Plano Piloto Research Articles

“Capitality” beyond the Capital City? Brasília and Its Satellite Towns

In 1960, Brasília replaced Rio de Janeiro as the capital city of Brazil. Although the planned urban core of Brasília—the so-called Plano Piloto—has been the subject of many in-depth studies, the urban history of the settlements on its outskirts—its satellite towns—remains underexplored to date. The national official discourse tended to either neglect the problematic conditions of satellite towns or picture them as part of the hardships that workers bravely put up with for the sake of lofty ideals. Based on 83 interviews recorded by the Public Archive of Brasília between 1995 and 2005, this article analyzes narratives on social practices and experiences that configured the urban spaces of satellite towns and provided them with new significance. It also investigates how people elaborated their memories and appropriated topics from institutionalized history to make points on their present-day needs and demands. Rather than seeing the “capitality” of Brasília as the product of a top-down political project, this article deems it to be a complex cultural artifact shaped by multiple perspectives and experiences, themselves informed by the discourses and practices of modernization.

COVID impact on usage of public spaces in Brasilia, Brazil

COVID 19 has proved to be a challenging time worldwide. For the last three years, academics have researched its impacts through different lenses and perspectives in many significant fields. In the urban academic realm, there has been a growing debate on the potential change in behavior towards public space usage during the pandemic. After compulsory confinent, public spaces became under the mainstream debate of the importance of public spaces for livelihood in times of crisis. Still, assessing its impacts on public space is still not widely done, neither quantitatively nor qualitatively. This research brings Brasilia as a study case to understand whether the pandemic has affected the usage of the iconic abundance of green spaces of the capital city on the first 18 months, before the introduction of vaccination. Brasilia as a garden-city, a concept brought by the modern urban design movement, has always faced criticism for its hygienist design and the ample provision of green spaces. The garden-city features was put to a test after COVID 19 through the analysis of five different types of public spaces using surveys and interviews with local residents of Plano Piloto (n=147). The results show that during the pandemic the usage of local neighborhood parks within walking distance has indeed increased. People tend to use these spaces for exercising but most importantly to socialize with friends and family.

Children’s mobility in a failed utopia (Brasília, Brazil)

This study explores children’s mobility and transportation on their routes from home to school and back home in Brasília, the fully planned capital of Brazil. The research is based on Federal District statistical data and workshops conducted with 243 children who attended a government-run elementary school located in the Plano Piloto of Brasília. Results show 15.8% of children below twelve years old of the 229,073 who attend schools in the Federal District travel to a region far from their local neighbourhoods. 35% of those studying in other regions (22,485) go to the Plano Piloto. Children’s transportation and mobility predominantly among poor elementary school children is highly complex and different from the simple pendulum movement reported in origin–destination surveys. We conclude that the utopia planned for Brasília was not achieved because of the urban structure that banished the poorest people to the periphery, and because of the poor quality of schools in these neighbourhoods. The long daily commute that most children must make is the result of these failures.

A preliminary vascular flora of the Parque Ecológico Ermida Dom Bosco, Distrito Federal, Brazil

The area known as Parque Ermida Dom Bosco on the shores of the Paranoá Lake, 7.8 km from the centre of Brasília (Rodoviária do Plano Piloto), Distrito Federal, Brazil, is a preservation area of Monumento Natural category (since 2019), and one of the few protected areas of the Distrito Federal without a floristic list. Collecting focused on the vascular flora and was undertaken as monthly, 1-day events from August of 2017 to August of 2018. Our study identified 293 species, of which half (50%) were distributed among just seven botanical families: Fabaceae (42 species), Asteraceae (31 spp.), Malpighiaceae (19 spp.), Myrtaceae (19 spp.), Lamiaceae (14 spp.), Poaceae (12 spp.), and Euphorbiaceae (8 spp.), a result that is congruent with the known Cerrado flora. Anemopaegma goyazense (Bignoniaceae) was recorded from a protected area in the Distrito Federal for the first time; other regional species with narrow geographic distributions recorded were Mimosa gatesiae (Fabaceae), Myrcia capitata and Myrcia federalis (Myrtaceae).

Cinema e memória urbana

A aproximadamente sete quilômetros do Plano Piloto de Brasília, margeando uma das principais vias de ligação entre este e outras cidades do Distrito Federal (DF), se encontra a Cidade Estrutural. Sua história remete aos primeiros anos de existência da nova capital, quando alguns catadoras(es), enxergando na reciclagem uma forma de sustento, se estabeleceram na região. Seu processo de consolidação como cidade foi longo e complexo. O documentário Estrutural, dirigido por Webson Dias e lançado em 2016, utiliza-se de diversas fontes (fotografias, vídeos, depoimentos, peças publicitárias) para tentar entender e narrar a história dessa cidade. O presente artigo tem o intuito de tecer narrativas possíveis sobre a formação da Cidade Estrutural a partir do diálogo entre o filme de Dias e parte da produção acadêmica sobre essa ocupação urbana. Para tanto, será proposta uma articulação entre os conceitos de território, experiência e memória, entendendo como, nas intersecções desses conceitos, torna-se possível compreender as disputas políticas e territoriais representadas no documentário Estrutural e as imagens de cidade que emergem a partir dessas representações.

ANALYSIS OF POSSIBLE AREAS FOR RAIN GARDENS IMPLEMENTATION IN PLANO PILOTO, BRASÍLIA - DF

Abstract. The rainwater is a crucial element in the hydrologic cycle, however, due to human impacts in the environment, this cycle does not work as it should. Roads, highways, buildings, and other kinds of constructions are necessary in a community. These paved areas rely on build drainage systems to function properly, otherwise, the areas impact the waterway and consequently cause serious flooding, such as the ones near to Banco do Brasil, that is a recurring case of flooding’ over the last few years. In large cities, the lack of sustainable and green stormwater infrastructure is marked; That is why this study applies to the area of Plano Piloto - Brasília DF. The identification of these possible flooding areas was performed by analyzing the density and drainage order of the region, along with the calculation of the topographic factor (LS), belonging to the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Thus, this research aimed to locate the ideal areas for the implantation of rain gardens; A shallow depression to capture, temporarily pond, and absorb run-off water from impervious surfaces, for instance roofs and pavement, as Cityofames has shown (2016).

Cleogonus insulcatus Fiedler, 1954 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): first report in Brazil and a new host plant record, Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos

The purple trumpet tree [Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. Ex DC.) Mattos - Bignoniaceae] is one of the most prominent tree species in the Brazilian Federal District, with more than 150 trees in the Plano Piloto region of Brasília. In March 2017, weevils (Coleoptera) were observed in ripe fruits of purple trumpet trees feeding on already dried seeds. The objective of this paper is to report and describe the main damage to seeds and pods of H. impetiginosus in Brasília, Brazil, caused by this beetle. The insect was identified as Cleogonus insulcatus Fiedler, 1954 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Of the 126 fruits analyzed, 104 exhibited predation by C. insulcatus (82.5%) and 377 larvae were collected inside the pods feeding on the seeds. This is the first report of C. insulcatus in Brazil and the first record of damage to H. impetiginosus pods and seeds caused by this insect.

Urbanização do território como uma convergência de interesses no Distrito Federal, Brasil

A cidade resulta da ação empreendida pelos atores e é produto da convergência de interesses que transmutam o espaço em mercadoria. Logo, qual é o papel de agentes públicos e privados na produção do espaço? Como estratégias de reprodução do capital, em especial o imobiliário, impactam nas áreas urbanas tombadas? A partir do pressuposto de que a urbanização do território resulta da convergência de interesses de diversas ordens, busca-se investigar a participação do poder público e privado como agentes de formação e de transformação espacial. Para responder estas questões, toma-se o processo de urbanização do Distrito Federal - DF do Brasil, com foco na Área de Tutela do Bem Tombado do Plano Piloto de Brasília, considerando como recorte espacial de análise o Guará (RA-X).

Deaths from HIV/AIDS in aged adults in the Federal District: an analysis from 2007 to 2016

Introduction: Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Brazil experienced a significant increase in the last decade among individuals aged over 60 years. This scenario indicates the need to know the mortality profile from AIDS in aged adults, in order to promote educational and preventive actions, in addition to professional development to improve the care provided to these patients. Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of aged adults who died of AIDS in the Federal District (FD) from 2007 to 2016. Methods: This is a descriptive ecological study, based on secondary data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System, obtained through the Health Situation Analysis and Data Management of the Health Department of the FD. The analysis was carried out in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Deaths occurred more frequently among men (74.1%), especially those aged from 60 to 69 years (70.4%). The gender ratio was 2.85. Most of them only had primary school education (42.0%), were married or in a common-law marriage (43.0%), and were white/Caucasian (52%). Regarding the place of residence, Plano Piloto was the place with the highest incidence (45.7%), followed by Ceilândia (12.3%) and Taguatinga (8.6%). Conclusion: It was found that AIDS, among aged adults, follows the national trend, occurring most frequently in older males, demonstrating that it is necessary to improve the implementation of prevention practices among this population. It is necessary to better study AIDS-related stigma and prejudice barriers, both among older adults and health professionals, to overcome them, to increase life expectancy of these patients and to improve their quality of life.

Análise do potencial de redução do consumo de água potável pelo aproveitamento de águas pluviais e reúso de águas cinzas na Rodoviária do Plano Piloto de Brasília - DF

Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar os usos-finais de água da Rodoviária do Plano Piloto de Brasília e, com isso, realizou uma análise comparativa do potencial de redução de água potável entre sistemas de aproveitamento de águas pluviais e sistemas de reúso de águas cinzas em diferentes cenários de usos não potáveis. Para tanto, o desenvolvimento do estudo foi dividido em duas etapas: i) levantamento de dados de consumo; e ii) avaliação do potencial de redução do consumo de água por meio do aproveitamento da água pluvial e do reúso de águas cinzas na Rodoviária do Plano Piloto. Os resultados demonstraram que cerca de 80% do consumo anual de água da rodoviária é proveniente dos usos de água para lavagem de pisos, vasos sanitários e mictórios (3.229 m³). Com base nos dados coletados de frequências de usos, população que utilizou o banheiro e vazão dos equipamentos foi possível gerar indicadores de consumo de água lavatório (0,18 l/p/d), vaso sanitário (0,54 l/p/d), mictórios (0,13 l/p/d), lavagem de pisos (0,41 l/m²/dia) e de banheiros (0,05 l/m²/dia). Baseado nos dados coletados, foi possível estimar o potencial de redução do consumo de água potável pelo aproveitamento de águas pluviais e reúso de águas cinzas em limpeza de pisos (Cenário 1), para descarga de vasos sanitários e mictórios (Cenário 2) e descarga em vasos sanitários, mictórios e para limpeza de pisos (Cenário 3). Em geral, sistemas de aproveitamento de água pluvial promoveram maiores reduções no consumo de água potável, variando de 601 a 3.229 m3/ano.

It is not what I planned for my life . Occupations of live-in domestic workers

Introduction: In Brazil, nearly 20% of women in the country are domestic workers. Domestic work has a restrictive nature that can lead to occupational deprivation and occupational marginalization. This may be the case of live-in domestic workers in Brazil. Objective: Our research question was: What are Brazilian domestic workers’ experiences in participating in their occupations in everyday life? Method: A qualitative phenomenological was carried out and thought purposive sampling 5 participants were selected in the Plano Piloto region, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Data was collected through face-face interviews and analyzed using Systematic Text Condensation. Results: The data analysis yielded one theme and two categories. The theme, Grappling with being a domestic worker, described the domestic workers ongoing confrontations and tensions experienced in their daily lives. This experience of wresting with the influence of being a domestic worker was constituted through two categories, namely a sense of ‘Belonging to the labor role’ and ‘Exceptionalism: a employers’ negotiation tactic’. Conclusion: Our work contributes to a critical perspective of occupation. We focus on how historical, social and political factors contribute to creating oppressive environments that influences domestic workers as people who are part of a marginalized group. This occurs in the way that their occupations are constructed in their doing in every-day life.

AVALIAÇÃO DA ROTULAGEM DE SUPLEMENTOS ENERGÉTICOS EM BRASÍLIA

RESUMO Introdução: A legislação brasileira dispõe de regulamentação para a comercialização de suplementos para atletas. Nesse contexto, um dos suplementos muito utilizados para atletas são os energéticos ricos em carboidratos, os quais são excelentes fontes de energia para o exercício. Objetivo: Avaliar a adequação da rotulagem de suplementos energéticos à base de carboidratos comercializados em Brasília, Distrito Federal, de acordo com a legislação vigente. Métodos: Foram avaliados rótulos de produtos comercializados em farmácias e lojas de suplementos nutricionais na região do Plano Piloto de Brasília. As informações avaliadas nos rótulos foram uso pretendido do produto, composição específica, presença de frase obrigatória e ausência de imagens e expressões proibidas de acordo com a Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada número 18/2010 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Resultados: Foram catalogados 60 produtos nacionais e importados. Verificou-se que 75% da amostra apresentaram algum item em desacordo com a resolução. A presença da frase obrigatória em negrito e em destaque foi o item com maior percentual de inadequação (73,3%). Além disso, houve casos de a declaração obrigatória estar redigida com significado oposto. Todos os suplementos atenderam à legislação no que se refere ao teor mínimo de carboidratos relativo ao valor energético total do produto e à quantidade mínima de carboidratos na porção do produto. Conclusões: Considerando-se que 75% dos suplementos à base de carboidratos apresentaram inadequação de rotulagem e que a inadequação mais frequente foi a ausência ou redação incorreta da frase obrigatória nos rótulos dos suplementos, conclui-se que esse tipo de irregularidade atende aos interesses da indústria e não necessariamente aos interesses do consumidor. A presença da declaração obrigatória no produto é um requisito facilmente fiscalizável, portanto, destaca-se a necessidade de fiscalização na comercialização dos suplementos energéticos. Nível de Evidência III; Análises econômicas e de decisão - Desenvolvimento de modelo econômico ou de decisão.

Psicologia escolar e gestão democrática: atuação em escolas públicas de Educação Infantil

Este trabalho parte da experiência de uma das autoras como psicóloga escolar de uma Associação Pró-Educação do Plano Piloto do DF. Com base na Constituição Federal, que estabelece a gestão democrática como princípio para o ensino público, objetivamos construir uma proposta de atuação do psicólogo escolar para a gestão democrática em escolas públicas de Educação Infantil. A pesquisa consistiu de dois momentos: (1) entrevistas com 3 ex-psicólogas da Associação e produção de relato de vivência profissional da pesquisadora; (2) entrevistas com 17 gestores e 2 psicólogas das escolas públicas de Educação Infantil do Plano Piloto do DF e com uma coordenadora regional do serviço de psicologia. Defende-se uma atuação cotidiana do psicólogo junto aos membros da escola em diferentes ações, tais como: construção do projeto político pedagógico, mediação das relações interpessoais, escuta dos não ditos nos diálogos, olhar diferenciado para a singularidade dos sujeitos e compreensão da diversidade do desenvolvimento humano.

Crime in a planned city: The case of Brasília

Brasília, the capital of Brazil, offers an interesting ground to study crime factors. The central area (Plano Piloto) is characterized by greater concentration of economic activities and stricter planning, which leads to lower population density and higher income than most places in the periphery. Using an econometric model to analyze 2years of crime data for 27 divisions of the Brasília region, we find that higher overall crime rates in the Plano Piloto are related to the concentration of commercial activities, vertical housing, lower density and greater population size, while lower burglary rates reflect the predominance of vertical housing.

Arquitecturas extranjeras en Brasilia. Le Corbusier, A&P Smithson y Scharoun en el paisaje moderno suramericano

Brasilia supports its urban design on the architectural quality of its buildings, fact that is always relevant to citizens in order to defend the value of their modern arcadia. There is a modern architecture for a modern urbanism. Here, we will approach the architecture projected for Brasilia by foreign architects, who contributed to increase the heritage in the landscape, the urban development and the architecture founded by Roberto Burle-Marx, Lucio Costa and Oscar Niemeyer, promoting the idea that, at least the Plano Piloto, would be designed by exceptional creators. The study of these projects, named the embassies of three European world powers and cradles of the modern universal movement, allows the simultaneous analysis of the modern movement’s evolution, including its depoliticizing that meant the jump to the American continent in the post-war period. This coincidence that is spatial, temporary and programmatically of three generations of modern masters (Costa and Niemeyer included), is the only case in South-America, comparable to the European experiences like it Hansa’s Berlin neighbourhood, headquarters of the Interbau of 1957, or the experimental neighbourhood Weissenhof in Stuttgart, made almost half century before, in 1927. Key words: embassies, landscape architecture, modernity, brutalism, Le Corbusier, Smithson, Scharoun, Burle-Marx.

Consequences of the Plano Piloto: The Urban Development and Land Markets of Brasília

Much has been written about what is perhaps the largest and most important city built entirely in the 20th century. By some, Brasília is seen as the epitome of modernism's failure and, by others, simply an example of an overregulated city unable to cope with rapid urbanisation and population growth. This paper argues that Brasília is not a typical case. The spatial structure of the metropolitan region of Brasília is completely different from comparable regions in Brazil and its land market exhibits several distinct patterns. Furthermore, it is argued that the region's unique origin and restrictive urban land development policies have led to the current sprawling form of the region. It is concluded that the urban form of Brasília is detrimental to the quality of life of its residents as it leads to higher housing and transport costs.

Consulta aos rótulos de alimentos e bebidas por freqüentadores de supermercados em Brasília, Brasil

To investigate whether adults who shop in supermarkets in one part of Brasilia, the capital city of Brazil, use the information contained in food and beverage labels, as well as to characterize this usage. This study was done in five supermarkets in the Plano Piloto (Pilot Plan) central core area of Brasilia. The research was carried out in two stages: (1) a quantitative stage, based on a cross-sectional study, during which 250 individuals were randomly selected and surveyed in the supermarkets; and (2) a qualitative stage, in which 25 individuals who had participated in the first stage underwent more extensive individual interviews. Of the 250 persons surveyed, 187 of them (74.8%) reported that they usually read food and beverage labels. However, only 25.7% of the consumers who consulted the labels did so for all foods and beverages. Of the persons who read the labels, the majority (59.9%) only read the labels for specific foods, including milk, dairy products, canned foods, sausages, and diet products. The information that shoppers most often wanted to know from the labels was the number of calories and the fat and sodium content. Our study shows the need to utilize our findings in improving the existing educational strategies for promoting healthy eating. We suggest that consumers, food producers, and food distributors all be involved in developing strategies for nutrition education.

Contribuições da vegetação nos microclimas urbanos de uma Superquadra do Plano Piloto de Brasília

O trabalho visa identificar a contribuição da vegetação nos microclimas urbanos. Para tanto utiliza o exemplo da Superquadra 108 sul do Plano Piloto de Brasília, que possui elevada ambiência de agradabilidade e conforto e representa exemplo acabado do conceito original de superquadra criado por Lúcio Costa. Foram analisados dentro deste espaço, três pontos representativos da distribuição da vegetação, com gradação crescente de porcentagem de áreas verdes, considerando a superfície dos materiais. A análise foi realizada em doisperíodos representativos para o clima de de Brasília, o período da seca (maio a setembro) e o período chuviso (outubro a março), por meio de medições em campo e simulações computacionais com o programa ENVI-met, modelo tridimensional que simula microclimas urbanos. Pelos dados encontrados, foi possível constatar a importância da arborização na amenização dos microclimas urbanosao diminuir de 52.84ºC para 28.74ºC a temperatura superficial de determinados materiais. Concluiu-se também que somente superfícies gramadas não resultam em melhorias sigficativas no conforto ambiental urbano no período da seca.