium than in sand. This study was launched to use organic materials in the form of humic acids (HA) to reduce the potential negative effects of excessive nitrogen fertiliser (ammonium nitrate, urea, and urea and ammonium nitrate solution-UAN) application rates (160 mg N kg-1 soil) on the trace element contents in maize in two soils differing in granulometric composition. HA were applied into the soil three times during the maize vegetation: before the sowing, at the five-leaf unfolded stage, and at the intensive shoot growth stage. The HA doses amounted to 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15 g kg-1 soil. Urea fertilisation increased the cadmium, lead, chromium, and nickel contents and reduced the iron content in maize on both soils. UAN contributed to an increased chromium content being higher than that caused by urea and to reduced iron content in the aboveground parts of maize, as compared to the objects with ammonium nitrate. In the series with ammonium nitrate, the highest dose of HA reduced the manganese, zinc, iron, and cobalt contents in maize on both soils. In the series with urea, however, their reducing effect on the copper and iron contents in maize on both soils was noted. The study also demonstrated a positive reduction in the contents of many other trace elements in maize under the influence of the application of HA (particularly, their highest dose). However, it only concerned one of the soils under study. The application of HA into the soil can be effective in reducing the trace element content in plants and can mitigate the adverse environmental impact of intensive agricultural production.

Species and physiographic factors drive Indian cucumber root and Canada mayflower plant chemistry: Implications for white-tailed deer forage quality

Nutrition is fundamental to white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) management given its relationship to habitat carrying capacity and population productivity. Ecological Sites (ESs) are a United States federal landscape management unit of specific land potential due to unique soils, topography, climate, parent material, and perhaps deer forage nutritional value. We present results of a study that extends the use of ESs to inform white-tailed deer management by evaluating indicator plant chemistry in two spring forb species, Indian cucumber root (Medeola virginiana) and Canada mayflower (Maianthemum canadense), across the northcentral Appalachians. We sampled spring forbs and underlying soils across two ESs: Dry, upland, oak–maple–hemlock hardwood forest (OMH) and Deep soil, high slope, northern hardwood forests (NHF). Plant elemental content, soil pH, and site aspect, slope and elevation were measured. Our results show that forb chemistry differs between species and within a species geographically. Indian cucumber root, as compared to Canada mayflower, has significantly higher Mg, Na, Cu, Fe, and Zn, and lower Mn. Canada mayflower in the NHF ES, versus OMH ES, was found to have significantly higher K, Mn, and B. Indian cucumber root in the NHF ES, versus the OMH ES, was found to have significantly higher Mg, Al, Fe, and Ca:P ratio but lower K. Linear discriminant analysis shows that plant tissue Mn was the best discriminator between species, and between ESs, Canada mayflower plant tissue Mn and Indian cucumber plant tissue P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn were best discriminators. Given that nutrition determines habitat carrying capacity, differences in forage nutrition between ESs may have different potentials to support deer. Forage nutrition is an important aspect of deer habitat conditions and carrying capacity, thus ESs are likely to support deer populations with different growth potential, which means that even if the same plant species occur in different ESs their nutritional value to deer may differ.

Iodine and Selenium Biofortification of Chervil Plants Treated with Silicon Nanoparticles.

Production of functional food with high levels of selenium (Se) and iodine (I) obtained via plant biofortification shows significant difficulties due to the complex interaction between the two elements. Taking into account the known beneficial effect of silicon (Si) on plant growth and development, single and joint foliar biofortification of chervil plants with potassium iodide (150 mg L−1) and sodium selenate (10 mg L−1) was carried out in a pot experiment with and without Si nanoparticles foliar supplementation. Compared to control plants, nano-Si (14 mg L−1) increased shoot biomass in all treatments: by 4.8 times with Si; by 2.8 times with I + Si; by 5.6 times with Se + Si; by 4.0 times with I + Se + Si. The correspondent increases in root biomass were 4.5, 8.7, 13.3 and 10.0 times, respectively. The growth stimulation effect of Se, I and I + Se treatments resulted in a 2.7, 3.5 and 3.6 times increase for chervil shoots and 1.6, 3.1 and 8.6 times for roots, respectively. Nano-Si improved I biofortification levels by twice, while I and Se enhanced the plant content of each other. All treatments decreased nitrate levels, compared to control, and increased the photopigment accumulation. Improvement of total antioxidant activity and phenolic content was recorded only under the joint application of Se + I + Si. Foliar nano-Si treatment affected other element content in plants: decreased Na+ accumulation in single and joint supplementation with Se and I, restored Fe, Mn and Cr amount compared to the decreased levels recorded in separately Se and I fortified plants and promoted Al accumulation both with or without Se and I biofortification. The results of this research suggest high prospects of foliar nano-Si supply for enhancing both growth and joint I/Se biofortification of chervil.

How and why plant ionomes vary across North American grasslands and its implications for herbivore abundance.

Plant elemental content can vary up to 1,000-fold across grasslands, with implications for the herbivores the plants feed. We contrast the regulation, in grasses and forbs, of 12 elements essential to plants and animals (henceforth plant-essential), 7 essential to animals but not plants (animal-essential) and 6 with no known metabolic function (nonessential). Four hypotheses accounted for up to two thirds of the variation in grass and forb ionomes across 54 North American grasslands. Consistent with the supply-side hypothesis, the plant-essential ionome of both forbs and grasses tracked soil availability. Grass ionomes were more likely to harvest even nonessential elements like Cd and Sr. Consistent with the grazing hypothesis, cattle-grazed grasslands also accumulated a handful of metals like Cu and Cr. Consistent with the NP-catalysis hypothesis, increases in the macronutrients N and P in grasses were associated with higher densities of cofactors like Zn and Cu. The plant-essential elements of forbs, in contrast, consistently varied as per the nutrient-dilution hypothesis-there was a decrease in elemental parts per million with increasing local carbohydrate production. Combined, these data fit a working hypothesis that grasses maintain lower elemental densities and survive on nutrient-poor patches by opportunistically harvesting soil nutrients. In contrast, nutrient-rich forbs use episodes of high precipitation and temperature to build new carbohydrate biomass, raising leaves higher to compete for light, but diluting the nutrient content in every bite of tissue. Herbivores of forbs may thus be particularly prone to increases in pCO2 via nutrient dilution.

Nitrogen addition affects eco-physiological interactions between two tree species dominating in subtropical forests

Nitrogen (N) deposition affects plant growth and interspecific interaction. This study aimed to explore the effect of N deposition on the growth and eco-physiological interactions between two tree species dominating in subtropical forests. A greenhouse experiment was conducted for 6 months in which the conifer Cunninghamia lanceolata and the broadleaved Phoebe chekiangensis were grown in monocultures and in a mixture under two levels of N addition: 0 and 45 kg ha−1 yr−1. The plant growth, root architecture, biomass distribution, element contents in plants and soil, and photosynthetic physiology were determined. The height and crown width of both seedlings tended to be higher in the mixture than in the monoculture when grown without N addition. P. chekiangensis was superior to C. lanceolata in resource acquisition and showed a greater net photosynthetic rate, plant height, crown width, total biomass, and belowground biomass distribution. In the mixture, N addition increased the net photosynthetic rate and decreased the height, ground diameter, and crown width of both species. Belowground biomass distribution was decreased in C. lanceolata but increased in P. chekiangensis under N addition. The P contents in both seedlings were higher in the mixture than in monocultures. Results showed N addition aggravated the competition and weakened the growth of both species in the mixture, largely determined by the competition for resources through the changing root architecture and biomass allocation. Our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of interspecific interaction in response to increasing N deposition in silvicultural practice.

Direct and indirect effects of plant diversity and phenoxy herbicide application on the development and reproduction of a polyphagous herbivore

Widespread application of synthetic pesticides and loss of plant diversity are regarded as significant drivers of current global change. The effects of such phenomena on insect performance have been extensively studied separately, yet the interactions of these two drivers have been poorly explored. Here, we subjected the polyphagous grasshopper Pseudochorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt, 1821) to a full-lifecycle field experiment with 50 cages containing experimental plant communities differing in grass species richness (2 vs. 8 grass species), half of them treated with a phenoxy herbicide commonly employed to control broadleaf plants in grasslands. We measured plant elemental content as a proxy for plant physiology, and a wide range of insect traits in both female and male grasshoppers. In females, grass diversity increased herbivory, insect nitrogen content and egg load, while herbicide reduced herbivory but increased the number of offspring, likely mediated by altered plant community composition. In males, grass diversity also increased herbivory, had positive effects on fat body, muscle volume and lifespan, and negative effects on body mass. Herbicide negatively affected herbivory in both females and males. Overall, plant diversity and herbicides may shift resource allocation in generalist terrestrial insect herbivores, indicating complex and unexpected effects of human-induced environmental change.

Volcanism and geochemistry of soil and vegetation cover of Kamchatka. Communication 3. Elemental composition of vegetation of volcanic ecosystems

The link of the chemical composition of the plant with the active volcanism of Kamchatka, is determined by the stable occurrence into the composition of the priority chemical elements for plants, volcanic ashes and soils: Ca, Mg, Mn, P, Cu, Zn and Sr. An elevated geochemical background of Kamchatka plants relative to the bulk chemical composition of the peninsula’s soils was established. The contents of Br, Hg, Hf, Sb, Ga, W, K relative to the clarks for living matter in the plants of the region are exceeded by 3–5 times. Against the background of small variations in the contents of chemical elements in plants of different regions, the relatively rich biogeochemical background of the Western region of the southern province (the western coast of Kamchatka) is determined, where most ancient near-surface volcanic ashes for Kamchatka are transformed into humus-accumulative horizons. On the territory of young volcanic ash fallout in the immediate vicinity of volcanoes, the relative richness of vegetation with chemical elements and the poverty of soils by mobile forms of elements have been established. On the contrary, at a distance from the volcanoes in the zone of far transfer fallout ashes, there is a marked relative poverty of plants and soil richness of available chemical elements.

Global changes alter plant multi-element stoichiometric coupling.

Plant stoichiometric coupling among all elements is fundamental to maintaining growth-related ecosystem functions. However, our understanding of nutrient balance in response toglobal changes remains greatly limited to plant carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus (C : N : P) coupling. Here we evaluated nine element stoichiometric variations with one meta-analysis of 112 global change experiments conducted across global terrestrial ecosystems and one synthesis over 1900 species observations along natural environment gradients across China. We found that experimentally increased soil N and P respectively enhanced plant N:potassium (K), N:calcium (Ca) and N:magnesium (Mg), and P:K, P:Ca and P:Mg, and natural increases in soil N and P resulted in qualitatively similar responses. The ratios of N and P to base cations decreased both under experimental warming and with naturally increasing temperature. With decreasing precipitation, these ratios increased in experiments but decreased under natural environments. Based on these results, we propose a new stoichiometric framework in which all plant element contents and their coupling are not only affected by soil nutrient availability, but also by plant nutrient demand to maintain diverse functions under climate change. This study offers new insights into understanding plant stoichiometric variations across a full set of mineral elements under global changes.

Antibiotic-induced effects on scaling relationships and on plant element contents in herbs and grasses.

Plant performance is correlated with element concentrations in plant tissue, which may be impacted by adverse chemical soil conditions. Antibiotics of veterinary origin can adversely affect plant performance. They are released to agricultural fields via grazing animals or manure, taken up by plants and may be stored, transformed or sequestered by plant metabolic processes. We studied the potential effects of three antibiotics (penicillin, sulfadiazine, and tetracycline) on plant element contents (macro‐ and microelements). Plant species included two herb species (Brassica napus and Capsella bursa‐pastoris) and two grass species (Triticum aestivum and Apera spica‐venti), representing two crop species and two noncrop species commonly found in field margins, respectively. Antibiotic concentrations were chosen as to reflect in vivo situations, that is, relatively low concentrations similar to those detected in soils. In a greenhouse experiment, plants were raised in soil spiked with antibiotics. After harvest, macro‐ and microelements in plant leaves, stems, and roots were determined (mg/g). Results indicate that antibiotics can affect element contents in plants. Penicillin exerted the greatest effect both on element contents and on scaling relationships of elements between plant organs. Roots responded strongest to antibiotics compared to stems and leaves. We conclude that antibiotics in the soil, even in low concentrations, lead to low‐element homeostasis, altering the scaling relationships between roots and other plant organs, which may affect metabolic processes and ultimately the performance of a plant.

The Effect of Increasing Humic Acid Applications on Some Nutrient Contents of Cress (Lepidium sativum L.) Plant

This research was done to determine the effect of increasing Humic acid application on some nutrient element contents of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) plant. For this purpose according to randomize block experimental design, an experiment was done with three replications in greenhouse conditions. Cress plant seed was sowed 1.5 g/ m2. Four humic acid doses (I. dose: 0 mL /m2, II. dose: 8 mL /m2, III. dose: 16 mL /m2 and IV. dose: 24 mL /m2) were applied to cress plant. Then cress plants were harvested 30 days after planting. Dry matter yield and some nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) contents of plants were determined. According to the results, important increases some nutrient element contents of plants were determined with increasing humic acid applications. These increases were found 1. dose 5.52%, and 4. dose 6.04%, for N element, respectively. Other macro elements P (0.70%, and 0. 82%); K (6.85%, and 7.67%); Ca (1.72%, and 2.01%); Mg (0.13% and 0.15%) and S (1.04%, and 1.17%), respectively. Some micro element (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) contents of cress plant, 1. dose: 89.86, 9.59, 59.50 and 56.20; 4. dose: 102.17, 11.03, 67.67 and 76.63 mgkg-1, respectively. These increases were found statistically significant at the level of 5% for each nutrient element, except Mg.

Mobility and plant availability of risk elements in soil after long-term application of farmyard manure.

Crop rotation long-term field experiments were established in 1955 and 1956 at three locations in the Czech Republic (Čáslav, Ivanovice, and Lukavec) differing in their climatic and soil physicochemical properties. The effect of long-term application of farmyard manure and farmyard manure+NPK treatments on plant-available, easily mobilizable, potentially mobilizable, and pseudo-total contents of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) contents in soils (in 2013) as well as the uptake of these elements by winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain and straw were analyzed in the two following seasons: 2012 and 2013. The treatments resulted in increasing the soil pH level when compared to the control, but the cation exchange capacity remained unchanged. Although all fertilizers were applied for six decades, the pseudo-total concentration elements in both the soil and wheat plants stayed far below those of the Czech and European threshold limits for agricultural soils and cereals for human nutrition and feedstuff. Although the mobile pools of As, Cu, and Zn were slightly changed at the treated soils, these changes were not related to the element uptake by the wheat plants. Moreover, the effect of the location and growing season was more decisive for the differences in soil and plant element contents than for the individual treatments. Thus, the long-term application of farmyard manure did not result in any substantial change in risk element contents in both soils and winter wheat plants.

Impact of mechanical mowing and chemical treatment on phytosociological, pedochemical and biological parameters in roadside soils and vegetation.

Many chemical and non-chemical strategies have been applied to control weeds in agricultural and industrial areas. Knowledge regarding the effects of these methods on roadside vegetation is still poor. A 2-year field experiment was performed along a road located near Livorno (Tuscany, central Italy). Eight plots/strips were identified, of which four were subjected to periodical mechanical mowing and the remaining four were treated with a chemical herbicide based on glyphosate (the producer's recommended rates were used for the selective control of broad-leaved weeds). Our results clearly showed that roadside soil and vegetation are a significant reservoir of anthropogenic activities which have a strong negative effect on several phytosociological, pedochemical and biological parameters. Compared with conventional mechanical mowing, chemical treatment induced (i) a significant increase in organic matter in the upper plot layers (+18%), and (ii) a marked reduction in weed height throughout the entire period of the experiment. Irrespectively of the kind of treatment, no significance differences were detected in terms of (i) biological quality of soil (the abundance and diversity of arthropod communities did not change), and (ii) plant elemental content (bulk concentrations of analysed trace elements had a good fit within ranges of occurrence in the "reference plant"). The glyphosate partially controlled broad-leaved weeds and this moderate efficacy is dependent upon the season/time of application. In conclusion, the rational and sustainable use of chemical herbicides may be a useful tool for the management of roadside vegetation.

The effect of soil risk element contamination level on the element contents in Ocimum basilicum L.

Abstract Red basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cv. Red Rubin was cultivated in model pot experiment in the soil amended by arsenic, cadmium and lead solutions in stepwise concentrations representing the soil concentration levels of former mining area in the vicinity of Příbram, Czech Republic. The element levels added to the soil reached up to 40 mg Cd, 100 mg As, and 2000 mg Pb per kg of soil. Moreover, essential macro-and microelements as well as cyanidine contents were investigated to assess their potential interactions with the risk elements. The extractable element portions in soils determined at the end of vegetation period differed according to the individual elements. Whereas the plant-available (extractable with 0.11M CH3COOH) content of Cd represented 70-100% of the added Cd, the mobile portion of Pb did not exceed 1%. The risk element content in plants reflected the increasing element contents in soil. The dominant element portions remained in plant roots indicating the limited translocation ability of risk elements to the aboveground biomass of this plant species. Although the risk element contents in amended plants significantly increased, no visible symptoms of phytotoxicity occurred. However, the effect of enhanced risk element contents on the essential element uptake was assessed. Considering inter-element relationships, elevated sulphur levels were seen in amended plants, indicating its possible role of phytochelatin synthesis in the plants. Moreover, the molybdenum contents in plant biomass dropped down with increasing risk element uptake by plants confirming As-Mo and Cd-Mo antagonism. The increasing content of cyanidine in the plant biomass confirmed possible role of anthocyanins in detoxification mechanism of risk element contaminated plants and suggested the importance of anthocyanin pigments for risk element tolerance of plants growing in contaminated areas.

Trace elements of the soil–plant systems in subtropical karst and clasolite areas in Guilin, Guangxi, China

The transfer processes of trace elements within the soil–plant system is part of the biochemical cycling of chemical elements—representing a flow of elements from nonliving to living compartments in biosphere. Trace elements distribution in soil–plant system is a key issue in assessing their mobility and availability in soils. This study was conducted to assess the transfer mechanism of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), strontium (Sr) and zinc (Zn) in eleven natural plants and associated rhizosphere soils in subtropical karst and clasolite areas, Southwestern China, using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Trace elements except Sr are rich in the limestone soil of the karst area, whereas they are dispersed in the red soil of the clasolite area. Moreover, their active rates in the limestone soil are greatly reduced, compared with the red soil. Contents of trace elements in plants are both affected by the geochemical and biogeochemical characteristics of trace elements. Distributions of trace elements are related to plants’ physiological characteristics, trace elements’ chemical characteristics, and geological background as well.

Element contents in shoots of sunflower (Helianthus annuus): Prediction versus measuring

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is cultivated as food and feed crop as well as for bioenergy production. It is also investigated towards its ability to remove contaminants from soil and accumulate them in the shoots (phytoextraction). So the reliable prediction of element contents in shoots based on soil contents would be advantageous to easily decide whether plants grown on a certain area could be either used as food and feed or for phytoremediation in combination with bioenergy production. However, it is desirable to predict element contents in plants based on only a few numbers of predictors. This would mean on the one hand a reduced effort in time and costs for analysis and on the other hand existing data on soil quality could be than used for estimations of the element uptake of plants on larger scales. Samples of sunflowers were used, that were grown in plots situated at two different sites in Germany and treated with different amendments (NPK-fertilizer, Streptomyces+Mycorrhiza, Rendzina). One site (heavy metal polluted) was the test field “Gessenwiese”, which is situated on the area of the former uranium leaching heap “Gessenhalde”. The other site (non-contaminated) was the lysimeter station Falkenberg. Shoot contents of Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, K, Ni, Pb, and Zn were correctly predicted by the mobile soil fraction extracted with 1M NH4NO3 solution (simple regression), whereas for Mg, S, and U the specifically adsorbed soil fraction (extraction with 1M NH4OAc solution) needs to be added as predictor (PLS regression). Mn was the only element in the data set for which simple regression based on total soil contents (digestion with HF, HClO4, and HNO3) had to be used be used for correct prediction in the studied data set.

不同产地黄芩中无机元素含量及其与根际土壤无机元素的关系

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 不同产地黄芩中无机元素含量及其与根际土壤无机元素的关系 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201304160722 作者: 作者单位: 中国中医科学院中药资源中心,成都康宏药业集团股份有限公司,中国中医科学院中药资源中心,中国中医科学院中药资源中心,中国中医科学院中药资源中心,中国中医科学院中药资源中心,中国中医科学院中药资源中心,中国中医科学院中药资源中心 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（81130070）；国家科技支撑项目（2012BAI29B02，2012BAI28B002） The contents of inorganic elements of Scutellaria baicalensis from different origins and its relationship with inorganic elements in relevant rhizosphere soil Author: Affiliation: National Resources Center for Chinese Material Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences,,National Resources Center for Chinese Material Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences,,,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:药用植物中各无机元素含量的不仅影响药用植物的生长发育，也是药材有效成分的构成因子。通过对全国范围内16个不同产地（即居群）的92个野生黄芩（Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi）样本及其相应的根际土壤中10种无机元素含量的分析，发现不同产地黄芩及其根际土壤无机元素都有很大变异，且不同产地黄芩根际土壤中无机元素的变异远大于黄芩药材中无机元素的变异。总体来看，黄芩中Mg（9级）含量较其他植物含量高；P（1级）、K（2级）、Mn（3级）含量与其他植物相比处处较低水平；黄芩对Sr（富集系数达到3.52）有较强富集。并且通过无机元素分布曲线分析建立了无机元素指纹谱，主成分分析筛选出黄芩主要特征无机元素为Mg、K、Ca、Fe、Zn。本研究还表明，黄芩对各元素的吸收能力受产地的影响较大，提示黄芩对无机元素的吸收与各产地根际土壤无机元素有一定关联性。 Abstract:Inorganic elements in medicinal plants not only affect the growth and development of medicinal plants, but also are important constitutes of its active ingredients. The present study examined the content and variability of inorganic elements in Scutellaria baicalensis and its relevant rhizosphere soils, as well as the plant's absorption characteristics for various inorganic elements, to explore the relationship between inorganic elements in rhizosphere soil and inorganic elements in roots. A total of 92 S. baicalensis plant and its 92 relevant rhizosphere soil samples, derived from 16 different origins across China, were employed in this experiment. Ten different inorganic elements were detected in the plant samples and the analyses of their corresponding rhizosphere soils. The inorganic element contents of plants from different origins and their corresponding rhizosphere soils varied significantly, and the variation among soils of different origin was much greater than in plants. The ANOVA showed that, in addition to Zn, the contents of other inorganic element in the samples and their corresponding rhizosphere soils were significantly different according to origin. For example, the Cr contents in the samples from Durbat, Heilongjiang were significantly higher than those of samples from other origins and nearly eight times greater than the study average. The rhizosphere soils from Weichang, Hebei and Chicheng, Hebei, contained significantly more Cr, Fe, K, Mn, and Sr than did samples from other areas. The coefficients of variation for Cr, Fe, K, Mn, P and Sr in the plant samples from the 16 origins were significantly greater than those in the rhizosphere soil. However, no significant differences were observed between the coefficients of variation of the inorganic elements for their overall distribution in the plant samples and in the corresponding rhizosphere soils. Furthermore, the content of Mg (9 level) in S. baicalensis (9) was relatively higher than in other plants, while the P (1 level), K (2 level), and Mn (3 level) contents were relatively lower. S. baicalensis also showed a strong concentration of Sr (with an enrichment coefficient of 3.52) and a weak concentration of P (with an enrichment coefficient of 1.27). At the same time, the enrichment coefficient of each inorganic element varied significantly according to origin. Additionally, we obtained the fingerprint spectra of the inorganic elements of S. baicalensis using inorganic element distribution curve analysis and filtered out the characteristic inorganic elements using principal component analysis. Mg, K, Ca, Fe and Zn were the characteristic inorganic elements of S. baicalensis, while Ca, K, Mg, Mn and Zn were the characteristic inorganic elements in the rhizosphere soil of S. baicalensis. Overall, the study showed that the absorption capacity of S. baicalensis for each element varied with origin and that the absorption capacity for each inorganic element was tied to the plant's growth demands and the absorption characteristics of the element. These results also suggested that a correlation existed between the absorption of inorganic elements and the inorganic elements in the rhizosphere soil. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of the geographic variation of nutrient quality for S. baicalensis and a theoretical basis for choosing appropriate planting habitats. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Estudio de la concentración de elementos traza tóxicos de los depósitos de lodos, los suelos y las plantas en Mina La Solana, Almería (España)

Caro-Moreno, D., Jimenez-Cantizano, F.A. 2013. Study of the concentration of toxic trace elements of sludge deposits, soils and plants in Mina La Solana, Almeria (Spain). Ecosistemas 22(3):101-110. Doi.: 10.7818/ECOS.2013.22-3.14. This work presents a study of the concentration of toxic trace elements in abandoned sludge deposits (tailings) by mining in Almeria (Spain), soils and plants that colonize and represent a way to incorporate those elements in the food chain. The old mining industry left a number of abandoned facilities in different parts of Andalusia, with tailings standing out. They were generated in the flotation process, and usually deposited and left on streambeds. Tailings composition vary depending on the type of ore and treatment additives, but usually the contents of heavy metals are high, because recovery was not very good in the mineral processing technique used in the early 20th century facilities. In this study we analyze the case of Mina La Solana tailings, located in Almocita (Almeria, SE Spain). We carried out a geochemical characterization of trace element content. Furthermore, we also studied the geochemical trace element content in plants that were rooted in the tailings. The results show that tailings have high Pb content (average concentration 6800 ppm) and Zn (average concentration 22 000 ppm). These elements are not mobile soluble fractions; leaching tests give very low concentration levels (≤ 10 ppm Pb and ≤ 2 ppm Zn) in water. We found high concentrations of the same elements in plants, with a value of up to 210 ppm Pb and 1300 ppm Zn. This demonstrates the ability of plants to alter the mobility of the elements present in the substrate where they are rooted and thus providing a transfer to the food chain through feeding species.

Toxic Element Profiles in Selected Medicinal Plants Growing on Serpentines in Bulgaria

Populations of medicinal plants growing on serpentines and their respective soils were analyzed for Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Co, Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Aqua regia extraction and 0.43 M acetic acid extraction were used for the quantification of pseudototal and bioavailable fractions, respectively, of elements in soil and nitric acid digestion for determination of total element content in plants. Screening was performed to (1) document levels of toxic metals in herbs extensively used in preparation of products and standardized extracts, (2) compare accumulation abilities of ferns and seed plants, and (3) estimate correlations between metal content in plants and their soils. The toxic element content of plants varied from site to site on a large scale. The concentrations of Fe and Ni were elevated while those of Cu, Zn, and Pb were close to average values usually found in plants. The highest concentrations for almost all elements were measured in both Teucrium species. Specific differences in metal accumulation between ferns and seed plants were not recorded. The investigated species are not hyperaccumulators but can accumulate toxic elements, in some cases exceeding permissible levels proposed by the World Health Organization and European Pharmacopoeia. The harvesting of medicinal plants from serpentines could be hazardous to humans.

Effect of slaughterhouse wastes on the element contents of plants on calcareous sandy soil

Duna–Tisza közi karbonátos homoktalajon, az MTA TAKI Őrbottyáni Kísérleti Telepén vizsgáltuk az eltérő minőségű komposztok és a húsliszt hatását a kukorica, mustár és tritikále termésére. A heterogén talaj 0–8% közötti CaCO3- és 1,0–1,5% humuszkészlettel rendelkezett. A humuszos szint vastagsága 60–80 cm, a pH(H2O) 6,8–7,5, a pH(KCl) 6,3–7,3 közötti értékeket mutatott. Az agyagfrakció mennyisége 10–15%-ot tett ki. A termőhely felvehető foszforral közepesen, nitrogénnel és káliummal gyengén ellátott volt. A véletlen blokk elrendezésű kísérleteket 2002-ben és 2003-ban állítottuk be egyenként 5 kezeléssel és 4 ismétléssel, azaz 20-20 parcellával. Az egyes parcellák területe 5×8 = 40 m² volt. A kísérlet beállításakor egyszeri terhelésként 0, 25, 50, 100 és 200 t·ha-1 friss komposztot, vagy 0, 2,5, 5, 10, 20 t·ha-1 húslisztet alkalmaztunk. A további években a komposztok és a húsliszt trágyaszerek utóhatásait figyeltük meg. Kísérleti növényként 2002-ben kukoricát, 2003-ban mustárt, majd 2004 és 2010 között tritikálét vetettünk monokultúrában. Igazolható hatásokat a növények összetételére csak 2004-ig kaptunk, ezért a további évek eredményeinek bemutatásától eltekintünk. Az aszályos 2002 évben a tápelemek a trágyázatlan talajon is feldúsultak a kukoricában, érvényesült a „töményedési” effektus. Az érett vágóhídi hulladékkomposzt-terhelés hatására tovább nőtt a kukorica vegetatív részeinek N-, K-, S-, NO3-N-, Zn-, Mo- és Cd-koncentrációja, míg a Mg-, Mn- és Ba-tartalma mérséklődött. A 2. évben termett mustár melléktermésében a S- és Na-mennyiség emelkedett. A 3. évben a tritikále szalma- és szemtermésében a Na- csökkenésével párhuzamosan a Mo-tartalom emelkedett. Az éretlen komposzt a N-, K-, S-, NO3-N-, Na- és Zn-felvételt serkentette, míg a Mg és Mo akkumulációját gátolta a kukoricában. A mustár magjában is igazolható volt a Sr és Na serkentő, illetve a Mo és Cd gátló hatása. A tritikáleban a Ca-, Mg-, Na- és Sr-beépülés mérséklődött, a Cu-felvétel viszont nőtt a terheléssel. Összességében hasonló hatást gyakorolt a félérett komposzt is a mustárra. A tritikáléban a N, K, S, Zn és Fe serkentő hatása, ill. a Mg esetén gátló befolyás volt megfigyelhető. A húslisztterhelés hatására kimutathatóan dúsult a N, S és Na, valamint visszaesett a P, Fe, Ni, Cr, Pb és Mo mennyisége a mustár melléktermésében. Úgy tűnik a csont kalcium-foszfát összetevője kevéssé tárult fel a húslisztben, ami gátolhatta a P és néhány nehézfém felvehetőségét a trágyaszerből, illetve a talajból. A magtermésben a S és Na beépülése nőtt, illetve a Mo elemé csökkent a terheléssel. A tritikále szalmában a N- és K-, a szemben a N- és S-tartalom nőtt igazolhatóan. A húsliszt gyors mineralizációjával akár 1 t·ha-1 N-veszteség (kilúgzás NO3-N formában, illetve légköri elillanás NH3-N formában) léphetett fel a 3 év alatt. A liszt 13% körüli zsírtartalma nem gátolta az ásványosodást ezen a talajon. A maximális zsírterhelés elérhette a 2,6 t·ha-1 értéket. A termesztett növények átlagos összetételében több nagyságrendbeli különbség is előfordult. A mustár magja halmozta fel a legtöbb N, P, S és Zn elemet. Az As-, Hg-, Se- és Pb-koncentráció minden növényi részben a kimutatási határ alatt maradt. Összefoglalva, javasolható a sterilizált vágóhídi érett komposztok minél kiterjedtebb felhasználása termőföldön. Összetételük és hatékonyságuk alapján kifejezetten növelhetik főként a savanyú homoktalajok termékenységét.