Plan Schemes Research Articles

Adding Flavour to Tribal Lives: Primary Processing of Spices and Coffee in the Eastern Ghats

Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Namakkal is being implemented Paramparaghat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) and ICAR –Tribal Sub Plan Schemes at Elangiyampatti and Ariyur Nadu villages of Kollihills, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu since 2019 to promote organic farming activities in an area of 20 ha as well as utilization of machinery for primary processing of Spices and Plantation crops for getting good quality produce with assured net returns. These tribal villages are richly bestowed with Black pepper, Cardamom, Coffee and Hill banana more than 500 acres under cultivation. Usually the tribes follow the traditional method for threshing, pulping and cleaning of spices and plantation crops. So that the tribes got minimum returns due to poor quality produce. To address this issues KVK provided primary processing machinery to tribal farmer groups enabling timely processing, improved quality produce and increased net income. This intervention has significantly benefitted nearly 524 tribal farmers in and around Elangiyampatti. In the year 2021-22 alone, 42.5 tonnes of black pepper, 55.2 tonnes of coffee and 2.01 tonnes of Cardamom were processed by the tribes from Elangiyampatti with the help of primary processing machines viz., Pepper threshing machine, Pepper dust extractor, Pepper grader, Cardamom dryer and Coffee pulping machine supplied under ICAR- Tribal Sub plan Scheme and also got an additional income of Rs.82500/ household /year. This intervention not only improve the quality of the produce obtained from Elangiyampatti and Ariyur Nadu villages of Kollihills but also the tribes from other villages of Kollihills processed their produce in time and fetched good returns. Since Kollihills Pepper contains high Piperine content due to varietal nature as well as soil and climatic conditions prevails in this region and it is very familiar in this zone and also fetches a good market price. Hence establishment of essential primary processing machinery units at Panchayat level may facilitates easy and timely processing of Black pepper, Coffee and Cardamom thus in turn makes to help the tribes to improve their livelihood.

Farmers’ Compliance with the Recommended Doses of Pesticides on Watermelon in Yobe State, Nigeria

The study investigated farmers’ compliance with the recommended doses of pesticides on watermelon in Yobe State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted to select one hundred and seventy-three (173) respondents for the study. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected on socio-economic characteristics, training in pesticide application, awareness of hazards associated with pesticides, access to information on hazards associated with pesticides and compliance with recommended doses of pesticides. The results revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 43.19, 97.7% were married 73.4% did not have English language reading ability. Training in application of pesticides (0.18), awareness of hazards associated with pesticides (0.28) and access to information (0.43) were low. Most (91.9%) respondents did not comply with the recommended doses of pesticides. Awareness of hazards (B= 2.74, p = 0.01) and access to information (B= 1.45, p = 0.08) significantly influenced compliance with the recommended doses of pesticides. Stakeholders in the agriculture and food sectors should plan and implement schemes to train, inform and boost awareness of the farmers on hazards associated with pesticides to motivate compliance with recommended doses of pesticides, produce safe watermelon and sustain a healthy environment.

Development of energy efficient design proposals for air conditioned mosques: Temperate humid climate case

Mosques, which are types of religious buildings, are large buildings where many people pray at the same time. The diversity of the user type and density and the variability of the usage schedule make it difficult to establish the homogeneous thermal comfort of these large-volume public buildings. At the same time, the energy consumption in the buildings should be minimal in nowadays when the conventional energy sources decrease. The aim of this study is to evaluate created design strategies for designers and users in order to minimize energy consumption by determining the passive design criteria and choosing the type of air conditioning equipment while providing an acceptable thermal comfort level in mosques. According to the method created for the aim, the scenarios of mosques were compared in terms of thermal comfort and energy consumption in the temperate humid climate conditions. This method includes the analysis of scenarios created from the change of design parameters of mosques (plan, size, roof type of the mosques) with a simulation software which was validated with actual utility data. The suggestions were presented for the selection and design of the mechanical system as a result of the implementation of the created method. When the design scenarios of mosques are compared, the air conditioning of the indoor with radiant method consumed less energy than HVAC equipment with fan system. In accordance with the plan schemes (square, rectangle, circular), the least energy consumption per unit area was in the circular plan scheme and hemispherical design. Compared to the roof types (single dome, multi dome, pyramidal roof, flat roof), the most energy consumption per unit area was generally in the multi dome design. According to the average energy consumption values of the HVAC systems, there was 23 % less energy consumption in the flat plan type (105.06 kWh/m2) compared to the rectangular plan type (129.2 kWh/m2). In the intermittent use schedule of the HVAC system, 8 % more energy was consumed than in the continuous use schedule. According to the air changes per hour in the mosques, there was 5.93 % more energy consumption in 2 ach conditions compared to 0.5 ach conditions.

Generative design of floor plans of multi-unit residential buildings based on consumer satisfaction and energy performance

Satisfying consumers is an important task in the design of residential floor plans. However, the design of residential floor plans with the aim of improving consumer satisfaction and energy performance has not been fully explored. Also, the preferences of different customer groups regarding customer satisfaction have not been studied. Traditional design and optimization methods still have limitations in terms of performance improvement, while performance-based generative design methods can explore the performance improvement potential of a larger range of solution spaces. Therefore, this study introduces a generative design framework that is grounded on optimizing energy performance and consumer satisfaction for multi-unit residential floor plans, which consists of four main processes: 1) Generation of floor plan schemes. 2) Evaluation of consumer satisfaction and energy performance of the generated schemes. 3) Running a multi-objective optimization to obtain optimal schemes. 4) The final floor plan scheme is determined by the decision maker. The proposed framework was employed in a real design case, and seven optimal solutions were obtained. Compared with the initial scheme, the maximum improvement in consumer satisfaction and energy performance was up to 38.78% and 11.18% respectively. The results also indicated that the preferences of different types of consumers differed significantly. Thus, different evaluation functions have been created to provide solutions with higher satisfaction levels targeting different types of consumers. As such, generative design and optimization of residential floor plans for specific types of consumers can be undertaken at an early design stage to improve consumer satisfaction and reduce energy consumption.

Generative design experiments with artificial intelligence: reinterpretation of shape grammar

Purpose“Can artificial intelligence produce architectural plan schemes?” discussion is the starting point of this study. The aim of this paper is to question whether this will be a new method in architectural design by producing plans with artificial intelligence interfaces working with human–computer interaction and to create a discussion environment.Design/methodology/approachThe main research topic is the evaluation of architectural design decisions with the text-to-image generation AI algorithms method based on shape grammar rules. First, a sample space consisting of Palladio plans or plan diagrams was created. Plan diagram production experiments were made with different interfaces (Midjourney, Dall-e2, Stable Diffusion, Craiyon, Nightcafe), and alternative plan diagrams were recorded as outputs. The discussion of the outputs has been made over architectural design and space.FindingsIn the conceptual design phase of the architectural discipline and in the production of architectural plan scheme, AI algorithms are trending. This interaction imposes a new responsibility on architects. AI can create paradigm shifts in architectural processes with its tools with high data processing potential. On the other hand, in this study, it is emphasized that architecture is not just an act of producing visuals, but a functional act of producing visuals.Originality/valueThe technology is effective in producing architectural plans and directing them to artificial intelligence algorithms. With this study, multi-alternative architectural plan productions were tried with text-to-image bots with fast results. In this direction, a new method proposal has been developed for the conceptual design phase in architecture.

Intergovernmental transfers and fiscal equalization across the north‐eastern states of India: Evidence from panel data

While numerous studies have tried to analyze the impact of intergovernmental transfers in fostering fiscal equalization in India, there need to be more studies in the context of north‐eastern (NE) states. Situating in a geographically isolated and economically backward region, the states of NE India depend heavily on central fiscal transfers to meet expenditures and to promote various economic activities in the region. One of the essential objectives of these transfers is to achieve fiscal equity. Hence, the study attempts to analyze the fiscal equalizing nature of the intergovernmental transfers across NE India during 1991–2019. The coefficient of variation (CV) analysis results indicates that although fiscal transfers reduced the magnitude of disparity in the own‐source revenue across the NE states, a significant amount of disparity still exists in the resource base across these states. The regression analysis findings suggest that the transfers across these states need to be more fiscal equalizing. The per capita gross state domestic product emerges as a positive and significant in predicting per capita transfers, and hence it questions the progressivity of central transfers. When assigning the interstate share of transfers, more weight should be placed on fiscal equalizing factors such as per capita income. The Finance Commission of India should emphasize fiscal equalizing criteria when allocating weights and recommending transfers to the NE States. Additionally, states with low incomes should be recognized in plan schemes.

A Case Study of Socio-economic status of Schedule Caste under Sub Plan Schemes in Nashik District, Maharashtra

A Case Study of Socio-economic status of Schedule Caste under Sub Plan Schemes in Nashik District, Maharashtra

T-shaped plan in Bulgarian churches: Ottoman state Kırkkilise sanjak churches in the late 19th century

This study is about the architecture of the churches designed in the Kırkkilise sanjak belonging to Edirne province of the Ottoman Empire between 1870-1913. This was a period when the Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire could freely build their churches. The Kırkkilise location as chosen as the focus of the study since it was one of the provinces with the highest Bulgarian population during the aforementioned period. The study's methodology included an analysis and taken from the plan schemes and facades of the churches designed during this Ottoman period. As a result, it was determined that the T-shaped plan scheme, which extended from the narthex to the north and south, was used in Bulgarian churches in the late 19th century, unlike the plan scheme of other churches. In the same period, this plan scheme was also used in Edirne, located to the west of Kırkkilise (Kırklareli), Bulgaria and Greece which are all situated in the Balkans. The study also uncovered that the non-Muslim achitecture in Kırklareli, not an architect, rather a non-Muslim journeyman named Ziyo who played a major role in the designing of a great number of these churches.

Spatial Development Of Shopping Centers In Izmir As Large-Scale Urban Projects

Günümüzde kentsel projeler içinde alışveriş merkezleri sermaye birikim süreçlerinin en kârlı yatırım alanlarından biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Küreselleşme ile birlikte sermayenin dünya coğrafyaları üzerinde sınırsız bir biçimde dolaşımı, tüketim alışkanlıkları üzerinde de önemli dönüşümler yaratmıştır. Bugün gelinen noktada kentsel mekân, tüketimin bu hâkim rolüne uyum gösterecek bir biçimde yeniden organize edilmekte, bu organizasyonda dinlence ve eğlencenin tüketim odaklı düğüm noktaları ise büyük ölçekli alışveriş merkezleri olarak belirginlik kazanmaktadır. Alışveriş merkezleri, yer seçimleri, vaziyet planı organizasyonları ve mekânsal örüntüleri ile kendilerini kent merkezinden soyutlayarak, ona bir alternatif olarak tanımlamakta ve sunmaktadırlar. Böylece günümüz alışveriş merkezleri içinde sadece tüketmeye odaklı bir gerçeklik yaratılmaktadır. Türkiye’de ilk alışveriş merkezinin görüldüğü İstanbul’un ardından diğer büyük kentlerde de benzer bir gelişimin izlenmiş; İzmir kenti de özellikle 2000’li yıllarla ve giderek ivmelenen bir biçimde alışveriş merkezi üretimine sahne olmuştur. İzmir’deki alışveriş merkezleri literatürde farklı sosyo-mekânsal çalışmalara konu olmuş olsa da kentteki tüm alışveriş merkezlerinin tarihsel süreçteki mekânsal gelişimlerine bütünsel bir biçimde odaklanan bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma, İzmir’deki alışveriş merkezlerinin kentteki gelişim süreçlerini ortaya koymakta; metropol kent bütününde yer alan alışveriş merkezlerini, kentteki konumları, yer seçim kararları, plan şemaları ve mekânsal örgütlenmeleri bağlamında analiz ederek çıkarımlarda bulunmaktadır. Yapılan incelemelerde İzmir kentinde alışveriş merkezlerinin kentin tüm ana lokasyonlarına yayılım gösterdikleri, önemli ulaşım arterleri ile güçlü bir bağlantı içinde oldukları, yıllar içinde plan tipolojileri ve plan şemaları ile çeşitliliğe gitseler de kentsel dokuyla bütünleşemeyen bir yapısal eğilimde oldukları bulgulanmıştır.

A risk-based stochastic model for supporting resources allocation of agricultural water-energy-food system under uncertainty

The interactive water-energy relationship is a major restriction on food production in agricultural irrigation systems. Applying water-saving irrigation systems can further intensify the interrelationship between water and electricity and trigger a water-energy joint risk. Currently, there are no approaches capable of effectively assessing the various uncertainties and water-energy joint risks in irrigation districts. In this study, a novel mathematical programming method termed copula-based interval two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming (CITSMIP) is proposed. CITSMIP quantifies water-energy joint risks in food production and provides an optimal resource allocation plan and water-saving irrigation application schemes under different joint risk levels. CITSMIP was applied to solve an irrigation resource management problem in northwest China. The results show that under a certain water-energy joint risk, planting sunflowers would be the first choice for water-saving irrigation applications. As water-saving applications have become increasingly common over time, the water-saving volume is expected to increase to [74.65, 84.46] × 107 m3 by 2035. Moreover, under a certain joint risk, compared with the water risk, fluctuations in energy risk would have a greater impact on the total benefit of the system and the total consumption of resources. Compared with single water risk or energy risk management, the joint risk management results would have a lower degree of uncertainty and higher lower-bound benefits. Establishing CITSMIP can provide valuable insights into informing stakeholders to allocate resources and maximize benefits under water-energy joint risk.

Intra-regional Development Disparities: Virtual Regions Strategy for Development of Tribal Communities and Water-stressed Regions in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana

Intra-regional Development Disparities: Virtual Regions Strategy for Development of Tribal Communities and Water-stressed Regions in Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana

A Beam-Specific Optimization Target Volume for Stereotactic Proton Pencil Beam Scanning Therapy for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

PurposeWe investigate two margin-based schemes for optimization target volumes (OTV), both isotropic expansion (2 mm) and beam-specific OTV, to account for uncertainties due to the setup errors and range uncertainties in pancreatic stereotactic pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy. Also, as 2-mm being one of the extreme sizes of margin, we also study whether the plan quality of 2-mm uniform expansion could be comparable to other plan schemes. Methods and MaterialsWe developed 2 schemes for OTV: (1) a uniform expansion of 2 mm (OTV2mm) for setup uncertainty and (2) a water equivalent thickness–based, beam-specific expansion (OTVWET) on beam direction and 2 mm expansion laterally. Six LAPC patients were planned with a prescribed dose of 33 Gy (RBE) in 5 fractions. Robustness optimization (RO) plans on gross tumor volumes, with setup uncertainties of 2 mm and range uncertainties of 3.5%, were implemented as a benchmark. ResultsAll 3 optimization schemes achieved decent target coverage with no significant difference. The OTV2mm plans show superior organ at risk (OAR) sparing, especially for proximal duodenum. However, OTV2mm plans demonstrate severe susceptibility to range and setup uncertainties with a passing rate of 19% of the plans meeting the goal of 95% volume covered by the prescribed dose. The proposed dose spread function analysis shows no significant difference. ConclusionsThe use of OTVWET mimics a union volume for all scenarios in robust optimization but saves optimization time noticeably. The beam-specific margin can be attractive to online adaptive stereotactic body proton therapy owing to the efficiency of the plan optimization.

Endüstri Kenti Karabük’ün Modern Mahallesi Yenişehir’de Konut Tipolojileri

The post-republican modernization experience of Turkey appears with a character that changes social and spatial identity beyond a new structure. This process of experience is especially important for the cities where the first industrialization activities took place. The establishment of factory sites in the early republican period not only met the need in the production field but also became an important step by reflecting the modernization movements into the daily life practices. In other words, the early republican period in Turkey reshaped the economic-social structure and architectural environment, initiating the process for the industrial cities to gain a modern identity. In this study, it was aimed to document the typologies of modern dwellings produced for workers, civil servants and engineers in the Yenişehir neighborhood of Karabük, which became an industrial city during the industrialization and modernization process of Turkey. As the method in determining the typologies of the dwellings in Yenişehir neighborhood, plan schemes and façade characters were examined. As a result of the examination of the residential locations, plan schemes and facades, it was determined that these dwellings were basically modern prototypes that were practically produced to solve the housing problem. Although these projects, which were designed with the social housing concept, were produced according to the generally accepted rules of modern architecture, they led to the transformation of the urban identity through their formal and fictional differences.

Grants from Centre and States’ Fiscal Marksmanship

Issue: Jan-Feb 2021
 In this paper, we aim to establish the issues with fiscal marksmanship of states’ revenue budgets. We particularly focus on the grants received from the Union government. Within grants, we find state plan schemes and centrally sponsored schemes to be the most volatile. Our analysis looks at three key stakeholders in the budget-making process and their role in poor fiscal marksmanship. These are the Centre, the states and the Finance Commission. The actuals could miss budget estimates due to the Centre misprojecting its revenues or expenditures, the states misprojecting their revenues, or the Finance Commission making errors while recommending grants. Poor estimation methods, weak capacity in drawing up budgets and implementing projects, specific conditionalities imposed either by the Centre or the Finance Commission and exogenous and random shocks that cannot be controlled for — all affect marksmanship of the states’ revenue budgets.

Risk-return analysis of top mutual fund in India: A study on categorized direct plan schemes

In this study, the risk and return analysis on the portfolio determined using category-specific mutual fund schemes. Risk metrics like beta, sharpe, treynor, and Jensen's alpha value have been used to examine the schemes. These risk metrics are one of the most popular ways to analyse the risk and return analysis To conduct ths study, we collected the data of return from January 2019 to January 2022 of top Mutual funds Schemes from moneycontrol.com. This study will be help out to investor for investing their funds in a particular scheme of mutual funds and how they can get a better return on their funds.

ORYANTALİST MİMARLIĞIN SIRA DIŞI ÖRNEĞİ: KUBBESİ VE MİNARESİ İLE BUDAPEŞTE FİL AHIRI

Oryantalist yapılar İslam ülkelerinin mimarlıklarına ilişkin bazı yapı öğelerinin karmaşık biçimde bir araya getirildiği bir mimari yaklaşımla tasarlanmıştır. Gerek iç mekânda gerekse yapı formu bağlamında çağrışım, benzetme kaygısını da beraberinde getirdiğinden, batı dünyası, doğu mimarlıkları için geliştirilen bazı klişeler üzerinden tasarım yaklaşımlarını geliştirmiştir. Bu yapılar plan şemaları, işlevleri ve cephe özellikleri bağlamında bir bütünlük oluşturmaktan öte doğuya ilişkin bir çağrışım yapmak üzere çeşitli biçimlerde yapı öğelerini bir arada bulundururlar. Batıda özellikle cami çağrışımı yapan binalar oldukça farklı ve şaşırtıcı işlevler için üretilmiştir. Bu makalede, Macaristan’ın başkenti Budapeşte Hayvanat Bahçesi Fil Ahırı’nın 1912 yılında cami biçiminde inşa edilmesi hakkında Osmanlı yönetimi tarafından verilen tepki değerlendirilmiş, yapının oryantalist üslubu ile tarih ve siyaset ilişkisinin kurgulanması amaçlanmıştır. Endüstri devrimi ve sömürgeciliğin etkisiyle, doğu halklarının geçmişlerine ilişkin kültürel bir simge olan mimarlıklarının dönüştürülerek, üretilen oryantalist mimarlık kılıfı içinde, batı tarafından tanımlanabilir hale geldiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Effects of BRI strategy on Mediterranean shipping transport

In 2013 Chinese government unveiled one of the biggest transport plan schemes worldwide: the One Belt One Road (OBOR) strategy, now called the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This scheme includes the development of a group of specific transport and logistics corridors that encompass three different continents (i.e. Asia, Africa, and Europe) with both land and maritime corridors. Both these planned interventions are expected to greatly impact on the maritime transport between Far East and Northern Europe through new port investments (e.g. Piraeus, the proposed Venice container offshore terminal) and providing rail alternatives (e.g. Beijing-Hamburg rail service) that could impact on the geography of international trades.These modifications of current transport patterns might drastically change the overall organisation of the shipping services in the Mediterranean, increasing competition of transport alternatives (e.g. rail vs road; rail vs sea) and promoting the nodes included in the BRI. Thus, the current study aims at discussing effects of BRI on current maritime patterns with a specific focus on the effects into port competition within the Mediterranean area.

OTTOMAN ARCHITECTURE IN İZNİK: ZAVİYE, İMARET, MOSQUE

Iznik has contained various civilizations within itself in the historical process and it is an open-air museum exhibiting ethnographic works, ruins and civil structures related to these periods. Iznik, which has been on the main trade routes throughout history, has had a strategically important position; this situation established the ground for the economic and cultural revival of the city. The aim of this study is to re-examine the important structures of Iznik in a theoretical framework, by focusing on the early Ottoman period, though examples of “zaviye, imaret and mosque”. The study is limited to zaviye, imaret and mosque structures by reviewing plan schemes applied in the city that hosts Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman cultures. While Iznik, which is an important part of “Early Ottoman Architecture”, is examined within the scope of this study, the importance of these architectural works which are accepted as the center of Turkish building art is re-emphasized. A literature review and on-site photographing technique were carried out on selected structures. The reason for choosing these historical buildings is that they are among the first examples of the period and the building construction features shed light on history.

A Model Proposal for Store Design with Shape Grammar

With the widespread use of computers, rule-based design methods that can work in harmony with computer logic and can be easily adapted to the computer environment have come to the forefront in the design world. To be able to analyze the logic of a design made with the shape grammar method which is one of the rule based design methods; it is even possible to modify and transform the design, which has been placed on the rule base by removing shape rules, or to create new designs with the same design logic. In this study, some stores that will be exemplary for the store design are examined, analyzed and the system is designed to produce new plan schemes. In this study, it is aimed to produce a program that offers abstract plan alternatives to the designer during the early design process. In store design, clothing stores are emphasized especially due to its intensive use. Within the scope of the study, it is focused on developing a program that produces plan alternatives by using computational power of computer. In this way, it was possible to work on many plan alternatives in a short time during the design process and it became easy to examine large areas. With these alternatives, it is aimed to provide rapid and advance detection of possible problems that may arise. At this point, it is aimed to see a large number of plan alternatives by applying a few rules and to make the appropriate selection among these alternatives.

Over-Professional Skills and Professional Knowledge of Library Specialist: Demands of the Time

Library specialists having competencies in the field of modern information technologies and knowledge of information resources, capable to analyse and synthesize heterogeneous information, process data, solve non-standard tasks, are able to develop innovative trends, increase the importance and competitiveness of libraries in the information space. The purpose of this study is to determine the most important skills and knowledge of librarians for the development of new forms and trends in the activities of research libraries: assistant services to scientists, work with research data, creation of intellectual centres, centres of intellectual leisure, organization of communication platforms, etc. The author highlights the key knowledge necessary for librarian: knowledge of modern and advanced information technologies (social networks, cloud, mobile technologies, new generation analytics, etc.), knowledge of the world market of information resources, as well as technologies of collection and processing of information/data. The article presents competences of librarians in the research data management, who provide consulting and assistant services to scientists in the life cycle of research. It is determined that the research data management librarian should know the methods of data management plan preparation, management methods, categories, metadata standards and schemes, data classifications and identifiers, data citation requirements, copyright, data repositories, long-term data preservation technologies, etc. The author concludes that the possession of non-specialized over-professional (“soft”) skills (communication skills, emotional intelligence, thinking by “results” and “processes”, etc.) along with the complex of professional knowledge is the key to the improvement of efficiency and demand of libraries in the conditions of intensively developing environment.