Plant-based Feed Research Articles

Discarded blue mussel (Mytilus edulis): a feed ingredient that maintains growth performance of juvenile gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) while fishmeal and fish oil are removed

ABSTRACT The total substitution of fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) with sustainable feed ingredients, while maintaining acceptable growth performances and fish composition, is a challenge. Mussels have a high protein content, with essential amino acid and fatty acid (FA) profiles similar to those of FM. This study aimed to assess the potential to rear gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) on a plant-based feed (without FM and FO) to which mussels were added. Subsequent effects on growth performance, protein content, and FA concentrations were studied. Juvenile gilthead seabream were reared for 46 days in water temperature of 21°C, in a recirculated aquaculture system composed of three fish tanks, each corresponding to one treatment: in the FMFO treatment, 342 fish were fed a commercial feed that contained FM and FO; in the plant-based feed (PBF) treatment, 345 fish were fed an experimental feed that contained only plant-based ingredients; in the mussel feed (MF) treatment, 342 fish were fed the feed from PBF supplemented with fresh mussel flesh from which the shells had been removed. Fish weighed a mean of 6.7 ± 1.3 g at stocking in each treatment. At harvest, the mean weight of fish from FMFO and MF were significantly different (23.1 ± 4.3 and 23.1 ± 5.2 g, respectively) than that from PBF (15.5 ± 3.6 g) (p < .05). Compared to the feed from FMFO, the feed from PBF decreased the percentages of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and saturated FA (14:0, 16:0) in fish, but increased those of 18:1, 18:2 n-6 and 18:3 n-3 FA. Compared to the feed from PBF, the feed from MF increased the EPA+DHA concentration in fish by 21%. Thus, adding fresh mussels to a plant-based feed yielded similar growth performances and survival rate as a commercial feed. It also improved the FA composition of fish compared to that of fish fed a plant-based feed.

Evaluation of plant commercial feed additives for equine cyathostomin control

The increasing emergence of anthelmintic-resistant parasitic isolates prompts us to reassess the management of intestinal strongylosis in horses. Additionally, societal demand is shifting toward reducing the use of chemical treatments, aligning with environmentally-friendly practices and the exploration of natural alternatives. In this context, we provide an initial view of the antiparasitic activity and the effect on immune circulating blood cells of three commercialized plant-based feed additives in ponies. Three treatments, based either on mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris), echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) or curcumin (Curcuma longa) were administrated to 18 (six per treatment) Welsh female ponies naturally infected with cyathostomins to mimic their practical use in farming conditions. Another group of six untreated ponies was used as a control. Fecal egg count (FEC), the larval development percentage and the number of red blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils were measured the first and the last day of each treatment, and compared with those characterizing the control group. None of the three treatments showed a significant effect on the studied parameters. Moreover, the efficacy of treatments, measured from the FEC reduction compared to the control group, was weak (≤ 38.6 %). Therefore, these results do not support the practical use of these additives in equine farming, even if the determination of Cohen's d values associated with the three treatments revealed some incidences on FEC and blood immune cell counts, as well as on larval development for mugwort.

The effectiveness of using plant-based feed supplement made of Astragalus cicer in the diets of laying hens

Agricultural producers are increasingly using plant-based feed additives in the diets of livestock and poultry as a way to increase animal productivity and stabilize the protective functions of the body. The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of using Astragalus cicer feed supplement in the diets of laying hens of the Lohmann Brown-Light cross at the age of 25-51 weeks. The composition of the compound feed included a phytoadditive made from Astragalus cicer in the volume: I experimental group – 3.60 %, II experimental – 7.20 % by the weight of the compound feed. The duration of the scientific and production experiment was 183 days. The analysis of the content of biologically active substances in the Astragalus cicer phytoadditive has revealed a high content of dihydroquercetin – 336.25 mg/100g of absolutely dry substance.image As the result of the research, it was found that laying hens of the II experimental group, which received 7.20 % of Astragalus cicer phytoadditive in the compound feed, had more intensive metabolic processes in the body, which contributed to obtaining a greater effect from them. Laying hens of the II experimental group compared with the control and I experimental groups had 2.19 and 2.18 % higher values of nitrogen utilization out of taken feed, egg production was higher by 2.81 and 1.10 %, the cost of compound feed decreased by 10 pcs. eggs, that was by 4.76 and 2.38 %, respectively. The profitability level of egg production in the II experimental group was higher compared with the control and I experimental groups by 3.83 and 5.16%, respectively.

Crops biological protection: Phytopathogens growth inhibition by the entomopathogens

Background: The safety of agrarian preparations used for crop protection is a critical issue. In these regards, the minimization of usage of chemical pesticides containing artificial harmful substances is very important. Thus, the elaboration of innovative harmless biopesticides, based on biological enemies of pests, is very desirable. Microbe-based biopesticides can significantly increase the quality of agricultural production. Objectives: This research aims to develop ecologically safe, entomopathogenic microbe based biopesticides for use in green agriculture to improve agricultural production qualityIt includes the quality of vegetables, cereals, and fruits, as well as meat, milk, and eggs from animals that consume plant-based feed cultivated using recommended methodologies. Context and purpose of this study: This article was devoted to the consideration of bactericide effect of non-cellular extracts of entomopathogens against the various phytopathogens, as the potential prospective innovation for elaboration of plant protection safe biopesticides. Results: The majority of the studied entomopathogens can synthesize the compounds which inhibit the growth of phytopathogens. Entomopathogenic strains BT 2675, BL 200-4, and LS 2728 were found to significantly inhibit the growth of phytopathogens such as Pectobacterium, Xanthomonas, Rhodococcus, Curtobacterium, and Pseudomonas genera. According to spectroscopy the antiphytopathogenic effect is caused by an active component which is probably lipoprotein complex. Further detailed research on this is planned. Conclusions: Non-cellular extracts of entomopathogenic Bacillus are effective against the various plant pathogens. The identified antimicrobial properties of non-cellular extracts of entomopathogenic can be potentially used for the elaboration of plant protection safe biopesticides. Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis (BT), Brevibacillus laterosporus (BL), Lysinibacillus sphaericus (LS), non-cellular extract, phytopathogen, entomopathogen, safe biopesticide

PSI-18 Effects of heat treatment and multi-carbohydrase supplementation on the digestibility of phosphorus in field peas fed to growing pigs

Abstract Most plant-based feed ingredients contain about two-thirds of their total P as phytate. Mineral elements are chelated to phytate or entrapped in plant cell walls, and microbial or enzymatic breakdown of cell walls may be able to release entrapped P, thus leading to improvement of the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P in pigs. Heat treatment is one of the processing methods that improve the digestibility of fiber in various feedstuffs for pigs. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of heat treatment and multi-carbohydrase supplementation on the ATTD and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in peas fed to growing pigs. A total of 18 pigs (23.9 ± 1.3 kg) were assigned to 1 of 3 diets in a completely randomized design to give 6 replicates per diet. Three experimental diets were formulated: 1) non-heated or 2) heat-treated (pelleted) peas as the sole source of P, and 3) heat-treated peas with multi-carbohydrase supplementation. Pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 12 d, including 7 d for adaptation and 5 d for total collection of feces. Pigs were offered their daily ration at 2.8 times their maintenance energy requirement. Samples of ingredients, diets, and feces were analyzed for dry matter, Ca, and P. Fecal samples were analyzed for mixed bacterial mass (MBM) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentrations. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. The statistical model included diet as fixed effect and replicate as random effect. An alpha level of 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance and P ≤ 0.10 was considered a trend. Pigs fed the diet that contained heat-treated peas with carbohydrase supplementation tended to have greater (P &amp;lt; 0.10) ATTD and STTD of P than pigs fed the diet containing heat-treated peas without enzyme. The values of STTD of P were 54.4, 47.3, and 55.0% for diets containing raw peas, heat-treated peas, and heat-treated peas with carbohydrase supplementation, respectively. Heat treatment and enzyme supplementation did not affect the ATTD of Ca in peas fed to growing pigs. No significant differences were observed in fecal MBM-P and VFA concentrations. In conclusion, carbohydrase supplementation tended to increase the digestibility of P in heat-treated peas fed to growing pigs, however, there was no difference in P digestibility between raw and heat-treated peas. Heat treatment and carbohydrase supplementation did not affect fecal MBM-P and VFA concentrations in growing pigs.

Dietary plant flavonoid supplementation for poultry as a potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals and antioxidants: a review

The poultry industry is paying more attention to plant-based feed additives. Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolites derived from fruits, grains, vegetables, herbs, and medicinal plants. One of the most significant environmental stressors affecting the poultry industry worldwide is heat stress, which lowers the quality and safety of production. An imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body’s natural antioxidant defenses leads to oxidative stress in cells. These reactive species can damage proteins, lipids, DNA, and cellular structures. Improving the antioxidant status of poultry bodies by feeding them antioxidant-supplemented feed can increase productivity and health. Plant flavonoid compounds have drawn attention from researchers as possible natural antioxidant sources because of their potential for use as feed additives in poultry production. Numerous studies have demonstrated that dietary flavonoids have strong antioxidant effects and can be utilized as a tonic in poultry to improve health and productivity. Overall, research on the antioxidant capacity of plant flavonoids has generally shown promising results; however, there are still significant issues regarding the detrimental effects of flavonoids to be resolved, and measuring oxidative damage in vivo is challenging. This review summarizes the current understanding of dietary plant flavonoid supplementation for poultry as a potent scavenger of hydroxyl radicals and antioxidants.

Comparative Study of Plant Based Isoproteinous Diets on the Growth Performance of Labeo rohita and Catla catla Fingerlings

The present study was carried out to compare the effect of different plant based protein on the growth performance of Labeo rohita and Catla catla fingerlings. The experiment was designed as two experimental diets and one control group. Control groups contains (Mustard oil cake + Rice bran) whereas, experimental diets T1 (Soybean meal + Corn flour) and T2 (Groundnut meal + Wheat flour), both formulated by using the Pearson square method to maintain protein content of 35%. The result showed that, the best survival and growth performances including SGR, FCR and PER was found in treatment T1(Soybean meal + Corn flour) as compared to other treatments. The findings suggested that the inclusion of Soya bean meal along with Corn flour in the diet led to superior fish growth and overall fish production compared to other plant-based feed ingredients investigated in this study. These results contributed valuable insights into optimizing plant-based diets for enhancing the growth and production efficiency of L. rohita and C. catla fingerlings during aquaculture operations.

Effect of Artemisia absinthium (Asteraceae) and Cobalt Supplementation on Rumen Bacterial Community in Cattle

Background: One of the key tasks of livestock development is to reduce the amount of feed needed for raising and fattening cattle, as well as increase the efficiency of feed use. A possible solution to these problems are plant-based feed additives containing various phytochemical compounds, both individually and together with metallic trace elements, to improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract of animals. The aim of the study was to assess the effect on the microbiota of the cattle rumen of the vegetable feed components Artemisiae absinthil (bitter plant A. absinthium) and CoCl2 (cobalt II chloride). Methods: Study the effect of the herb Artemisia absinthium (A. absinthium) and CoCl2 (cobalt II chloride) on the microbiome of cattle rumen. The studies were conducted on a cannula animal model, Bos taurus (Kazakh white-headed cattle), after feeding an experimental feed additive, A. absinthium, either alone or in combination with CoCl2. The experiment was carried out in four repetitions using a 4 × 4 Latin square. Animals in the I experimental group were additionally given A. absinthium at a dose of 2.0 g/kg of dry matter (DM); in the II experimental group, A. absinthium at a dose of 2.0 g/kgDM with additional CoCl2 (1.5 mg/kgDM); and in the III experimental group, only CoCl2 (1.5 mg/kgDM). The contents of the scar were collected for further analysis, which was performed by high-performance sequencing (NGS) of 16S rRNA gene ampicons. Result: There was difference in the microbiome of the rumen of cattle between the control and experimental groups, both at the level of the phylum’s and at the genus level. The dominant phylum in all groups were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. A study of the microbiome of the rumen revealed groups of microorganisms capable of producing carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyms) and destroying structural hydrocarbons. In the group using A. absinthium, a symbiotic link was established for the genus Akkermansia and the unclassified Bacteroidales linear regression (R2 = 0.93, p = 0.0435) and for the unclassified Ruminococcaceae and the genus Akkermansia (R2 = 0.75, p = 0.05).

Fermentation of Plant-Based Feeds with Lactobacillus acidophilus Improves the Survival and Intestinal Health of Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Reared in a Biofloc System.

This study evaluated the effect of fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus on the biochemical and nutritional compositions of a plant-based diet and its effects on the productive performance and intestinal health of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in a biofloc technology (BFT) system. The in vitro kinetics of feed fermentation were studied to determine the L. acidophilus growth and acidification curve through counting the colony-forming units (CFUs) mL-1 and measuring the pH. Physicochemical and bromatological analyses of the feed were also performed. Based on the microbial growth kinetics results, vegetable-based Nile tilapia feeds fermented for 6 (FPB6) and 18 (FPB18) h were evaluated for 60 days. Fermented diets were compared with a positive control diet containing fishmeal (CFM) and a negative control diet without animal protein (CPB). Fermentation with L. acidophilus increased lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count and the soluble protein concentration of the plant-based feed, as well as decreasing the pH (p < 0.05). FPB treatments improved fish survival compared with CPB (p < 0.05). Fermentation increased feed intake but worsened feed efficiency (p < 0.05). The use of fermented feeds increased the LAB count and reduced pathogenic bacteria both in the BFT system's water and in the animals' intestines (p < 0.05). Fermented plant-based feeds showed greater villi (FPB6; FPB18) and higher goblet cell (FPB6) counts relative to the non-fermented plant-based feed, which may indicate improved intestinal health. The results obtained in this study are promising and show the sustainable potential of using fermented plant-based feeds in fish feeding rather than animal protein and, in particular, fishmeal.

Land for fish: Quantifying the connection between the aquaculture sector and agricultural markets

This study employs a global Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to quantify the effects of aquaculture production on agricultural markets, food prices and land use. We conduct a scenario analysis simulating, first, the fish sector developments expected by FAO; second, a rebuilding of sustainable wild fish stocks to achieve SDG 14; and third, a stronger expansion in aquaculture production with varying fishmeal supply. The results show direct effects of aquaculture production and limited fishmeal supply on agricultural production, land use, and food prices. Substituting fishmeal with plant-based feed when rebuilding sustainable fish stocks has lower effects on agricultural markets than growth in aquaculture production comparable to the first decade of this century. In addition, expanding aquaculture production increases prices for capture fish via fishmeal demand, instead of reducing capture fish prices by substituting consumer demand. Finally, rebuilding sustainable fish stocks has significant adverse effects on food prices in marine fish dependent regions in the southern hemisphere, and these regions need support in the transition period until sustainable fish stocks are achieved. The results of this study illustrate the interconnectedness of SDG 14 (life below water), SDG 15 (life on land) and SDG 2 (zero hunger).

Influence of Krill Meal on the Performance of Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon That Are Fed Plant-Based and Animal-Based Fishmeal and Fish Oil-Free Diets

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of krill meal (KM) inclusion at various levels (0%, 2.5%, 5%) in plant-based and animal-based feeds, that were fishmeal (FM) and fish oil (FO) free, on Atlantic salmon growth. A FM/FO feed containing 0% KM was the control. Using a 2 × 3 factorial approach, diets were randomly assigned to one of 28 0.5 m3 flow-through tanks (n = 4 tanks per diet) initially stocked with 60 fish (148.4 ± 12.9 g; 23.6 ± 0.8 cm; condition factor (K) = 1.16 ± 0.08) each. Salmon were fed for 90 days using automatic feeders ad libitum. On day 45, stocking densities were reduced to 45 fish per tank by the random removal of 15 individuals to remove any potential of density affecting growth through the trial end. Water temperature, oxygen saturation, pH, and salinity throughout the trial were 11.8 °C, 103.5%, 7.38, and 32.0 g L−1, respectively. Fish fed plant-based feed without KM were lighter (p &lt; 0.05) than all other groups at day 45 and 90, but those fed a plant-based feed with KM had comparable growth and feed intake compared to that of fish fed the control diet. Irrespective of the presence of KM, animal-based feeds achieved comparable weight growth (p &gt; 0.05) to the control and 5% KM plant-based groups, with KM increasing feed intake (p &lt; 0.05). Between day 45 and 90, feed conversion ratios increased in all groups except the control and 0% KM plant-based group, while specific growth rates (SGRs) decreased for all except the 0% KM plant-based diet. Between-group differences (p &lt; 0.05) were also noted for the thermal growth coefficient. No differences were recorded in visceral or intestinal weight, and whole-body lipid levels were identical, proportional for all groups. Although differences (p &lt; 0.05) were apparent in the concentrations of individual fillet fatty acids between groups, a 75 g serving size of any treatment would be sufficient to exceed daily intake recommendations for EPA + DHA. This trial determined that benefit, in terms of feed intake and growth performance, was gained when KM was added to plant-based feeds. However, no such advantage was observed when KM was used with animal-based feeds.

Mitigating the Environmental Impacts from Pig and Broiler Chicken Productions: Case Study on a Citrus Extract Feed Additive

The rapid expansion of the livestock production sector to meet the world population’s demand is posing a big challenge to environmental sustainability. Plant-based feed additives extracted from agro-food byproducts could potentially result in multiple outcomes: reducing food-processing wastes and improving animal growth performances, hence mitigating environmental impacts of meat production chains. This presented study was carried out to assess the environmental impacts of the use of a commercial citrus extract feed additive (CEFA) in swine and broiler chicken farming. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to assess the impact of manufacturing and distributing one 25 kg bag of CEFA and its use in feed in broiler chicken and swine productions. With regards to CEFA manufacturing and distribution, results showed that most of the impact came from the production of CEFA ingredients, accounting for 70% of the impact generated. The remaining 30% effect was divided between transportation to the customer (25%), CEFA packaging (3%), and CEFA manufacturing and production loss (2%). When enlarging the scope, the use of the CEFA in pigs and broilers’ diets was shown to improve the measured environmental indicators, compared to such standard systems. Indeed, CEFA-added feeds have demonstrated enhanced growth performances, hence reducing the required amount of consumed feed to achieve the same level of growth. Consequently, this helped reduce environmental issues from animal feed ingredients’ agriculture. To be more specific, the use of one 25 kg bag of CEFA in feed at 250 g per ton of feed led to a reduction of 6 tons of CO2 equivalent (CO2 eq) emitted along the life cycle of poultry production and 5 tons in the case of fattening pigs. The inclusion of this CEFA in the diet also led to a reduction in the land use footprint by 0.7 hectares and reductions in water consumption by 201 m3 and 82 m3 for broiler chicken and swine production, respectively. The environmental performance assessment thus showed the interest in using this CEFA in swine and broiler chicken diets to mitigate the environmental impacts.

PSIII-1 Effect of Cannabidiol Extraction on the Cell Wall Carbohydrate Composition of Hemp Inflorescences

Abstract Since the 2018 Farm Bill, US growers have been allowed to cultivate hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), prompting interest in exploring the use of hemp products in ruminant diets. Extraction of cannabidiol (CBD) oil from hemp biomass generates spent inflorescent material that could be upcycled as a feedstuff, yet little is known about its fiber composition. A recent study measured in vitro true digestibility and fermentation parameters of multiple hemp cultivars, some intact and some CBD-extracted (Altman et al., 2022). Both categories of hemp inflorescence material had similar or greater total digestible nutrients (TDN) than an alfalfa cube control, supporting hemp’s potential as a feedstuff. However, comparisons between non-extracted and CBD-extracted samples could not be made, and the fiber content was only described as neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Fiber composition can significantly impact ruminal digestibility, and in-depth characterizations of cell wall carbohydrate composition can provide further insight into the digestibility of a specific plant-based feed. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effect of CBD oil extraction on the cell wall carbohydrate composition of the inflorescent material of two hemp cultivars. Intact (Biomass) and CBD-extracted (Spent) inflorescent material from two hemp cultivars, Mary and Zelios, were analyzed. The scell wall monosaccharides of the samples were released via two complementary acid hydrolyses, methanolysis and Saeman (sulfuric acid) hydrolysis, and separated and quantified using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Additionally, the carbohydrate linkage patterns were assessed by generating partially methylated alditol acetates (PMAAs). Student’s unpaired t-tests were run in GraphPad Prism, and no differences (P &amp;gt; 0.05) in monosaccharide concentrations based upon treatment (CBD extraction) or cultivar were found with either hydrolysis method except for the methanolysis glucose concentration between the biomass forms of the two cultivars where Mary Biomass possessed more glucose than Zelios Biomass (P &amp;lt;b0.001). In the Saeman hydrolysates, glucose was the dominant monosaccharide (38.75 ± 1.44 molar %), indicating a large amount of cellulose, supported by the presence of 1,4-Glcp in the linkage analysis. Linkage analysis also revealed the presence of xyloglucans and rhamnogalacturonan Type 1 pectins in all materials. The data showed no effect of CBD oil extraction on the monosaccharide composition, suggesting that the extraction process leaves the fiber components mostly intact, but there may be differences in glucose concentration (and consequently cellulose content) between cultivars of hemp. Future studies may benefit more from investigating the impact of hemp cultivar on fiber digestibility rather than impact of the CBD extraction process.

Circular economy for aquatic food systems: insights from a multiscale phosphorus flow analysis in Norway

As wild-caught fish become scarce, feed ingredients for farming fish, such as salmon, are increasingly sourced from agricultural plants that depend on mineral fertilizers. Since these fish are naturally carnivorous, they have difficulty digesting the phosphorus in plant-based feed. So additional phosphorus supplements are added to the feed, resulting in a disproportionate increase in mineral phosphorus use and emission. Aquatic food production is increasingly relying on agriculture and mineral phosphorus resources. The feed surplus and the excreta are seldom collected and recycled, leading to a massive loss of nutrients to water bodies and the seafloor, resulting in local risk for eutrophication. Norway currently produces more than half of the world’s Atlantic salmon, and it is set to increase production from currently 1.5 to 5 Mt. in 2050. This has large implications for feed supply and emissions globally. There is a lack of studies that analyze the phosphorus system in aquatic food production at a sufficient spatial and temporal granularity to effectively inform interventions for a more circular use of phosphorus. Here, we present a multi-scale phosphorus flow analysis at monthly resolution ranging between 2005 and 2021 for aquatic food production in Norway and quantitatively discuss the effectiveness of alternative strategies for improving resource efficiency. The results indicate that P emissions from aquaculture have nearly doubled in the period between 2005 and 2021. The P use efficiency (PUE) in Norwegian aquaculture was 19% in 2021. The addition of phytase to the feed could improve the PUE by 8% by reducing P supplements and emissions by 7 kt/y. The use of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture close to fish farming sites could absorb emissions by 4 kt/y by creating new marine food products. Sludge collection systems could reduce P emissions by 4 to 11 kt/y, depending on the technology. Using the sludge in local agriculture would exacerbate the current P accumulation in soils close to the coastline, given that the animal density in this region is already high. Hence, a large and sophisticated processing infrastructure will be needed to create transportable, high-quality secondary fertilizers for effective sludge recycling in regions with a P deficit.

Factors Supporting the Success of Artificial Insemination in Beef Cattle in East Langsa District Langsa City

Cattle farming plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and meeting the protein requirements of humans. It is not only appealing due to its simplicity in care but also because it can make use of plant-based feed. Artificial insemination (AI) can be employed to boost the cattle population. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing the success of AI in beef cattle within the East Langsa District of Langsa City. The sampling method utilized was purposive sampling, involving 42 respondents. Statistical analysis involved classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing to identify the factors impacting the success of AI in beef cattle. Data processing was conducted using the SPSS computer software. The results revealed that the AI tool variables (X2), including inseminator origin, inseminator service, AI success rate, and AI equipment, had a significant effect (significance value 0.010) on the success of artificial insemination (Y). Similarly, the inseminator variable (X4), involving inseminator ability without special education, AI special education, inseminator ability to detect cattle in heat, and the inseminator's capability to insert frozen semen into the uterus even when the animal is not in heat, demonstrated a significant impact. Conversely, examining the livestock condition variable (X1), such as no sick cows in the last year, cows in good health before AI, and yearly calving, did not exhibit a significant effect (significance value 0.816). Further research is urgently required, incorporating additional variables to strengthen the factors that can enhance artificial insemination and increase livestock production.

P33 | Whole transcriptome analysis of plant‐based feed additive treated Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and TherapeuticsVolume 46, Issue S1 p. 101-101 POSTER PRESENTATIONS P33 | Whole transcriptome analysis of plant-based feed additive treated Brachyspira hyodysenteriae First published: 11 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13312Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume46, IssueS1Special Issue: 15th International Congress of the European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology held Bruges, Belgium, July 2–5, 2023June 2023Pages 101-101 RelatedInformation

O25 | Whole transcriptome analysis of Clostridium perfringens treated with a plant‐based feed additive

Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and TherapeuticsVolume 46, Issue S1 p. 40-40 ORAL PRESENTATIONS O25 | Whole transcriptome analysis of Clostridium perfringens treated with a plant-based feed additive First published: 11 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.13191Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume46, IssueS1Special Issue: 15th International Congress of the European Association for Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology held Bruges, Belgium, July 2–5, 2023June 2023Pages 40-40 RelatedInformation

Integrated Microbiota and Metabolome Analysis to Assess the Effects of the Solid-State Fermentation of Corn-Soybean Meal Feed Using Compound Strains.

Solid-state fermentation is known to improve plant-based feed nutritional quality; however, the association between microbes and metabolite production in fermented feed remains unclear. We inoculated corn-soybean-wheat bran (CSW) meal feed with Bacillus licheniformis Y5-39, Bacillus subtilis B-1, and lactic acid bacteria RSG-1. Then, 16S rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomic profiling were applied to investigate changes in the microflora and metabolites, respectively, and their integrated correlations during fermentation were assessed. The results indicated that trichloroacetic acid soluble protein levels showed a sharp increase, while glycinin and β-conglycinin levels showed a sharp decrease in the fermented feed, as confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Pediococcus, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus were predominant in the fermented feed. Overall, 699 significantly different metabolites were identified before and after fermentation. Arginine and proline, cysteine and methionine, and phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolism were the key pathways, with arginine and proline metabolism being the most important pathway in the fermentation process. By analyzing the correlation between the microbiota and metabolite production, lysyl-valine and lysyl-proline levels were found to be positively correlated with Enterococcus and Lactobacillus abundance. However, Pediococcus was positively correlated with some metabolites contributing to nutritional status and immune function. According to our data, Pediococcus, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus mainly participate in protein degradation, amino acid metabolism, and lactic acid production in fermented feed. Our results provide new insights into the dynamic changes in metabolism that occurred during the solid-state fermentation of corn-soybean meal feed using compound strains and should facilitate the optimization of fermentation production efficiency and feed quality.

Mucosal bacteriomes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestines are modified in response to dietary phytase

Global aquaculture has seen an unprecedented expansion in recent years partly due to “functional feeds” that is known to improve feed utilization, fish growth performance and resilience to infectious disease. Nevertheless, a knowledge gap exists about how dietary phytase might influence intestinal bacteriomes of farmed fish. We therefore performed 16S rRNA gene-based community profiling. The remarkably uniform mucosal bacteriomes of rainbow trout (median Bray-Curtis similarity index 0.76 ± 0.09) fed the control diet were dominated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from putative phytase producing genera Lactococcus and Leuconostoc that likely originated from plant-based feed ingredients. Mucosal bacteriomes developed into uniform communities instead dominated by Mycoplasma-bacteria (median Bray-Curtis similarity index 0.55 ± 0.13) in response to the optimal amount of dietary phytase (0.15 g/kg feed). Both community types had a similar median species richness with 933 ± 301 and 1005 ± 678 bacterial taxa, respectively. A functional genomics analysis revealed that especially genes for amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism/transport were enriched in the LAB-dominated mucosal bacteriomes supporting their role as providers of otherwise inaccessible nutrients from for example dietary fibres. In contrast, only genes for energy production and conversion were marginally enriched in Mycoplasma-dominated communities. It is plausible that a combination of nutrient and mucosal space/attachment site competition is behind the observed shift in mucosal communities. Our results confirm previous reports that dietary phytase improve significantly both fish growth performance and feed utilization (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary phytase is recommended for use in aquaculture as the enzyme apparently can facilitate the establishment of beneficial Mycoplasma-dominated bacteriomes in the intestinal mucosa of farmed rainbow trout.

Dietary Wheat Gluten Alters the Gut Microbiome and Plasma Taurine Levels in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Incorporating environmentally sustainable plant-based protein sources into aquafeeds is a priority for the aquaculture industry. Wheat gluten as a plant protein source has been successfully integrated into feeds for several fish species. However, unique nutritional requirements and the potential for intolerances necessitate the evaluation of plant-based diets by species. Previous work by our laboratory indicated that wheat gluten at less than 4% inclusion in a compound feed had a negative impact on growth and survival rate in juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum). In the current study, we evaluated the effects of wheat gluten inclusion in a plant-based diet in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). No major differences were observed in terms of growth rate, plasma biochemical parameters, detectable induction of plasma IgM, IgT, or factors capable of binding gliadin in response to the inclusion of 4% dietary wheat gluten. However, plasma levels of taurine doubled in the fish fed wheat gluten, and there were considerable changes to the intestinal microbiome. Despite these measurable changes, the data suggest that dietary inclusion of 4% wheat gluten is well tolerated by juvenile European sea bass in a plant-based feed formulation.