Planimeter Research Articles

CT findings of post-pneumonectomy patients

CT findings following pneumonectomy were studied in 28 cases with lung cancer. A total of 53 CT images were evaluated in 13 right pneumonectomy cases and 15 left pneumonectomy patients. The postpneumonectomy pleural space (PS), thoracic space of the operated site (TS) and the thoracic space of the non-operated site (CTS) were measured at 3 slice levels of the brachiocephalic level, subcarinal level and lower pulmonary vein level, using a digital planimeter. There was no significant difference in the TS/CTS ratio, between the right pneumonectomy group and the left pneumonectomy group, but the PS/TS ratio in the left pneumonectomy group was smaller than that in the right pneumonectomy group (p less than 0.01). The PS/TS ratio in both groups and the TS/CTS ratio in the right pneumonectomy group were decreased with time. In the left pneumonectomy group, the TS/CTS ratio was greater in the median sternotomy group that of the posterolateral thoracotomy group (p less than 0.01). Residual pleural effusion was accompanied with a thin circulating lesion along the outer surface. This lesion had been reported as thickening of the parietal pleura, but it could be detected in the case of panpleuropneumonectomized state. Additionally, in some cases, the parietal pleural imaging could be separated from the circulating lesion. So, this structure was thought to be mainly composed of organized effusion. CT images could detect some parts of the episodes in post operated thorax, because of the lack of the information with the sagittal direction. However, the recognition of the common changes and images on CT after the operation might be helpful for the follow-up of the patients.

ヒト直立時重心動揺記録図の囲にょう面積とく形面積との相関

The area of sway, which is believed to be one of the most important parameters reflecting standing ability, be measured by planimeter. The Japanese Equilibrium Research Association recommends that. On the other hand, the product of the maximum widths in both X and Y directions is also used, since measurement by planimeter is difficult to use clinically. This paper aims to clarify the relationship between two methods. The area measured by plani meter and the product of the maximum widths in both X and Y directions are called A and B, respectively.Statokinesigrams of 500 patients aged 5 to 80 years with eyes open and eyes closed were analyzed and the correlation between A amd B was analyzed statisticaliv.1 ) With regression analysis, the correlation coefficient of A associated with B was determined to be: r=0.953 in the group with eyes open, r=0.968 in the group with eyes closed. Relationships between A and B in both groups were statistically significant at the level of 0.001.2) The data were fitted to the following regression equation: Y=0.443X-20.47 in the group with eyes open, Y=0.441X-5.689 in the group with eyes closed. (X=B, Y=A) The regression coefficients in both groups were significant (P<0.001).It is concluded that the area of a square, which encloses the figure of the sway, can be used as a substitute for the area measured by using a planimeter statistically. However, it is necessary to measure the area of the body sway by using a planimeter in some individuals directly, since the ratios of A to B showed values from 17.7 to 68.7 per cent.

Growth of the nasopharynx and adenoid development from one to eighteeen years.

1. The dimensions of the nasopharynx, the adenoids and the nasopharyngeal airway were analyzed in twelve subjects selected from the longitudinal growth study of the Child Research Council of Denver. 2. The nasopharyngeal area was defined by four skeletally defined lines which formed a trapezoid. The nasopharyngeal area was divided into an adenoid-pharyngeal wall and airway areas which were measured using a polar planimeter. The trapezoid analysis proved to be a useful technique for quantification of nasopharyngeal dimensions. 3. The growth of the nasopharynx from nine months to 18 years was established and reflected the different growth patterns of males and females. 4. The sphenoid line/palatal line angle (theta) and nasopharyngeal depth were established early in life and contributed little to the increase of nasopharyngeal area. The increase in nasopharyngeal area corresponded to the descent of the palate from the sphenoid bone which increased nasopharyngeal height. 5. Restriction of the nasopharyngeal airway frequently occurred during the pre- and early school years due to adenoid hypertrophy which exceeded the usual increase in nasopharyngeal capacity. 6. The nasopharyngeal airway increased during pre- and early adolescence due to the concurrent increase in nasopharyngeal area and adenoid involution. 7. Ten subjects had a history of tonsil and adenoid surgery, but of these only five demonstrated what appeared to be complete removal of nasopharyngeal and adenoid tissue as seen on postsurgical radiographs. The possibility that surgical technique may be the critical factor in the completeness of adenoid removal is presented. 8. The mandibular angle did not apear to be affected by periods of nasopharnygeal airway obstruction is any of the subjects in this study. However, an expanded longitudinal study would be required to determine if restriction of the nasopharyngeal airway influences facial form and occlusion.

An Airflow Planimeter for Measuring the Area of Detached Leaves

An Airflow Planimeter for Measuring the Area of Detached Leaves

Integration of "orifice head" charts by means of special planimeters

Two special planimeters are described which enable the charts of recording flow-meters to be integrated much more readily than is possible when ordinary area measuring or radial planimeters are used. The use of the radial planimeter for integrating head charts is also described.

XLVII. The “slip-curves” of an Amsler planimeter

XLVII. <i>The “slip-curves” of an Amsler planimeter</i>

The "No-Rolling" Curves of Amsler's Planimeter

The "No-Rolling" Curves of Amsler's Planimeter

Amsler's Planimeter

There are many proofs of the principle of this planimeter, but all that are accessible to me seem a little beyond the grasp of many students who use the instrument. It seems worth while, therefore, to notice the following proof, which, to the best of my knowledge, is new.