Planet Host Research Articles

The missing rings around Solar System moons

Context. Rings are complex structures that surround various bodies within the Solar System, such as giant planets and certain minor bodies. While some formation mechanisms could also potentially promote their existence around (regular or irregular) satellites, none of these bodies currently bear these structures. Aims. We aim to understand the underlying mechanisms that govern the potential formation, stability, and/or decay of hypothetical circumsatellital rings (CSRs) orbiting the largest moons in the Solar System. This extends to the exploration of short-term morphological features within these rings, providing insights into the ring survival timescales and the interactions that drive their evolution. Methods. To conduct this study, we used numerical N-body simulations under the perturbing influence of the host planet and other moon companions. Results. We found that, as suspected, moons with a lower Roche-to-Hill radius can preserve their rings over extended periods. Moreover, the gravitational environment in which these rings are immersed influences the morphological evolution of the system (e.g. ring size), inducing gaps through the excitation of eccentricity and inclination of constituent particles. Specifically, our results show that the rings of Iapetus and Rhea experience minimal variations in their orbital parameters, enhancing their long-term stability. This agrees with the hypothesis that some of the features of Iapetus and Rhea were produced by ancient ring systems, for example, the huge ridge in the Iapetus equator as a result of a decaying ring. Conclusions. From a dynamical perspective, we found that there are no mechanisms that preclude the existence of CSRs, and we attribute their current absence to non-gravitational phenomena. Effects such as stellar radiation, magnetic fields, and the influence of magnetospheric plasma can significantly impact the dynamics of constituent particles and trigger their decay. This highlights the importance of future studies of these effects.

Coronal and chromospheric activity of Teegarden's star

Teegarden's star is a late-type M-dwarf planet host, typically showing only rather low levels of activity. In this paper we present an extensive characterisation of this activity at photospheric, chromospheric, and coronal levels. We specifically investigated TESS observations of Teegarden's star, which showed two very large flares with an estimated flare fluence between 1029 and 1032\,erg comparable to the largest solar flares. We furthermore analysed nearly 300 CARMENES spectra and 11 ESPRESSO spectra covering all the usually used chromospheric lines in the optical from the Ca ii H K lines at 3930\ to the He i infrared triplet at 10830\ These lines show different behaviour: The He i infrared triplet is the only one absent in all spectra, some lines show up only during flares, and others are always present and highly variable. Specifically, the Halpha line is more or less filled in during quiescence; however, the higher Balmer lines are still observed in emission. Many chromospheric lines show a correlation with Halpha variability, which, in addition to stochastic behaviour, shows systematic behaviour on different timescales including the rotation period. Moreover, we found several flares and also report hints of an erupting prominence, which may have led to a coronal mass ejection. Finally, we present X-ray observations of Teegarden's star (i.e. a discovery pointing obtained with the Chandra observatory) and an extensive study with the XMM-Newton observatory, which observed two large flares. One of these showed clear signatures of the Neupert effect, suggesting the production of hard X-rays in the system.

Chemical composition of planetary hosts: C, N, and α-element abundances

Accurate atmospheric parameters and chemical composition of planet hosts play a major role in characterising exoplanets and understanding their formation and evolution. Our objective is to uniformly determine atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), oxygen(O), and the alpha -elements, magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si), along with C/O, N/O and Mg/Si abundance ratios for planet-hosting stars. In this analysis, we aim to investigate the potential links between stellar chemistry and the presence of planets. e tai Observatory telescope. The determination of stellar parameters was based on a standard analysis using equivalent widths and one-dimensional, plane-parallel model atmospheres calculated under the assumption of local thermodynamical equilibrium. The differential synthetic spectrum method was used to uniformly determine the carbon C(C2), nitrogen N(CN), oxygen O I magnesium Mg I, and silicon Si I elemental abundances as well as the C/O, N/O, and Mg/Si ratios. We analysed elemental abundances and ratios in dwarf and giant stars, finding that C/Fe O/Fe and Mg/Fe are lower in metal-rich dwarf hosts; whereas N/Fe is close to the Solar ratio. Giants show smaller scatter in C/Fe and O/Fe and lower than the Solar average C/Fe and C/O ratios. The (C+N+O) abundances increase with Fe/H in giant stars, with a minimal scatter. We also noted an overabundance of Mg and Si in planet-hosting stars, particularly at lower metallicities, and a lower Mg/Si ratio in stars with planets. In giants hosting high-mass planets, nitrogen shows a moderate positive relationship with planet mass. C/O and N/O ratios show moderate negative and positive slopes in giant stars, respectively. The Mg/Si ratio shows a negative correlation with planet mass across the entire stellar sample.

A Data-driven Spectral Model of Main-sequence Stars in Gaia DR3

Precise spectroscopic classification of planet hosts is an important tool of exoplanet research at both the population and individual system level. In the era of large-scale surveys, data-driven methods offer an efficient approach to spectroscopic classification that leverages the fact that a subset of stars in any given survey has stellar properties that are known with high fidelity. Here, we use The Cannon, a data-driven framework for modeling stellar spectra, to train a generative model of spectra from the Gaia Data Release 3 Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS). Our model derives stellar labels with precisions of 72 K in T eff, 0.09 dex in logg, 0.06 dex in [Fe/H], 0.05 dex in [α/Fe], and 1.9 km s−1 in v broad for main-sequence stars observed by Gaia DR3 by transferring GALAH labels, and is publicly available at https://github.com/isabelangelo/gaiaspec. We validate our model performance on planet hosts with available Gaia RVS spectra at SNR>50 by showing that our model is able to recover stellar parameters at ≥20% improved accuracy over the existing Gaia stellar parameter catalogs, measured by the agreement with high-fidelity labels from the Spectroscopic Observations of Cool Stars survey. We also provide metrics to test for stellar activity, binarity, and reliability of our model outputs and provide instructions for interpreting these metrics. Finally, we publish updated stellar labels and metrics that flag suspected binaries and active stars for Kepler Input Catalog objects with published Gaia RVS spectra.

The Wanderer: Charting WASP-77A b’s Formation and Migration Using a System-wide Inventory of Carbon and Oxygen Abundances

The elemental and isotopic abundances of volatiles like carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen may trace a planet’s formation location relative to H2O, CO2, CO, NH3, and N2 “snowlines,” or the distance from the star at which these volatile elements sublimate. By comparing the C/O and 12C/13C ratios measured in giant exoplanet atmospheres to complementary measurements of their host stars, we can determine whether the planet inherited stellar abundances from formation inside the volatile snowlines, or nonstellar C/O and 13C enrichment characteristic of formation beyond the snowlines. To date, there are still only a handful of exoplanet systems where we can make a direct comparison of elemental and isotopic CNO abundances between an exoplanet and its host star. Here, we present a 12C/13C abundance analysis for host star WASP-77A (whose hot Jupiter’s 12C/13C abundance was recently measured). We use MARCS stellar atmosphere models and the radiative transfer code TurboSpectrum to generate synthetic stellar spectra for isotopic abundance calculations. We find a 12C/13C ratio of 51 ± 6 for WASP-77A, which is subsolar (∼91) but may still indicate 13C enrichment in its companion planet WASP-77A b (12C/13C = 26 ± 16, previously reported). Together with the inventory of carbon and oxygen abundances in both the host and companion planet, these chemical constraints point to WASP-77A b’s formation beyond the H2O and CO2 snowlines and provide chemical evidence for the planet’s migration to its current location ∼0.024 au from its host star.

Validation of up to seven TESS planet candidates through multi-colour transit photometry using MuSCAT2 data

The TESS mission searches for transiting exoplanets by monitoring the brightness of hundreds of thousands of stars across the entire sky. M-type planet hosts are ideal targets for this mission due to their smaller size and cooler temperatures, which makes it easier to detect smaller planets near or within their habitable zones. Additionally, M dwarfs have a smaller contrast ratio between the planet and the star, making it easier to measure the planet’s properties accurately. Here, we report the validation analysis of 13 TESS exoplanet candidates orbiting around M dwarfs. We studied the nature of these candidates through a multi-colour transit photometry transit analysis using several ground-based instruments (MuSCAT2, MuSCAT3, and LCO-SINISTRO), high-spatial resolution observations, and TESS light curves. We present the validation of five new planetary systems: TOI-1883b, TOI-2274b, TOI-2768b, TOI-4438b, and TOI-5319b, along with compelling evidence of a planetary nature for TOIs 2781b and 5486b. We also present an empirical definition for the Neptune desert boundaries. The remaining six systems could not be validated due to large true radius values overlapping with the brown dwarf regime or, alternatively, the presence of chromaticity in the MuSCAT2 light curves.

The Star–Planet Composition Connection

The mantra “know thy star, know thy planet” has proven to be very important for many aspects of exoplanet science. Here I review how stellar abundances inform our understanding of planet composition and, thus, formation and evolution. In particular, I discuss how: ▪The strongest star–planet connection is still the giant planet–metallicity correlation, the strength of which may indicate a break point between the formation of planets versus brown dwarfs.▪We do not have very good constraints on the lower metallicity limit for planet formation, although new statistics from TESS are helping, and it appears that, at low [Fe/H], α elements can substitute for iron as seeds for planet formation.▪The depletion of refractory versus volatile elements in stellar photospheres (particularly the Sun) was initially suggested as a sign of small planet formation but is challenging to interpret, and small differences in binary star compositions can be attributed mostly to processes other than planet formation.▪We can and should go beyond comparisons of the carbon-to-oxygen ratio in giant planets and their host stars, incorporating other volatile and refractory species to better constrain planet formation pathways.▪There appears to be a positive correlation between small planet bulk density and host star metallicity, but exactly how closely small planet refractory compositions match those of their host stars—and their true diversity—is still uncertain.

The true nature of HE 0057-5959, the most metal-poor, Li-rich star

The Li-rich stars are a class of rare objects with a surface lithium abundance, A(Li), that exceeds that of other stars in the same evolutionary stage. The origin of these stars is still debated, and valuable routes to look at include the Cameron-Fowler mechanism, a mass-transfer process in a binary system, or the engulfment of rocky planets or brown dwarfs. Metal-poor ([Fe/H]<−1 dex) stars are only a small fraction of the entire population of Li-rich stars. We observed the metal-poor ([Fe/H]=−3.95±0.11 dex) giant star HE 0057–5959 with MIKE at the Magellan Telescope, deriving A(Li)NLTE=+2.09±0.07 dex. Such an Li abundance is significantly higher, by about 1 dex, than that of other stars at the same evolutionary stage. A previous analysis of the same target suggested that its high A(Li) reflects an ongoing first-dredge-up process. We revised the nature of HE 0057-5959 by comparing its stellar parameters and A(Li) with appropriate stellar evolution models describing Li depletion due to the deepening of the convective envelope. This comparison rules out that HE 0057-5959 is caught during its first dredge-up, the latter having already ended according to the parameters of this star. Its A(Li), remarkably higher than the typical lithium plateau drawn by similar giant stars, demonstrates that HE 0057-5959 joins the class of the rare metal-poor, Li-rich stars. HE 0057-5959 is the most metal-poor, Li-rich star discovered so far. We considered different scenarios to explain this star also comparing it with the other metal-poor, Li-rich stars. No internal mixing able to activate the Cameron-Fowler mechanism is known for metal-poor stars at this evolutionary stage. The engulfment of planets is also disfavoured because such metal-poor stars should not host planets. Finally, HE 0057-5959 is one of the most Na-rich among the Li-rich stars, and we found that a strong excess of Na abundance is common to all three Li-rich stars with [Fe/H]<–3 dex. This finding could support the scenario of mass transfer from a massive companion star (able to simultaneously produce large amounts of both elements) in a binary system, even if we found no evidence of radial velocity variations.

Revising Properties of Planet–Host Binary Systems. IV. The Radius Distribution of Small Planets in Binary Star Systems Is Dependent on Stellar Separation* *Based on observations obtained with the Hobby–Eberly Telescope, which is a joint project of the University of Texas at Austin, the Pennsylvania State University, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen.

Small planets (R p ≤ 4 R ⊕) are divided into rocky super-Earths and gaseous sub-Neptunes separated by a radius gap, but the mechanisms that produce these distinct planet populations remain unclear. Binary stars are the only main-sequence systems with an observable record of the protoplanetary disk lifetime and mass reservoir, and the demographics of planets in binaries may provide insights into planet formation and evolution. To investigate the radius distribution of planets in binary star systems, we observed 207 binary systems hosting 283 confirmed and candidate transiting planets detected by the Kepler mission, then recharacterized the planets while accounting for the observational biases introduced by the secondary star. We found that the population of planets in close binaries (ρ ≤ 100 au) is significantly different from the planet population in wider binaries (ρ > 300 au) or single stars. In contrast to planets around single stars, planets in close binaries appear to have a unimodal radius distribution with a peak near the expected super-Earth peak of R p ∼ 1.3 R ⊕ and a suppressed population of sub-Neptunes. We conclude that we are observing the direct impact of a reduced disk lifetime, smaller mass reservoir, and possible altered distribution of solids reducing the sub-Neptune formation efficiency. Our results demonstrate the power of binary stars as a laboratory for exploring planet formation and as a controlled experiment of the impact of varied initial conditions on mature planet populations.

Irregular fixation – II. The orbits of irregular satellites

ABSTRACT Irregular satellites (ISs) are believed to have been captured during the Solar system’s dynamical history and provide clues for the Solar system’s formation and evolution. ISs occupy a large fraction of the Hill sphere of their host planet and their orbits are highly perturbed by the Sun. We use a novel formalism developed in Paper I to characterize their orbits in terms of an effective secular Hamiltonian (the Brown Hamiltonian) that accounts for their large orbital separations. We find that prograde satellites generally follow the Brown Hamiltonian, while retrograde satellites (which extend further) deviate more significantly. Nevertheless, the phase portrait is much better described by the Brown Hamiltonian for all satellites. We construct a semi-analytical criterion that predicts the librating orbit based on the effective energy due to the Brown Hamiltonian. We also check our results with highly accurate N-body integrations of satellite orbits, where initial conditions are loaded directly from the updated ephemeris from the NASA Horizons data base. Although the retrograde librating orbits occupy more area in the parameter space, the vast majority of librating ISs are prograde. Using our method, we find 13 librating satellites, 8 of them previously known to librate, and the rest shown to librate for the first time. Further observations of existing and new satellites could shed more light on the dynamical history of the Solar system and satellite formation and test our results.

Unveiling MOA-2007-BLG-192: An M Dwarf Hosting a Likely Super-Earth

We present an analysis of high-angular-resolution images of the microlensing target MOA-2007-BLG-192 using Keck adaptive optics and the Hubble Space Telescope. The planetary host star is robustly detected as it separates from the background source star in nearly all of the Keck and Hubble data. The amplitude and direction of the lens–source separation allows us to break a degeneracy related to the microlensing parallax and source radius crossing time. Thus, we are able to reduce the number of possible binary-lens solutions by a factor of ∼2, demonstrating the power of high-angular-resolution follow-up imaging for events with sparse light-curve coverage. Following Bennett et al., we apply constraints from the high-resolution imaging on the light-curve modeling to find host star and planet masses of M host = 0.28 ± 0.04 M ☉ and mp=12.49−8.03+65.47M⊕ at a distance from Earth of D L = 2.16 ± 0.30 kpc. This work illustrates the necessity for the Nancy Grace Roman Galactic Exoplanet Survey to use its own high-resolution imaging to inform light-curve modeling for microlensing planets that the mission discovers.

Gaia22dkvLb: A Microlensing Planet Potentially Accessible to Radial-velocity Characterization

We report discovering an exoplanet from following up a microlensing event alerted by Gaia. The event Gaia22dkv is toward a disk source rather than the traditional bulge microlensing fields. Our primary analysis yields a Jovian planet with Mp=0.59−0.05+0.15MJ at a projected orbital separation r⊥=1.4−0.3+0.8 au, and the host is a ∼1.1 M ⊙ turnoff star at ∼1.3 kpc. At r′≈14 , the host is far brighter than any previously discovered microlensing planet host, opening up the opportunity to test the microlensing model with radial velocity (RV) observations. RV data can be used to measure the planet’s orbital period and eccentricity, and they also enable searching for inner planets of the microlensing cold Jupiter, as expected from the “inner–outer correlation” inferred from Kepler and RV discoveries. Furthermore, we show that Gaia astrometric microlensing will not only allow precise measurements of its angular Einstein radius θ E but also directly measure the microlens parallax vector and unambiguously break a geometric light-curve degeneracy, leading to the definitive characterization of the lens system.

Exomoons and Exorings with the Habitable Worlds Observatory. I. On the Detection of Earth–Moon Analog Shadows and Eclipses

The highest priority recommendation of the Astro2020 Decadal Survey for space-based astronomy was the construction of an observatory capable of characterizing habitable worlds. In this paper series we explore the detectability of and interference from exomoons and exorings serendipitously observed with the proposed Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) as it seeks to characterize exoplanets, starting in this manuscript with Earth–Moon analog mutual events. Unlike transits, which only occur in systems viewed near edge-on, shadow (i.e., solar eclipse) and lunar eclipse mutual events occur in almost every star–planet–moon system. The cadence of these events can vary widely from ∼yearly to multiple events per day, as was the case in our younger Earth–Moon system. Leveraging previous space-based (EPOXI) light curves of a Moon transit and performance predictions from the LUVOIR-B concept, we derive the detectability of Moon analogs with HWO. We determine that Earth–Moon analogs are detectable with observation of ∼2–20 mutual events for systems within 10 pc, and larger moons should remain detectable out to 20 pc. We explore the extent to which exomoon mutual events can mimic planet features and weather. We find that HWO wavelength coverage in the near-infrared, specifically in the 1.4 μm water band where large moons can outshine their host planet, will aid in differentiating exomoon signals from exoplanet variability. Finally, we predict that exomoons formed through collision processes akin to our Moon are more likely to be detected in younger systems, where shorter orbital periods and favorable geometry enhance the probability and frequency of mutual events.

Systematic KMTNet Planetary Anomaly Search. XII. Complete Sample of 2017 Subprime Field Planets

We report the analysis of four unambiguous planets and one possible planet from the subprime fields (Γ ≤ 1 hr−1) of the 2017 Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) microlensing survey, to complete the KMTNet AnomalyFinder planetary sample for the 2017 subprime fields. They are KMT-2017-BLG-0849, KMT-2017-BLG-1057, OGLE-2017-BLG-0364, and KMT-2017-BLG-2331 (unambiguous), as well as KMT-2017-BLG-0958 (possible). For the four unambiguous planets, the mean planet–host mass ratios, q, are (1.0, 1.2, 4.6, 13) × 10−4, the median planetary masses are (6.4, 24, 76, 171) M ⊕, and the median host masses are (0.19, 0.57, 0.49, 0.40) M ⊙, respectively, found from a Bayesian analysis. We have completed the Anomaly Finder planetary sample from the first 4 yr of KMTNet data (2016–2019), with 112 unambiguous planets in total, which nearly tripled the microlensing planetary sample. The “sub-Saturn desert” ( logq=−3.6,−3.0 ) found in the 2018 and 2019 KMTNet samples is confirmed by the 2016 and 2017 KMTNet samples.

KMT-2023-BLG-1866Lb: Microlensing super-Earth around an M dwarf host

Aims. We aim to investigate the nature of the short-term anomaly that appears in the lensing light curve of KMT-2023-BLG-1866. The anomaly was only partly covered due to its short duration of less than a day, coupled with cloudy weather conditions and a restricted nighttime duration. Methods. Considering the intricacy of interpreting partially covered signals, we thoroughly explored all potential degenerate solutions. Through this process, we identified three planetary scenarios that account for the observed anomaly equally well. These scenarios are characterized by the specific planetary parameters: (s, q)inner = [0.9740 ± 0.0083, (2.46 ± 1.07) × 10−5], (s, q)intermediate = [0.9779 ± 0.0017, (1.56 ± 0.25) × 10−5], and (s, q)outer = [0.9894 ± 0.0107, (2.31 ± 1.29) × 10−5], where s and q denote the projected separation (scaled to the Einstein radius) and mass ratio between the planet and its host, respectively. We identify that the ambiguity between the inner and outer solutions stems from the inner-outer degeneracy, while the similarity between the intermediate solution and the others is due to an accidental degeneracy caused by incomplete anomaly coverage. Results. Through Bayesian analysis utilizing the constraints derived from measured lensing observables and blending flux, our estimation indicates that the lens system comprises a very-low-mass planet orbiting an early M-type star situated approximately (6.2–6.5) kpc from Earth in terms of median posterior values for the different solutions. The median mass of the planet host is in the range of (0.48–0.51) M⊙, and that of the planet’s mass spans a range of (2.6–4.0) ME, varying across different solutions. The detection of KMT-2023-BLG-1866Lb signifies the extension of the lensing surveys to very-low-mass planets that have been difficult to detect in earlier surveys.

Interactions of exoplanets with their environment

Exoplanets on close-in orbit are subject to intense interactions with their host star. They receive a strong irradiation from the star, trigger tides within their host, and stars and close-in planets can be magnetically connected. In this review, I introduce the physical concepts behind these three types of interaction. I provide simple scaling-laws for their relative strengths, and highlight the aspects of the interactions that still elude our understanding. For each interaction, I also review their detectable effects on both specific star-planet systems and on the population of exoplanets as we know it today.

TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME). X. A Two-planet System in the 210 Myr MELANGE-5 Association

Young (<500 Myr) planets are critical to studying how planets form and evolve. Among these young planetary systems, multiplanet configurations are particularly useful, as they provide a means to control for variables within a system. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a young planetary system, TOI-1224. We show that the planet host resides within a young population we denote as MELANGE-5. By employing a range of age-dating methods—isochrone fitting, lithium abundance analysis, gyrochronology, and Gaia excess variability—we estimate the age of MELANGE-5 to be 210 ± 27 Myr. MELANGE-5 is situated in close proximity to previously identified younger (80–110 Myr) associations, Crius 221 and Theia 424/Volans-Carina, motivating further work to map out the group boundaries. In addition to a planet candidate detected by the TESS pipeline and alerted as a TESS object of interest, TOI-1224 b, we identify a second planet, TOI-1224 c, using custom search tools optimized for young stars (Notch and LOCoR). We find that the planets are 2.10 ± 0.09 R ⊕ and 2.88 ± 0.10 R ⊕ and orbit their host star every 4.18 and 17.95 days, respectively. With their bright (K = 9.1 mag), small (R * = 0.44 R ⊙), and cool (T eff = 3326 K) host star, these planets represent excellent candidates for atmospheric characterization with JWST.

Dynamical structures of misaligned circumbinary planets under hierarchical three-body systems

ABSTRACT All circumbinary planets (CBPs) currently detected are located in almost co-planar configurations with respect to the binary orbit, due to the fact that CBPs with higher misalignment are more difficult to detect. However, observations of polar circumbinary gas and debris discs in recent years and long-term orbital stability of inclined planets indicate that it is possible to form misaligned CBPs around eccentricity binaries (even polar CBPs). In this work, we focus on the dynamical structures of CBPs in a wide range of parameters in order to provide a guidance for the space where the binary can host planets for a long enough time. To this end, the dynamical model is approximated as a hierarchical three-body problem, and the secular approximation is formulated up to the hexadecapolar order in semimajor axis ratio. Dynamical maps show that there are complex structures in the parameter space. A web of secular resonances is produced in the entire parameter space and it can well explain those numerical structures arising in dynamical maps. Based on perturbative treatments, an adiabatic invariant is introduced and thus dynamical structures can be explored by analysing phase portraits. It is found that (a) the quadrupole-order resonance (nodal resonance) is responsible for the distribution of V-shape region, and high-order and secondary resonances dominate those structures inside or outside V-shape region, and (b) the secondary 1:1 resonance is the culprit causing symmetry breaking of dynamical structures inside polar region.

Keck and Hubble Observations Show that MOA-2008-BLG-379Lb is a Super-Jupiter Orbiting an M Dwarf

We present high angular resolution imaging that detects the MOA-2008-BLG-379L exoplanet host star using Keck adaptive optics and the Hubble Space Telescope. These observations reveal host star and planet masses of M host = 0.434 ± 0.065 M ⊙ and m p = 2.44 ± 0.49 M Jupiter. They are located at a distance of D L = 3.44 ± 0.53 kpc, with a projected separation of 2.70 ± 0.42 au. These results contribute to our determination of exoplanet host star masses for the Suzuki et al. statistical sample, which will determine the dependence of the planet occurrence rate on the mass and distance of the host stars. We also present a detailed discussion of the image-constrained modeling version of the eesunhong light-curve modeling code that applies high angular resolution image constraints to the light-curve modeling process. This code increases modeling efficiency by a large factor by excluding models that are inconsistent with the high angular resolution images. The analysis of this and other events from the Suzuki et al. statistical sample reveals the importance of including higher-order effects, such as microlensing parallax and planetary orbital motion, even when these features are not required to fit the light-curve data. The inclusion of these effects may be needed to obtain accurate estimates of the uncertainty of other microlensing parameters that affect the inferred properties of exoplanet microlens systems. This will be important for the exoplanet microlensing survey of the Roman Space Telescope, which will use both light-curve photometry and high angular resolution imaging to characterize planetary microlens systems.

BEBOP V. Homogeneous stellar analysis of potential circumbinary planet hosts

ABSTRACT Planets orbiting binary systems are relatively unexplored compared to those around single stars. Detections of circumbinary planets and planetary systems offer a first detailed view into our understanding of circumbinary planet formation and dynamical evolution. The BEBOP (binaries escorted by orbiting planets) radial velocity survey plays a special role in this adventure as it focuses on eclipsing single-lined binaries with an FGK dwarf primary and M dwarf secondary allowing for the highest radial velocity precision using the HARPS and SOPHIE spectrographs. We obtained 4512 high-resolution spectra for the 179 targets in the BEBOP survey which we used to derive the stellar atmospheric parameters using both equivalent widths and spectral synthesis. We furthermore derive stellar masses, radii, and ages for all targets. With this work, we present the first homogeneous catalogue of precise stellar parameters for these eclipsing single-lined binaries.