Rotation Of Plane Research Articles

Penataklasanaan Fisioterapi Pada Kasus Tennis Elbow Sinistra dengan Modalitas Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) dan Hold Relax Exercise di RSUD Ciereng Subang

Tennis Elbow is the formation of abnormal tissue in the wrist extensor muscles which occurs due to inflammation due to excessive contraction. To determine the implementation of Physiotherapy in reducing pain, increasing muscle strength, increasing the Scope of Joint Movement and increasing functional ability and preventing contractures in Tennis Elbow Sinistra cases using Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Hold Relax Exercise modalities. After 6 treatments using VAS, it showed a decrease in movement pain from T1 with a value of 6 to T6 with a value of 3, a decrease in tender pain from T1 with a value of 5 to T6 with a value of 3, while for silent pain T1 to T6 a value of 0. There was an increase in strength. muscles using MMT, namely elbow extension muscle T1 worth 4 to T6 worth 5, elbow flexion muscle T1 worth 3 to T6 worth 5, supination muscle T1 worth 3 to T6 5, pronation muscle T1 worth 3 to T6 worth 5, wrist extension muscle T1 value 4 becomes T6 value 5, while the wrist, radial and ulnar flexion muscles are normal, namely T1 value 5 and T6 value 5. There is an increase in the range of motion of the joints by measuring using a Goneometer, namely in the elbow joint in the sagittal plane T1: 00-00-1450 becomes T6 : 00-00-1500, in the rotation plane T1 : 900-00-700 becomes T6 : 900-00-800, and in the sagittal plane wrist joint T1 : 400-00-500 becomes T6 : 500-00-600, while in The frontal plane is normal, namely T1: 200-00-300 becomes 200-00-300. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) can help reduce pain and reduce muscle tension, Hold Relax Exercise can increase muscle strength, reduce stiffness and increase joint range of motion and can help improve functional ability.

Acousto-Optic Cell for Controlling Rotation of the Polarization Plane of Linearly Polarized Optical Radiation

Acousto-Optic Cell for Controlling Rotation of the Polarization Plane of Linearly Polarized Optical Radiation

Kinematic differences between female national and provincial athletes in the tennis serve.

Tennis, the second-largest ball game in the world, has a particularly wide audience. To date, little research has been conducted on the biomechanics of female serves. The purpose of this study was to capture the key moments by using 1,000 frames/s high-speed video analysis, to analyze the kinematics of the serving techniques of national athletes and provincial athletes, to determine the differences between the two levels of athletes, and to provide theoretical references for the improvement of scientific training level. Ten female athletes were selected as participants for this study, five of whom are national athletes, and the other are provincial athletes. Three-dimensional filming techniques were employed to capture videos of the first and second serve techniques. Simi Motion was applied to obtain the 3D kinematic data. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0, and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to determine differences between groups. Significant differences in kinematics were found between national and provincial athletes. At the moment of the left knee's minimum flexion (T2), in the first serve, national athletes had a smaller shoulder-hip vertical plane angle (-18.281 ± 6.142° vs. -25.631 ± 3.497°; p = 0.047) and a larger hip vertical plane rotation angle (-9.378 ± 4.263° vs. -0.470 ± 4.724°; p = 0.047). In the second serve, national athletes had a smaller hip horizontal plane rotation angle (-1.720 ± 4.683° vs. 24.146 ± 24.014°; p = 0.047) but a larger hip vertical plane rotation angle (-11.553 ± 1.949° vs. -0.422 ± 4.958°; p = 0.009). At the moment of impact (T4), in the second serve, national athletes' batting position (0.296 ± 0.088 m vs. 0.446 ± 0.094 m; p = 0.047) was further back. Additionally, in the second serve, national athletes consistently had their body center of gravity further back at T2 (-0.106 ± 0.052 m vs. -0.018 ± 0.048 m; p = 0.028), T3 (0.002 ± 0.038 m vs. 0.132 ± 0.039 m; p = 0.009), and T4 (0.073 ± 0.050 m vs. 0.217 ± 0.034 m; p = 0.009). The results of this study indicated several significant kinematic differences between national and provincial athletes, these variations were noted in the shoulder, hip, and body center of gravity. In summary, for the overall first and second serves, it is recommended that national athletes increase the horizontal plane angle of the shoulders and hips at T2, whereas provincial athletes decrease the horizontal plane angle of the shoulder-hip. In addition, provincial athletes need to increase the vertical plane angle of the hip joint, so that the top of the hip can be increased more, and provincial athletes need to be careful not to have the center of gravity too far in front of the body at T2, T3, and T4, so that it can hit the ball at a higher position to increase the swing speed.

Nutation-orbit resonances: The origin of the chaotic rotation of Hyperion and the barrel instability

While numerous planetary and asteroid satellites show evidence for non-trivial rotation states, none are as emblematic as Hyperion, which has long been held as the most striking example of chaotic spin-orbit evolution in the Solar System. Nevertheless, an analytically tractable theory of the full 3D spin-orbit dynamics of Hyperion has not been developed. We derive the Hamiltonian for a spinning axisymmetric satellite in the gravitational potential of a planet without assuming planar or principal axis rotation and without averaging over the spin period. Using this model, we demonstrate the emergence of resonances between the nutation and orbital frequencies that act as the primary drivers of the spin dynamics. This analysis reveals that, contrary to long-held belief, Hyperion is not tumbling chaotically. Instead, it lies near or in a nutation-orbit resonance that is first-order in eccentricity, allowing it to rotate quasi-regularly. The most reliable observations are consistent with either nonchaotic motion or chaos that is orders of magnitude smaller than originally claimed. A separate phenomenon, the so-called barrel instability, is shown to be related to a different set of nutation-orbit resonances that generalize the planar spin-orbit resonances. Finally, we show that changes in spin states over long timescales are best understood by considering chaotic diffusion of quasi-conserved quantities.

Synchronous flying-around control for uncontrolled tumbling spacecraft

The problem of synchronous flying-around control for uncontrolled tumbling target spacecraft is investigated in the paper. Firstly, the relative motion equations of the chaser and the target is established based on the line of sight (LOS) coordinate system, and the scenario of the chaser flying-around uncontrolled tumbling target is analyzed. Secondly, the attitude motion model of the uncontrolled tumbling target is established, and the attitude of the target is described by the Modified Rodriguez Parameters (MRPs). The synchronous flying-around problem is transformed into a two-dimensional control problem in the instantaneous rotation plane of LOS (IRPL). The sliding mode controller is designed to control the LOS direction and vertical LOS direction of the chaser in the IRPL, and the stability of the controller is analyzed. In order to verify the effectiveness of the synchronous flying-around control method, three simulation scenarios are designed. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Impact of proprioceptive cervical dizziness in chronic neck pain syndromes on gait and stance during active head-turn challenges.

An earlier observational study described selected patients with acute neck pain syndrome, who experienced short bursts of cervical vertigo elicited by rapid head movements. The current study on a larger cohort of 20 patients with chronic or frequently recurring neck pain syndrome and age-matched controls focused on two major questions: (1) Can head movements in subjects with exacerbations of neck pain and restrictions of neck mobility also elicit bursts of vertigo? (2) What is the impact on postural balance measured by analysis of body sway and locomotion? A detailed questionnaire was applied, posture and gait were evaluated by use of instrumented posturography-and gait analysis with and without slow or rapid horizontal head rotations in the yaw plane with and without sight/visual input. All patients reported some or frequent episodes of dizziness in the range of seconds only elicited by rapid, not by slow head movements. Postural sway in patients was unremarkable in undisturbed conditions without head movements, but specifically increased by rapid but not slow head turns. The latter is best explained by the lack of continuous control of velocity and amplitude of saccadic head movements. Gait analysis revealed a slowed and cautious gait pattern already at undisturbed condition that was even exaggerated during rapid head turns. These observations demonstrate that chronic or recurrent neck pain is associated with episodic experiences of dizziness and above results in both chronic and episodic alterations of stance and gait that resemble those described for patients with phobic postural vertigo/persistent postural perceptual dizziness, a functional gait disorder.

Resonance Enhancement of the Faraday Effect in a agnetoplasmonic Composite

The paper presents the results of a theoretical and experimental study of the enhancement of the magneto-optical Faraday effect in a magnetoplasmonic nanocomposite, caused by localized plasmon resonance (LPR) in metal nanoparticles. The nanocomposite comprises a three-layer structure of self-assembled gold nanoparticles in a bismuth-substituted iron-garnet matrix. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the enhancement of the magneto-optical Faraday effect is determined by the action of a magnetic field on the magnetoplasmonic composite as an effective medium as a whole. In this case, in the magnetoplasmonic nanocomposite, the Faraday effect is enhanced at the LPR wavelengths and is slightly weakened in the region of short wavelengths relative to the LPR. It is theoretically shown that the complex gyration index in the off-diagonal terms of the effective permittivity tensor for the magnetoplasmonic composite, in addition to rotation of the polarization plane, leads to the appearance of alternating ellipticity in the vicinity of the plasmon resonance, which is observed in the form of asymmetry of magneto-optical rotation.

Properties of the Octonion Linear Canonical Transform

Abstract The linear canonical transform is a widely utilized integral transform in the field of signal analysis, characterized by three independent parameters. It not only facilitates rotation of the time-frequency plane but also enables expansion and contraction of the frequency domain, thereby playing a crucial role in handling non-stationary signals. In recent years, the linear canonical transform has been extended to octonion domains, which possess a more generalized form and offer greater research potential. This extension effectively harnesses the processing capabilities of the linear canonical transform for non-stationary signals in high-dimensional spaces. In this paper, we explore the definition and the conjugacy of the left side octonion linear canonical transform. Moreover, we thoroughly examine the differential properties of octonion linear canonical transform. The study of these properties is helpful for understanding the characteristics and applications of geometric transformations as well as expanding the scope of mathematical theory and practical applications.

On estimation of betatron radiation spectrum characteristics of DLA electrons in NCD plasma

Action of a relativistically intense subpicosecond laser pulse on the near critical density (NCD) plasma can give rise to the formation of ion channel inside the plasma and effective acceleration of background electrons. Thus, one can produce high current (electron charges from tens nCl to several mkCl), high energy (from several MeV to several hundreds of MeV) electron bunches, demanded in different practical applications. Synchrotron (betatron) radiation of these electrons can serve as an important tool both for practical applications and also for diagnostic of the process in laser plasma, which is important for better understanding of these processes and for optimization of experimental conditions. For the last goals, an approximate model is proposed for calculating the spatial and energy characteristics of a bunch of DLA (direct laser accelerated) electrons in the ion channel formed in the NCD plasma and the characteristics describing the spectrum of their synchrotron radiation. For the considered example of a powerful laser pulse action on NCD plasma, the predictions of the proposed model are in good agreement with the results of particles in cell simulations and with the experimental measurements of the synchrotron radiation specter. It is shown that with the assumption of the rotation of the initial plane of motion of DLA electrons, the experimental data on the measurements of synchrotron radiation specters can be explained on the basis of the concept of betatron radiation of electrons accelerated in NCD plasma by DLA mechanism.

Precession of a rotor with a different number of discrete radial elastic damping supports

A design model of a rotary system in the form of a cantilevered flexible shaft with a massive unbalanced disk at the free end is considered. In the plane of rotation of the disk, point elastically damped supports are discretely located with a clearance, stabilizing the vibrations of the rotor in the supercritical zone. With the help of the introduced precession indicator, the type and direction of the precession of the rotor during interaction with the supports is analyzed. The influence of a different number of supports on the evolution of the rotor precession in the supercritical zone after the Poincare-Andronov-Hopf bifurcation is investigated. The effect of the clearance and eccentricity of the disk mass at the contact of the disk with the supports on the precession of the rotor is analyzed.

Synchronization phenomenon in a vibrating system driven by four eccentric rotors mounted in the orthogonal plane

The engineering application of vibration synchronization of multiple eccentric rotors (ERs) with the same rotational plane in far resonance is limited due to the constraints of motion characteristics and resultant force cancellation. Therefore, a dynamic model of four ERs distributed in two orthogonal planes is proposed in this paper, which is designed to increase the excitation force and drive the vibrating body to achieve the motion in a straight line. Based on the governing equation corresponding to the dynamic model firstly, the synchronous condition of four ERs and its stability condition are deduced. Then, the phase relationship of four ERs is obtained by numerical analysis, and the resultant force of four ERs in each phase difference is further studied to determine the motion trajectory of the vibrating body. Lastly, theoretical results are verified by four sets of experiments, which show that there are two stable motion states of the system. In each motion state, the resultant force of four ERs is increased compared to two ERs, and the system also moves in a straight line. Therefore, the model presented in this paper can provide a theoretical basis for designing large vibration machinery.

Structural characteristics of Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets synthesized by nano-pulsed discharges in water

A comprehensive analysis of Bi2O2CO3 nanosheets, which were synthesized using nanosecond-pulsed discharges in water between bismuth electrodes, was conducted in order to investigate the crystallographic features of this material. Electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and electron energy-loss spectrometry techniques revealed the presence of a stoichiometric tetragonal Bi2O2CO3 structure, labelled BOC in this study. It crystallizes in the body-centred tetragonal Bravais lattice and belongs to the I4/mmm space group (No. 139), with the following lattice parameters: a = 3.91, c = 13.77 Å. The nanosheets adopt square shapes. This shape is dictated by the symmetry elements of its point group (4/mmm) under the prevailing local conditions. From the energetic point of view, this shape, dictated by the 4/m2/m2/m point group and therefore a pinacoid, corresponds to an absolute extremum, an indicator of the stability of these BOC nanosheets. Most nanosheets are crossed by equal-inclination fringes or bend contours. These bend contours reflect the fact that the BOC nanosheets contain crystal defects and/or are so thin that they bend elastically, leading to rotation of the lattice planes towards the diffracting Bragg position. The diffraction patterns corresponding to bend contours intersecting along the [001] zone axis have been studied in detail. Extra reflections are superimposed on the diffraction pattern of the BOC crystallographic structure. These extra reflections are essentially attributed to two phenomena: multiple diffraction and local disorder–order transformations of the BOC crystal structure, passing from a body-centred tetragonal to a primitive Bravais lattice. A mechanism related to the ledge mechanism (kinks and jogs), explaining the formation of nanosheets in a metallic matrix, has been adapted and proposed for the formation of BOC nanosheets in water. When the nanosheets are removed from the water, they become carbonated once in the air, leading to the formation of BOC that inherits the nanosheet morphology.

Limited column formation in the embryonic growth plate implies divergent growth mechanisms during pre- and postnatal bone development.

Chondrocyte columns, which are a hallmark of growth plate architecture, play a central role in bone elongation. Columns are formed by clonal expansion following rotation of the division plane, resulting in a stack of cells oriented parallel to the growth direction. In this work, we analyzed hundreds of Confetti multicolor clones in growth plates of mouse embryos using a pipeline comprising 3D imaging and algorithms for morphometric analysis. Surprisingly, analysis of the elevation angles between neighboring pairs of cells revealed that most cells did not display the typical stacking pattern associated with column formation, implying incomplete rotation of the division plane. Morphological analysis revealed that although embryonic clones were elongated, they formed clusters oriented perpendicular to the growth direction. Analysis of growth plates of postnatal mice revealed both complex columns, composed of ordered and disordered cell stacks, and small, disorganized clusters located in the outer edges. Finally, correlation between the temporal dynamics of the ratios between clusters and columns and between bone elongation and expansion suggests that clusters may promote expansion, whereas columns support elongation. Overall, our findings support the idea that modulations of division plane rotation of proliferating chondrocytes determines the formation of either clusters or columns, a multifunctional design that regulates morphogenesis throughout pre- and postnatal bone growth. Broadly, this work provides a new understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying growth plate activity and bone elongation during development.

TROPIC: Transfascial Oblique Posterior Interbody Correction: Technical Note

Adult spinal deformity is a common problem in today's aging adult population, particularly in the thoracolumbar spine. This can lead to severe pain and disability, leading to a poorer quality of life. Traditionally, open deformity correction has been the mainstay of treatment for these patients as it provides an excellent operative corridor; however, this comes with severe risk and high complication rates. There has been a trend toward more minimally invasive approaches to correct the deformity while preserving the muscle and soft tissue surrounding the bony spine across the fusion. We describe a minimally invasive surgical technique through a Wiltse approach without invading the paraspinal musculature to gain access to the bony spine to perform lumbar interbody fusions and osteotomies. A total of 3 patients were identified for this technical note who underwent the transfascial oblique posterior interbody correction procedure for adult spinal deformity. The patients had severe coronal and rotational imbalances. We were able to achieve adequate correction through an approach without disturbing the spinal musculature and soft tissues. This technique provides benefits of spinal rotational and coronal plane correction and restores lordosis with current advancements of today's technologies without the downsides of an open surgical approach.

Universal strategy study of applying passive metasurfaces to an intra-DC wireless-optical interconnection

Free-space optical (FSO) communication can reduce the routing complexity of data center networks (DCNs), not only ensuring high-capacity optical switching, but also owning similar flexibility to the wireless connectivity. Presently, mainstream wireless-optical switching units (WOSUs) have adopted serial beam control for unicasting. As a two-dimensional planar structure composed of meta-atoms with special electromagnetic properties arranged in a certain way, a passive metasurface (PMF) has strong parallel beam regulating capability. In this paper, we propose a wireless-optical intra-DC interconnection scheme based on PMFs. Through a real PMF chip, by adjusting the polarization of an incident beam, the power distribution between normal and abnormal reflected beams can be controlled. When both reflected beams are assigned with power, we obtain a pair of beams reflected in parallel, thus simultaneously communicating with two racks. In fact, we can perform 1-to-N (N≥2) multicast by using cascaded PMFs, and 1-to-N means that each source rack can communicate with N destination racks, i.e., a wide communication coverage range. However, the cascaded PMFs may result in huge chip costs and high accumulated power loss. In this paper, we only demonstrate the 1-to-2 communication ability of our PMFs, so the communication coverage may be still limited. Hence, by introducing electrostatic drive to control the PMF rotation, each source rack can achieve a wider communication coverage range than before. As a result, all racks within the coverage range have the ability to establish communication links with the source rack. To this end, we also design a neural network to mimic the PMF rotation, further improving the communication capability between racks. We then propose a DCN-topology reconfiguration algorithm supporting the coexistence of unicasting and multicasting, in order to make real-time decisions on the matching between FSO ports with minimized latency. Finally, we established a proof-of-concept prototype system to demonstrate the parallel beam control of our PMF. The test results show that the angle error is less than 0.1°, satisfying the accuracy requirements of WOSUs, and our PMF always has a good polarization response with the insertion loss of less than 2 dB under various azimuth angles or rotation planes.

Non-reciprocity in photon polarization based on direction of polarizer under gravitational fields

Unification of gravity with quantum mechanics is still a terra incognita. Photon polarization measurements offer a unique window for probing the interaction between these two fundamental forces. We have revealed that non-reciprocity in the photon polarization angle can arise by tailoring the quantization axis, which corresponds to the direction of polarizer. Due to this non-reciprocity, the measured polarization angle can become ten times larger than that of gravitationally induced frame rotation in both near-Earth and black hole environments. To verify this finding, we propose an astronomical interferometer composed of satellites with the tailored quantization axis, challenging the conventional view of their triviality in closed paths of a photon. Notably, this non-reciprocity can extend to any rotation in the polarization plane, irrespective of the origins, all of which can dictate polarization rotation. Our findings could offer new opportunities for testing fundamental principles in physics.

Enhanced photo-induced optical activity of crisscrossed self-organized gratings in photosensitive nanolayers by introducing bi-periodicity

In the present work, the enhancement of photoinduced optical activity in a photosensitive nanolayer of AgCl doped by Ag nanoparticles, using bi-periodic crisscrossed self-organized periodic nanostructures (C-SPNs) is achieved. We found that the formation of two non-identical SPNs (i.e., with different periods), which crisscrossed each other, enhances the rotation of the polarization plane of the linear polarized probe beam, compared to the case when the two nanostructures are identical (i.e., having the same period). The difference in periods of the two C-SPNs increases the anisotropy of the medium, which in turn boosts the optical chirality produced by the formation of complex crisscrossed gratings made of Ag nanoparticles. The angle between the two gratings can be a control parameter for the amount and sign of rotation of the polarization plane of the probe beam. The enhanced optical activity of the bi-periodic C-SPNs, compared to the identical C-SPNs, can be attributed to the formation of more intricate chiral building blocks at the intersections of the two gratings.

Development of a Jumping Mechanism Inspired by Leg Synchronization of Planthopper

Abstract We developed a small jumping mechanism inspired by planthopper. The planthopper jump is characterized by two functions of the hind legs; the leg synchronization using physical contact of the trochanter head and the power amplification using a torque reversal latch. The proposed jump mechanism adopts the unique leg synchronization strategy of the planthopper, and the nymphal and adult models of the hind legs are designed. However, the power amplification is modified to incorporate two torque reversal structures in a single-motion axis. The mechanisms were fabricated by 3D printer with polylactic acid (PLA) material and equipped with extension springs. They weighed 26 g and performed 260 cm vertical jump within one rotation in the frontal plane. The jump height is over 40 times greater than the body length. The experimental findings indicate that the precise synchronization of the rapid leg movement is an effective approach for the design of a jumping mechanism.

Otto cycles with a quantum planar rotor.

We present two realizations of an Otto cycle with a quantum planar rotor as the working medium controlled by means of external fields. By comparing the quantum and the classical description of the working medium, we single out genuine quantum effects with regard to the performance and the engine and refrigerator modes of the Otto cycle. The first example is a rotating electric dipole subjected to a controlled electric field, equivalent to a quantum pendulum. Here we find a systematic disadvantage of the quantum rotor compared to its classical counterpart. In contrast, a genuine quantum advantage can be observed with a charged rotor generating a magnetic moment that is subjected to a controlled magnetic field. We prove that the classical rotor is inoperable as a working medium for any choice of parameters, whereas the quantum rotor supports an engine and a refrigerator mode, exploiting the quantum statistics during the cold strokes of the cycle.

Relationship between Kinesiophobia and Dynamic Postural Stability after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in young, active patients generally require ACL reconstruction (ACLR) to restore mechanical and postural stability. The fear of movement or reinjury (kinesiophobia) has become increasingly recognized in the post-ACLR population; however, the association between restoration of postural stability and kinesiophobia remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in mean Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11), dynamic motion analysis (DMA) scores, and time on the testing platform, as well as any correlation between TSK-11 and mean overall and individual translational and rotational DMA scores during the first 12 months following ACLR. Cohort study. Patients undergoing ACLR were prospectively enrolled and dynamic postural stability and kinesiophobia based on the TSK-11 were collected within 2 days prior to surgery and at 6 and 12 months following ACLR. Dynamic postural stability was quantified by calculating a DMA score, with score calculated in three translational (anterior/posterior [AP], up/down [UD], medial/lateral [ML]) and three rotational (left/right [LR], flexion/extension, and internal/external rotation) independent planes of motions. Correlations between DMA and TSK-11 scores at each time point were analyzed. A total of 25 patients meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed. Mean overall DMA and TSK-11 scores increased with each successive testing interval. At 6-month follow-up, a weakly positive association between TSK-11 and DMA scores was appreciated based on overall DMA, AP, UD, ML, and LR. At 12 months, a moderately positive correlation was appreciated between TSK-11 and the translational, but not rotational, planes of motion. Following ACLR, lower level of kinesiophobia were found to be moderately associated with improved dynamic stability, especially in the translation planes of motion.