Plant-based Oils Research Articles

What Is the Relationship Between Sensory Attributes Identified Using CATA (Check-All-That-Apply) Questionnaire and Consumer Acceptance of Cookies Using Plant-Based Oils?

The purpose of this study was to investigate sensory attributes identified using a CATA questionnaire and consumer acceptance of cookies using plant-based oils and to determine which sensory attributes influence and improve purchase intention of cookies using plant-based oils. Frequency analysis, one-way analysis of variance, correspondence analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple factor analysis were used for statistical evaluation. Six cookie samples, five with types of vegetable oil (canola, brown rice, coconut, soybean, olive) and one with butter, were evaluated by 112 consumers. Of the 28 sensory attributes, the 11 sensory terms of milk, savory, sweet aroma/odor, sweet, roasted grain, milk taste/flavor, hardness, “crispy”, “stuffy”, roughness, and “crumble” were significantly different among samples (p < 0.001). In the consumer acceptance and purchase intention tests, participants evaluated 12 attributes, namely, overall liking, appearance, color, aroma/smell, overall taste, savory flavor, flavor, sweet taste, aftertaste, texture, “smooth”, “crispy”, “try again”, recommendations, and familiarity, on a 9-point structured hedonic scale. All attributes except “smooth” were significantly different among the six cookie samples tested (p < 0.001). Samples with coconut oil and butter had the highest consumer acceptance. In particular, in a correspondence analysis, the samples with butter and coconut oil positioned in the positive direction (+) of Dimension (Component) 1 were closely related with mouthfeel, sweet aroma, sweet taste, “crispy”, “try again”, recommendation, familiarity, and overall liking. Our results suggest that cookies with coconut oil could be a substitute for animal-fat-based cookies with butter. We hope that our research will provide fundamental data for the development of vegan bakery products that meet the needs of consumers and food companies.

EXTRACTION OF OILS FROM FRUIT KERNELS WITH CONVENTIONAL AND INNOVATIVE METHODS:A REVIEW

Over recent years, the food industry has striven to reduce waste, mostly because of rising awareness of the detrimental environmental impacts of food waste. While the edible oils market is enlarging constantly, there is increasing interest in producing plant-based oils because of the presence of various bioactive components like mono and poly unsaturated fatty acids. In recent publications it has been shown that various fruit kernels represent source of these components while the conversion of bio-waste into valuable compounds is of outmost importance for ensuring sustainability of the environment. This review investigates the different methods used for extraction of oils from sour cherry, peach, apricot and olive kernels and comparison between these methods in terms of extraction yield, fatty acids profile, tocopherols yield and antioxidant activity. An overview of chemical composition, bioactivity and on the application of these oils in end markets such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals is presented. Scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Research Gate, ClinicalTrials have been used to assemble the data for this review. KEYWORDS:extraction, oil, sour cherry, apricot, peach, olive

Microbial oil from R. opacus: Sustainable biodiesel production

Generating additional and efficient biodiesel routes will rely heavily on advancements in clean energy technologies along with the creation of novel fermentation tactics and analyses. To create biofuels of the second generation from alternative carbon sources other than food, oleaginous microbes with the capacity to accumulate methyl esters of fatty acids (FAMEs), such as Rhodococcus species, can be utilised. These "micro biorefineries" offer a technique to convert waste streams from industry and agriculture into fungible fuels or compounds that can be used as building blocks for other substances and chemicals. Due to their similar content to typical raw materials like plant-based oils, oils from bacteria have become a feasible substitute to create biodiesel from raw material. The fact that they do not compete for arable land or with food for people or animals is another benefit of them. Using hydrolysate as the only source of carbon, a carbon and energy balance for the model species R. opacus was assessed in this study. A favourable energy balance was shown by the method. The viability of bacterial oil as a biofuel substrate was also assessed by measuring the lipid fatty acid profile and cetane number. Also, an analysis of the oil yields from bacterial, microalgae and plant-based oils is shown in terms of how much land each uses. The findings revealed that R. opacus oil production is significantly more than plant-based oils (650 times) and microalgae (30 times).

Application of Response Surface Methodology Experimental Design to Optimize Tribological Lubrication Characteristics

Total Knee Replacement (TKR) has become a standard operation for patients with joint disorders. Despite the fact that the number of procedures is increasing all the time, the short service life of implants remains a persistent concern for researchers. Understanding lubrication may aid in explaining tribological processes that lead to replacements that last well into the third decade of service. Likewise, wear and friction in total knee replacement (TKR) components are among the most common causes of implant failure. As a result, this study will evaluate the feasibility of using the polymer Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) for cartilage replacement in Total Knee Replacement (TKR) using plant-based oils as lubricants. Furthermore, the modifier will be added to plant-based oils as an additive to make them analogous to human bodily fluids. The present paper is applying the Box-Behnken design to optimize the performance and mechanical responses of bio-lubricants toward Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) as a tibial insert for cartilage replacement in Total Knee Replacement (TKR). The main objective of this paper is to develop an optimized method for the selection of plant-based oil parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to investigate the interactions between the essential factors comprising load (45 kg to 90 kg), speed (60 rpm, 90 rpm and 360 rpm), and concentration (0ml, 5ml and 10ml) of bio-lubricants to accomplish the indicated prospect of using polymer for cartilage replacement. Canola oil, castor oil, and sunflower seed oil are considered vegetable oils, whereas Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is the friction modifier. The parameters are used to create a Box-Behnken design for predicting lubricant anti-wear qualities stated in terms of coefficient of friction, wear rate and frictional force as determined by the pin-on-disk experimental procedure. As a result, the optimization using RSM successfully interpreted the experimental data, according to the analysis of variance, with coefficients of determination of R2 = 0.91 and adjusted R2 = 0.77. The Coefficient of Friction (CoF) and wear rate were investigated following tribological testing. Castor oil had a lower coefficient of friction than canola and sunflower seed oil, according to the findings. In terms of friction reduction, castor oil surpasses canola and sunflower seed oil.

Plant-Based Oils for Sustainable Lubrication Solutions—Review

Traditional lubricants, often containing harmful chemicals and synthetic or fossil-derived oils, pose environmental risks by damaging ecosystems and threatening human health and wildlife. There is a growing demand for environmentally sustainable and cost-effective bio-based lubricants derived from renewable raw materials. These bio-based oils often possess natural lubricating properties, making them an attractive alternative to traditional synthetic lubricants. In addition to providing effective lubrication, they offer good biodegradability and minimal toxicity, which are essential for reducing environmental impact. However, the primary challenge lies in optimizing their performance to match or surpass that of conventional lubricants while ensuring they remain cost-effective and widely available. This paper reviews the general requirements for lubricants and explores how plant-based oils can be utilized to meet the diverse lubrication needs across various industries. Further, it highlights different approaches that can be used for further improvements in the area of plant-based lubrication through bio-inspired means, such as the use of estolides, wax esters, or erucic acid, as well as through additions of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, nanoclays, or two-dimensional films.

Probiotics and Vegetable Oil Association: A Review

Abstract Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts. Currently, seven genera are used for their probiotic’s potential. Strains having the desired characteristics are associated with plenty of health benefits. Recent literature shows that different plant and vegetable oils are associated with probiotics. Other reports indicated their various aspects. For instance, the effect of probiotics on plant-based oil, edible oil, probiotics, the use of oils for probiotics encapsulation, etc., are documented. It is also reported that probiotics from vegetable sources and plant oil have some advancements, such as vegetarian and lactose-intolerant people using them. The multidimensional association between probiotics and vegetable oils attracts researchers to explore it. This research area is growing fast, but more limited research data is needed. Hence, this literature study was performed to identify the relationship, pros, and cons and provide recent insight into the literature for the researchers. Materials were collected by searching the related terminologies on different websites, finding the downloaded literature, and analyzing it critically. The results were presented as described by the authors, and a correlation was found that helps to enhance the field. Collectively, it was found that probiotics and plant and vegetable oils have a multifactorial relationship, and both can increase the effects of one another.

A Short Review: The Use and Application of Matrix Resins Formed with Some Plant-Based Oils in Bio-Composite Materials

Increasing environmental problems, waste recycling problems, and non-biodegradable resources have led researchers to different searches for composite materials in recent years. In these studies, interest in bio-composite materials known as green composites has increased significantly due to their potential to replace traditional materials in material production. The creation of biocomposite materials from natural fibers or natural resins instead of synthetic fibers and synthetic resins has made natural resources the focus of researchers. Among these natural resin formations, the use of vegetable-based oils in various applications has started to be seen frequently due to their low cost, biodegradability, and availability. In addition to being recyclable, vegetable-based oils are an important alternative in many sectors, especially in the chemical industry, both environmentally and economically, with a wide variety of chemical conversion possibilities. The desire to explore the versatility of vegetable oil components formed by the complex multi-component mixtures of fatty acids and glycerol ester accelerates the studies in this field even more. In this study, the chemical compositions of vegetable oils hybridized with different resins, the chemical structures of pure vegetable oils, the different varieties among these vegetable oils, and various types of biocomposites produced using vegetable oil-based resins were investigated. In addition, the latest trends in other applications of these bio-composites, especially in automotive, were examined.

Chemical transesterification of coconut and corn oils using different metal hydroxides as catalysts to determine the chemical and physiochemical changes to the oils.

The transesterification of butteroil has been shown to alter its lipid chemistry and thus alter the crystallization of the fat. The reaction kinetics and resulting crystallization of the butteroil differ depending on the nature of the catalyst used. Modeling the reaction with vegetable oils is a simpler method for the analysis of resulting products to understand the chemical and physiochemical changes that occur based on catalyst selection. The objective of this work is to perform a chemical transesterification of coconut and corn oil using monovalent and divalent catalysts to investigate the chemical and crystal changes that occur. Coconut and corn oil were subjected to chemical transesterification using both Ca(OH)2 and KOH as catalysts. In both the coconut and corn oil samples, transesterification caused monoglycerides (MAGs) and diacylglycerides (DAGs) to form from the most abundant fatty acid found in each sample. Coconut oil's melting temperature, solid fat content (SFC), and storage modulus decreased as a result of the transesterification, and crystals began to form in the corn oil causing melting thermograms to be evident, higher SFC, and a more viscous oil as a result. Using Ca(OH)2 as a catalyst resulted in more MAG formation, and a higher SFC and melting temperature than when KOH was used as a catalyst. The results demonstrate that the chemical changes that result from transesterification of plant-based oils change the crystallization behavior of the oils and can therefore be used for different applications in the food industry. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Strategy combining mammalian fats with supplementation of pungent spices in aquafeeds, to mitigate negative impacts of fish oil replacement in fish performance, fillet quality and hepatic condition of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

The replacement of fish oil (FO) in aquafeeds usually leads to imbalances in the dietary content of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), with negative consequences for fish performance, health, and fillet quality. Animal-rendered fats are an alternative lipid source high in saturated fatty acids, potentially sparing n-3 PUFA from oxidation, and with lower n-6 PUFA contents than plant-based oils, especially in the case of mammalian fats (MF). Hence, this work assessed the effect of replacing 45% FO by MF (negative control, NC) compared to a diet containing only FO (positive control, PC) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata, initial body weight: 85 ± 4 g, mean ± standard deviation) at low water temperature. In addition, we studied the effect of supplementing the NC diet with a combination of pungent spices with hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory properties at three inclusion levels: 0.05 (SPICY0.05%), 0.1 (SPICY0.1%), and 0.15% (SPICY0.15%). At the end of the trial (112 days), FO substitution by MF led to poorer fish performance in terms of body weight (BW), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Supplementation of the NC diet with spices numerically improved SGR, FCR and PER at all inclusion levels (non-significantly different from the PC group), being FCR and PER significantly different from the NC group in the SPICY0.1% and SPICY0.15% treatments. A remarkable increase in lipid level was observed in fillets of fish fed the NC diet, but was fully counteracted by spice supplementation, especially in fish fed the SPICY0.15% diet. A lower fat accumulation was also found in the liver of fish fed the SPICY0.1% and SPICY0.15% diets, with respect to the PC and NC groups. The fillets' fatty acid profile mostly reflected the diet composition, but the SPICY0.15% diet modified it in an inverse direction to that observed in the NC, to more closely resemble the profile of fish fed the PC diet. In particular, the SPICY0.15% diet reduced fillet levels of MUFA, linoleic and linolenic acids, and increased n-3 LC-PUFA (including EPA and DHA), compared to the NC. A microarray-based transcriptomic analysis revealed a better hepatic health status, as indicated by different biological processes associated to immunity. Overall, supplementation with the combination of pungent spices at 0.15% enabled the incorporation of alternative lipid sources, such as MF, in aquafeeds without significantly compromising growth and feeding performance, liver health, and quality of the edible product.

Influence of Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2) Nanoparticles Loading in Treated Used Palm Oil Bio-lubricant on Surface Roughness during Turning of AISI420

The environmental impact and non-biodegradability of petroleum-based lubricants has caused some researchers to shift the formulation of lubricant formulation using plant-based oil, However, food security has caused concerns in development of new bio-lubricants. In this study, treated used cooking palm oil added with Zinc Dialkyldithiophosphate and Molybdenum Disulphide nanoparticles were used as lubricant to assist the cutting of hardened martensitic stainless steel AISI420 using coated carbide tool. Surface roughness of the cut workpiece was investigated using a surface roughness tester. From the study, treated used cooking oil added with ZDDP and 0.8wt% MoS2 nanoparticles displayed the lowest average surface roughness of workpiece with Ra = 0.532µm and total roughness Rz = 4.006µm. This concluded that the new formulated bio-lubricant can successfully replace the readily available commercial cutting fluid as it produces a low surface roughness during cutting process.

Molecular dynamics study of the thermodynamic properties of triglyceride/methanol mixtures in the presence of cosolvent

Biodiesel is a renewable source of energy that has the potential to replace fossil fuel-based resources. It is produced via the transesterification reaction in which a triglyceride reacts with methanol in the presence of a catalyst. Cosolvents are usually added to the reactants in transesterification to improve the mutual solubility of methanol and triglycerides and to create a single phase. The commonly used cosolvents in transesterification include tetrahydrofuran (THF) and diethyl ether (DEE). Understanding the thermodynamic properties of this system is important in the selection of cosolvent. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the mixing behavior between the components of ternary mixtures of triolein/methanol/THF and triolein/methanol/DEE via the application of Flory-Huggins theory of solutions. A simple approach to calculation of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameters is used in which the mixing energy is derived from averaged non-bonded pair interaction energies. Apart from pure triolein, these ternary systems resemble the experimentally studied ternary systems employing various plant-based oils. The binary interaction parameters, Gibbs Free energy and chemical potentials of the components were calculated to study the mixing behavior. Our results show that along the experimental phase boundary the binary interaction parameters remain relatively unchanged with a deviation observed at the highest volume fractions of triolein where the highest binary interactions were observed indicating the possibility of phase separation. The Gibbs energy of mixing for the systems changed from positive to negative as one moves from two phase to single phase part of the ternary system as expected and in agreement with experimental data. The chemical potentials of the ternary mixture components were calculated from the partial derivatives of the Gibbs free energy of mixing. The activities calculated from Flory-Huggins chemical potentials were compared to those calculated using the UNIFAC model. There is good agreement between the two, with both able to predict a single and biphasic mixture. However, disagreements are noted at low and high concentrations of triolein.

Advances in the source, preparation, and application of phytosterols

Phytosterols, also referred to as plant sterols, represent naturally occurring compounds exclusive to the plant kingdom. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted realm of phytosterols, encompassing their structural characteristics and physiological functions. A keen focus is placed on elucidating their sources, with an emphasis on their abundance in unprocessed materials. The paper meticulously explores the diverse methods employed in the preparation of phytosterols, concurrently scrutinizing the detection techniques applied in their analysis. Within the medical domain, phytosterols have gained recognition for their efficacy in reducing LDL cholesterol levels, thereby proving instrumental in averting cardiovascular diseases, addressing breast cancer, and managing metabolic disorders. In the cosmetic industry, plant-based oils, enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids, function as potent antioxidants and moisturizers, counteracting the detrimental effects of free radicals. Furthermore, in the realm of the food industry, phytosterols play a pivotal role in the construction of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs), preserving the bioavailability of various compounds. This review article stands out for its synthesis of existing research, offering succinct summaries of each section while adeptly bridging identified research gaps. Its intrinsic value lies in its potential to serve as a crucial resource for researchers, fostering deeper investigations and streamlining research endeavors in the medical, cosmetic, and food sectors.

Tribological Characterisation of Biofluid Using Four Ball Experiment

This study presents the tribological characterisation of biofluid that uses plant-based oil namely sunflower oil and olive oil that has been blended with hyaluronic acid as an additive. Plant-based oil is a type fluid that is not harmful to humans and the hyaluronic acid helps the based fluid in absorption shock and distribution of forces. This project aims to measure the performance of this biofluid as an artificial synovial fluid in terms of its coefficient of friction, frictional torque and the wear scar diameter produced. Three different composition volumes of hyaluronic acid were used which are 0%, 5% and 10% in the fluid sample. This sample of biofluid is tested by using four ball tribological testing under one of the conditions which was wear preventive condition. To obtain the coefficient of friction and frictional torque for the biofluid by using the 3D Surface Measurement Systems, we measure the wear scar diameter produced at the ball bearings. The results acquired for this study are the average coefficient of friction and frictional torque that were directly proportional to the volume composition of additives. However, for the average wear scar diameter, it depends on the suitability of volume additives that have been added. Pure sunflower oil has the lowest coefficient of friction which is 0.065940. While, for average wear scar diameter, olive oil with 10% hyaluronic acid recorded the lowest value which is 0.64828mm. It shows that pure plant-based oil has the best lubricant ability which is producing lower coefficient of friction and frictional torque compared to it going to be blend with hyaluronic acid. This result of this project might give benefits to the medical engineering nowadays that related to the case that need the usage of artificial synovial fluid.

Application of Response Surface Methodology Experimental Design to Optimize Tribological Lubrication Characteristics

Total Knee Replacement (TKR) has become a standard operation for patients with joint disorders. Despite the fact that the number of procedures is increasing all the time, the short service life of implants remains a persistent concern for researchers. Understanding lubrication may aid in explaining tribological processes that lead to replacements that last well into the third decade of service. Likewise, wear and friction in total knee replacement (TKR) components are among the most common causes of implant failure. As a result, this study will evaluate the feasibility of using the polymer Polylactic Acid (PLA) for cartilage replacement in Total Knee Replacement (TKR) using plant-based oils as lubricants. Furthermore, the modifier will be added to plant-based oils as an additive to make them analogous to human bodily fluids. The present paper is applying the Box-Behnken design to optimize the performance and mechanical responses of bio-lubricants toward Polylactic Acid (PLA) as a tibial insert for cartilage replacement in Total Knee Replacement (TKR). The main objective of this paper is to develop an optimized method for the selection of plant-based oil parameters using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to investigate the interactions between the essential factors comprising load (45 kg to 90 kg), speed (60 rpm, 90 rpm and 360 rpm), and concentration (0ml, 5ml and 10ml) of bio-lubricants to accomplish the indicated prospect of using polymer for cartilage replacement. Canola oil, castor oil, and sunflower seed oil are considered vegetable oils, whereas Hyaluronic Acid (HA) is the friction modifier. The parameters are used to create a Box-Behnken design for predicting lubricant anti-wear qualities stated in terms of coefficient of friction, wear rate and frictional force as determined by the pin-on-disk experimental procedure. As a result, the optimization using RSM successfully interpreted the experimental data, according to the analysis of variance, with coefficients of determination of R2 = 0.91 and adjusted R2 = 0.77. The Coefficient of Friction (CoF) and wear rate were investigated following tribological testing. Castor oil had a lower coefficient of friction than canola and sunflower seed oil, according to the findings. In terms of friction reduction, castor oil surpasses canola and sunflower seed oil.

The balance of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in canine, feline, and equine nutrition: exploring sources and the significance of alpha-linolenic acid.

Both n-6 and n-3 fatty acids (FA) have numerous significant physiological roles for mammals. The interplay between these families of FA is of interest in companion animal nutrition due to the influence of the n-6:n-3 FA ratio on the modulation of the inflammatory response in disease management and treatment. As both human and animal diets have shifted to greater consumption of vegetable oils rich in n-6 FA, the supplementation of n-3 FA to canine, feline, and equine diets has been advocated for. Although fish oils are commonly added to supply the long-chain n-3 FA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a heavy reliance on this ingredient by the human, pet food, and equine supplement industries is not environmentally sustainable. Instead, sustainable sourcing of plant-based oils rich in n-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA), such as flaxseed and camelina oils, emerges as a viable option to support an optimal n-6:n-3 FA ratio. Moreover, ALA may offer health benefits that extend beyond its role as a precursor for endogenous EPA and DHA production. The following review underlines the metabolism and recommendations of n-6 and n-3 FA for dogs, cats, and horses and the ratio between them in promoting optimal health and inflammation management. Additionally, insights into both marine and plant-based n-3 FA sources will be discussed, along with the commercial practicality of using plant oils rich in ALA for the provision of n-3 FA to companion animals.

Indonesian Palm Oil Export Analysis

Palm oil is a plantation commodity essential to economic occupation in Indonesia due to its capability to make plant-based oil, which is critical to the manufacturing sector. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting Indonesian palm oil exports between 1990-2019. The methods used in this study are testing regression prerequisites (normality and linearity test), classical assumption (multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation test), and multiple linear regression (F, t, and R2) to analyze the factors that affect Indonesian palm oil exports. Based on the outcomes of the F test, it is evident that palm oil production, the USD exchange rate against the IDR, and the global palm oil price collectively influence palm oil exports. As per the t-test results, both production levels and global palm oil prices significantly impact Indonesian palm oil exports. However, the US dollar to Indonesian rupiah exchange rate does not significantly affect palm oil exports due to its fluctuating nature in both the short and long term. These fluctuations introduce uncertainty for exporters engaged in long-term trade agreements with foreign nations. According to the R2 test results, palm oil production, the USD exchange rate against the IDR, and the world palm oil price had a 96.5% impact on Indonesian palm oil exports.

Boosting cordycepin production through plant-based oils for vegetarian consumption

Boosting cordycepin production through plant-based oils for vegetarian consumption

High use of non-hydrogenated plant source oils and mayonnaise sauce increase the risk of Parkinson disease

ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aimed to assess the contribution of edible/cooking oils and mayonnaise sauce in the severity, motor and non-motor symptoms, and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: In this study, 120 patients with PD and 50 healthy individuals participated. The frequency and quantity of edible/cooking oils including animal and plant source oils (hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated) and mayonnaise sauce used by participants were determined using a food frequency questionnaire. The severity of PD was determined by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Results: Patients with PD had lower use of hydrogenated plant-based oil (HPO) (p < 0.001) and animal oils (p < 0.001) but had higher use of non-hydrogenated plant-based oil (NHPO) (p < 0.001), olive oil (p = 0.02), and mayonnaise sauce (p < 0.001) compared with the healthy subjects. Use of each unit HPO reduced 4% the odds of PD (p = 0.01). The odds of PD increased 20% by each unit increase in NHPO usage (p = 0.001), 49% by olive oil (p = 0.02), and 127% by mayonnaise sauce (p = 0.004) intake. According to receiver operator characteristics curve analysis, mayonnaise sauce and NHPO had the largest area under the curve in predicting PD. Intake of animal oil was positively correlated with total score of UPDRS (p = 0.05) and motor symptoms (p = 0.04). Intake of butter was positively correlated with total score of UPDRS (p = 0.047), nonmotor aspects of experiences of daily living (p = 0.02), and motor examination (p = 0.02). Discussion: The findings indicate that high intake of HPO reduces, while high intake of NHPO, olive oil, and mayonnaise sauce increases the odds of PD.

1H NMR-based metabolomics study of the lipid profile of omega-3 fatty acid supplements and some vegetable oils

Omega-3 fatty acids, which consist of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are crucial for enhancing human health. These three omega-3s are regarded as vital dietary nutrients because it cannot synthesize them on its own. Therefore, they must be obtained through dietary sources. On the other hands, there are concerns regarding the quality and quantity of omega-3 in dietary sources and supplements. In this study, 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis were harnessed for non-destructive profiling of fatty acids in commercially available omega-3 supplements and plant-based oils. Results disclosed substantial disparities in omega-3 content from 8 to over 50 %, with some revealing unexpected adulteration. Notably, in one fish oil sample DHA could not be detected indicating the possibility of adulteration. Additionally, the research delineated the fatty acid composition of plant-based oils, emphasizing variations in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) content among flaxseed, chia seed, and walnut oils. Chia seeds emerged as a rich source of ALA (57–65 %mol), while walnuts contained considerable LA (44–53 % mol). The findings emphasize the power of metabolomics as a rapid and affordable tool for finding omega-3 fatty acids content and adulteration in commercial dietary products.

FRI087 Tuberous Xanthomas And Thrombocytopenia In A Patient With A New Diagnosis Of Sitosterolemia

Abstract Disclosure: S. Grigoryan: None. T. Else: None. Introduction/ Background: Sitosterolemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by increased plasma sterol levels, that can lead to xanthomas, premature atherosclerosis, and hematologic abnormalities. It is most commonly caused by pathogenic variants in either ABCG5 or ABCG8 encoding sterol transporters that excrete sterols, leading to increased intestinal absorption and decreased biliary excretion of plan sterols. While patients with sitosterolemia have elevated LDL cholesterol levels, the pathophysiology of this process is still unclear. Clinical Case: A 46-year-old man presented with tuberous xanthomas and hyperlipidemia (HLD). In the past surgical removal had been attempted, but the lesions recurred. Prior labs: total cholesterol level was 235 mg/dL, triglycerides 85 mg/dL, HDL 61 mg/dL, LDL 157 mg/dL and mild thrombocytopenia (88 -127 K/uL) with giant platelets and anemia. Prior to the initial visit he started 40 mg atorvastatin with a subsequent increase to 80 mg daily. Physical exam was notable for periocular xanthelasmas and tuberous xanthomas. Achilles tendons appeared thickened without nodules. There was no family history of premature cardiac disease. Initial labs: Total cholesterol was 206 mg/dL(ref 120-200 mg/dL), TG mg/dL 66 mg/dl (ref 40-200mg/dL), LDL 119 mg/dL (ref 70-130 mg/dL), HDL 62 mg/dL (ref &amp;gt;40), platelets 111 K/uL (ref 150-400 K/uL) with 27.7% immature fraction, Hb 13.6 g/dL (13.5-17 g/dL). Plasma sterols were significantly elevated, campesterol 182.2 mg/L (ref &amp;lt;8mg/L), cholestanol 20.6 mg/L (ref &amp;lt;6 mg/L ), sitosterol 247.2 mg/L (ref &amp;lt;15mg/L ), stigmasterol 11.5 mg/L (ref &amp;lt;0.5 mg/L), indicative of a diagnosis of sitosterolemia. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) revealed a score of 15 which represents 50-75th percentile for age and gender, indicating CAD disease in the patient. Following the diagnosis of sitosterolemia, the patient started ezetimibe 10 mg daily, atorvastatin was decreased to 40 mg daily given the success at decreasing the LDL. Follow up LDL decreased to 58 mg/dL (48% decrease) and non-HLD to 71 mg/dL (53% decrease). Patient was counseled on dietary modification with a focus on avoidance of plant-based oils as well as referred to medical genetics and a dietician for more in-depth counseling. Genetic confirmation is pending. Conclusion: The global prevalence is estimated to be 1/1,000,000∼5,000,000. However, prevalence is likely underestimated due to the significant clinical and biochemical overlap with other hyperlipidemias and great variations in phenotype. Due to the differences in treatment and dietary counseling, it is important to consider this diagnosis, particularly in patients with typical concurrent hematological abnormalities. Presentation: Friday, June 16, 2023