Place Of Origin Research Articles

The social integration of rural migrants in urban China: The effect of hometown land tenure

AbstractWhile rural migrants living in different housing tenures present significantly variegated levels of social integration, little is known about how land tenure in their place of origin affects their integration into the host cities. Using the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, we identified three dimensions of social integration: (1) permanent settlement intention, (2) cultural integration and (3) psychological integration. We find that migrants do not feel psychological isolation; their settlement intention is lower as a more realistic judgement of prospects. Their cultural integration is even lower, indicating it is a long‐term process. Migrants with land farming by relatives and friends and land subleasing to private are more socially integrated, while hiring someone to cultivate the land, leaving land uncultivated and other land disposal methods reduces migrants' social integration. Furthermore, land subleasing led to stronger psychological integration, even after controlling for the potential endogeneity issue. It weakens their attachment to their hometowns and increases their income to achieve stronger integration. The effect is more salient in the migrants of the new generation, in second‐tier cities and in the digital economy sector.

Visible critique/critical visibility

AbstractArtists based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are pressured by international art elites to critique the illiberal regime under which they live. But doing so is illegal. It can lead the state to retaliate with harassment, detention, cancellation of residency visas, and expulsion. Nonetheless, gatekeeping curators and critics validate UAE‐based artists’ work as worthwhile and good if these artists critique the UAE state. How do these artists balance the perils of retaliation and deportation with an exhortation to critique the state for the sake of career success and international visibility? They do so by deploying a form of critique predicated on omission and ambiguity; I term it conspicuous omission. This practice reveals norms of critique, and the normative expectations placed on contemporary artists based on their place of residence or origin.

Zero Waste household practices in informal settlements: an opportunity to improve the living conditions of the urban poor and address global challenges

Zero Waste household practices adopted in informal settlements have facilitated the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and contributed to income generation, food security and the strengthening of the social fabric. In four informal settlements in Santiago de Cali (Colombia), these practices were identified through participatory methodologies, and statistical tests of association between variables were used to determine possible causes of their implementation. These practices were found to be associated with characteristics of the residents including their connection to the cultural traditions of their places of origin, their resilience and solidarity, the satisfaction of their basic needs and their search for a healthy environment. This paper discusses these practices, the elements that drive them and their main benefits, highlighting the need for public policies to recognize their contributions in addressing global challenges and for future research to quantify their contributions.

Inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic safety and efficiency in seven European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances differing in yield

Abstract Key message Seven European beech provenances differing largely in growth performance were grown at two common garden sites in Germany and Slovakia. The intra-specific variability of most traits was explained more by phenotypic plasticity than inter-provenance variability, and efficiency-related traits showed a higher phenotypic plasticity than safety-related traits. Context To maintain climate-resilient future forests, replicated common-garden experiments are suited for developing assisted migration strategies for key tree species. Aims We analysed the magnitude of inter-provenance variability and phenotypic plasticity for 12 functional traits of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and analysed whether the climate at the place of origin left an imprint. Moreover, we asked whether growth is unrelated to xylem safety and to what extent the foliar, xylem and growth-related traits are coordinated. Methods Terminal branches were collected from 19-year-old and 22-year-old trees of seven European beech provenances planted at two common garden sites in Germany and Slovakia, respectively. Three hydraulic, three wood anatomical and four foliar traits were measured and related to two growth-related variables. Results At the two sites, the same pair of provenances showed the highest and lowest growth. Nevertheless, a high degree of phenotypic plasticity was observed, as all traits differed significantly between sites after accounting for provenance effects, with hydraulic safety-related traits showing the lowest and efficiency-related traits the highest plasticity. There was no evidence for inter-provenance variability in xylem embolism resistance (P50) or the foliar carbon isotope signature (δ13C), a proxy for intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), and both were unrelated to growth. P50 was positively correlated with the lumen-to-sapwood area ratio and vessel density. Conclusions Because of the lacking trade-off between embolism resistance and growth, highly productive provenances can be selected without reducing the drought tolerance of the branch xylem. However, as xylem safety is only one element of a trees’ drought response, it may be beneficial to select provenances with other more conservative drought adaptations such as smaller vessel lumen areas for increasing xylem safety and small supported total leaf areas for reduction of total transpiration.

Flowering of Bambusa vulgaris ʽVittata’ (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae) in Argentina

Flowering in woody bamboos remains an intriguing, infrequent and unpredictable event. Bambusa vulgaris ʽVittata’ is a woody bamboo species of Asian origin, which is widely cultivated in Argentina and the world due to its various applications. However, there are no records of the flowering of this entity in its place of origin or in cultivation. The goal of the present work is to report the flowering of a B. vulgaris ʽVittata’ specimen, cultivated in Buenos Aires, providing information and images of the event and an illustration of its reproductive structures. New reproductive characters have been found to differentiate the taxon, which are included in a dicotomic key.

Tai Dam Diaspora Consciousness and Routes of Migration: An Analysis from Funeral Manuscripts

Abstract The objective of this study is to analyze Tai Dam funeral manuscripts called Kwam Bok Tang or Kwam Song Phi Khuen Mueang Fa. It is a comparative study conducted among Tai Dam or Lao Song in Thailand and Tai Dam in northwestern Vietnam. The texts reveal that Mueang Lo, Nghĩa Lộ in Vietnam, is the place of origin where the first community was established. It illustrates that the Khwan, the spirit or essence of life of the deceased, will be sent from the current settlement back along the route of migration to Mueang Lo before ascending to heaven to meet their ancestral spirits. Fittingly, this could be considered as Tai Dam diaspora consciousness of their ancestral homeland and the place of origin that records historical memory and historiography in forms of funeral manuscripts and rituals their funeral ceremony.

Study on public transport and non-public transport volumes on sustainable noise

Transportation is the movement/transfer of both people and goods from one place of origin to a destination. In this transfer or movement, of course, transportation is used in the form of a vehicle, which in its operation produces noises such as the sound of an engine coming out through the exhaust or horn. At a certain level, these sounds can still be tolerated in the sense that the effects they cause are not a nuisance, but at a higher level, the sound produced by the vehicle is already a nuisance or pollution called noise. The formulation of this problem is, a) is there an influence of the volume of public transport vehicles on noise? b) Is there an effect of non-public transport volume on noise? c) how big is the noise effect caused by the volume of public transport? d) how big is the noise effect caused by non-public transport volumes? This research aims to find out how much influence the volume of public transport and non-public transport traffic has on noise. The novelty of this research is the continuation of the influence of noise caused by the volume of public and non-public transportation. The conclusion is that the influence of public transport traffic volume does not have a significant influence on the noise that occurs. From all analytical calculations, the greatest similarity was found on the second day of research at the third point (Sound Level Meter 3), with a contribution of 12.1%. From this analytical calculation, we get the equation as below, namely: Y = a + bX1 = 70.718 + 0.013X1. This means that if there is no increase in public transport volume, the noise level at SLM 3 will be 70,718 dBA. For every additional volume of public transport by 0.013 vehicles/hour, the noise will increase by 0.013 dBA at SLM 3. The volume of non-public transport traffic has a significant influence on the noise that occurs. From all analytical calculations, it was found that the greatest similarity was on the fourth day of the research. point (Sound Level Meter 1) with a contribution of 19.5%.

Rural–Urban Migration and Fertility Ideation in Senegal: Comparing Returned, Current, and Future Migrants to Dakar to Rural Nonmigrants

AbstractIn low‐ and middle‐income countries, significant differences in fertility beliefs between rural and urban areas arise from the differential timing and pace of fertility declines. Demographers have long hypothesized about the diffusion of these beliefs and behaviors from urban to rural areas, potentially via temporary rural–urban labor migration. In this paper, we investigate the association between temporary internal migration from rural Senegal to the capital city, Dakar, and differences in the fertility and contraceptive beliefs and preferences of migrants and nonmigrants. We test socialization, selection, and adaptation hypotheses by comparing the fertility ideation of current and returning migrants with that of nonmigrants and future migrants from their place of origin. Our results support selection effects, explaining half of the differences between nonmigrants and migrants. Once selection effects are removed, significant differences remain between nonmigrants and current or returning migrants. These differences are largely explained by two complementary measures of adaptation: years lived in Dakar and the number of ties to residents of that city. The results indicate that adaptation is as important, if not more so than selection in explaining differences between migrants and nonmigrants. This holds true even for returned migrants five years after their last migration spell. Of the two potential adaptation mechanisms explored, the time spent in Dakar generally explained adaptation better than ties to nonmigrants in Dakar. However, our complementary analyses do not rule out the importance of urban networks on fertility, as they contribute to migrant selection.

"Aprendes a Vivir con las Cosas Nuevas". Vivencias de Familias Náhuatl[1] Migrantes de Guerrero

The internal migration of indigenous families in Mexico is due above all to the precarious economic situation in their places of origin. Such is the case of the families that migrated from San Agustín Oapan, Guerrero to the city of Morelia, where they have formed a civil association, dedicated to the production and sale of crafts. The objective of this text is to describe the main experiences associated with the migration process experienced by the first families that settled in Morelia. To achieve this, qualitative research focused on doubly reflexive ethnography was carried out. Among the main challenges they faced, the following stand out: language, discrimination, food, fear of the unknown; While the resources that allowed them to face such challenges were: communality, their culture and resilient attitude. It is concluded that, despite the difficulties, the quality of life of the families improved and they remain linked to their original people.

Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage in Vâlcea County, South-West Oltenia Region: Motivations, Belief and Tourists’ Perceptions

Vâlcea County in the South-West Oltenia Region, Romania, has a great diversity of tourist destinations and boasts an impressive number of monasteries, churches and places of worship. This research aims to comprehensively investigate how tourists perceive the main reasons for visiting religious settlements and the frequency in Vâlcea County, situated in the South-West Oltenia Region, by employing a two-stage methodology to understand the interplay of demographic variables, travel behaviors and individual motivations, while utilizing GIS and SPSS for spatial and quantitative analysis. The two stages are: (1) the analysis of the specialized literature to identify the motivations, beliefs and tourists’ perceptions regarding religious tourism and pilgrimage and (2) statistical analyses and interviews with internal stakeholders (residents), which present their tourist and religious perspective on Vâlcea County. The research questions aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between demographic variables, travel behaviors and individual motivations within this distinctive context. The research significantly contributes to furthering our understanding of the behavior of participants in religious tourism and pilgrimage in Vâlcea County, highlighting that certain variables, such as gender, education level and occupation, may or may not significantly impact their preferences and choices. Geographical Information System (GIS) software was used to map the study area and, at the same time, the main places of worship that were visited by tourists. The SPSS (version 15.0) program was used to investigate and analyze the quantitative research data. The results reveal that, in Vâlcea County’s religious tourism and pilgrimage, gender, age and education level do not significantly impact travel choices or visit durations. However, occupation emerges as a crucial factor influencing transportation preferences, while respondents’ place of origin shows no significant association with the presence of accompanying individuals during religious visits. The current research was limited by its focus on a single case study of Vâlcea County in the South-West Oltenia Region and the scarcity of previous studies on religious tourism and pilgrimage in Vâlcea County.

Importance Of Practical Life Activity For The Development Of Self-Regulation Skills In Children Aged 4-5 Years

Importance Of Practical Life Activity For The Development Of Self-Regulation Skills In Children Aged 4-5 Years

Fugitivas de la violencia: emociones y resistencias de mujeres en condición de desplazamiento forzado

Women in the process of forced displacement experience violence during their transit, due to their historical gender condition, place of origin, age, schooling, economic conditions, etc. The purpose of this work was to know the emotions and resistance of women in the process of forced displacement who reside in shelters in Tijuana. The study was qualitative, interpretative, descriptive, and cross-sectional. To obtain the information, the field diary and semi-structured interviews with five collaborators were used. In the qualitative analysis of content, experiences of violence were found from their places of origin, the journeys and in the shelters; the emotions they reported were guilt, fear and anger; however, the hope of a better life for them and their families, the alliances with other women, even when they are intermittent, allow them to resist critical moments and continue their search for a dignified life.

The mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between smartphone addiction and subjective well-being

As smartphones become increasingly prevalent worldwide, the relationship between smartphone addiction and subjective well-being has become a focal point in academic circles. Prior research predominantly delved into the direct correlation between smartphone addiction and subjective well-being, yet there remains a dearth in exploring its underlying mechanisms. This study investigated the mediating role of loneliness in the relationship between smartphone addiction and subjective well-being among Chinese university students. Conducted across 16 universities in eight provinces and municipalities in China, this study encompassed 1527 university students. Data collection utilized scales measuring smartphone addiction, loneliness, and subjective well-being. The findings revealed that: (1) demographic variables such as place of origin, educational level, and family income influenced university students' subjective well-being; (2) a significant negative correlation existed between smartphone addiction and subjective well-being among university students, coupled with a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction and loneliness, indicating the significant negative predictive effect of smartphone addiction on subjective well-being; (3) loneliness partially mediated the relationship between smartphone addiction and subjective well-being among university students, suggesting that smartphone addiction could directly impact university students' subjective well-being, or indirectly through its effect on loneliness.

Doble protección anticonceptiva en estudiantes de obstetricia: Un estudio de factores asociados

Objective: To determine which factors are associated with the use of dual protection in obstetrics students from a public university in Lima, Peru. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, done in 217 obstetrics students from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.The chi-squared test was applied, in addition to the raw and adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) Results: The prevalence of the use of dual protection was 41.5%. In the bivariate analysis, the factors associated with it included: age from 25 to 29 years old (raw prevalence ratio: 1.57), Lima as a place of origin (raw prevalence ratio: 2.07), previous pregnancy (raw prevalence ratio: 1.91), previous abortion (raw prevalence ratio: 1.92), antecedent of STI in the couple (raw prevalence ratio: 1.81), knowledge about dual protection (raw prevalence ratio: 3,16), and orientation in family planning (raw prevalence ratio: 1.76). In the multivariate analysis, knowledge about contraceptive protection maintained its significant association (adjusted prevalence ratio: 2.44). Conclusions: Knowledge about contraceptive protection is the only reproductive factor that was associated with a higher probability of using this method. Keywords: Contraceptives, Risk Factors, Contraceptive Hormonal, Condoms.

A New Naming Convention for Andean Khipus

Abstract Since the 1970s, hundreds of khipus—Andean knotted-string recording devices—have been named after academic researchers. This practice disassociates individual khipus from their places of origin and reifies scientific inequity. Here, a new convention of the form KH#### (e.g., KH0125) is proposed, which we believe represents a more neutral, direct, and accurate nomenclature. The change is implemented in the Open Khipu Repository (OKR), the largest khipu database.

TasteTrek

TasteTrek is an innovative website that seamlessly combines the exploration of diverse Indian spices with the convenience of ordering them from the comfort of your home. This website not only serves as a comprehensive guide to the rich variety of Indian spices but also offers a curated marketplace where users can explore, learn about, and purchase high-quality spices sourced directly from their places of origin. Key Words: Indian spices, website, Home, Explore, PurchaseS

Bioanthropological analysis of human remains from the archaic and classic period discovered in Puyil cave, Mexico.

Determine the geographic place of origin and maternal lineage of prehistoric human skeletal remains discovered in Puyil Cave, Tabasco State, Mexico, located in a region currently populated by Olmec, Zoque and Maya populations. All specimens were radiocarbon (14C) dated (beta analytic), had dental modifications classified, and had an analysis of 13 homologous reference points conducted to evaluate artificial cranial deformation (ACD). Following DNA purification, hypervariable region I (HVR-1) of the mitogenome was amplified and Sanger sequenced. Finally, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) was performed for total DNA. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and haplogroups were determined using BioEdit 7.2 and IGV software and confirmed with MITOMASTER and WebHome softwares. Radiocarbon dating (14C) demonstrated that the inhabitants of Puyil Cave lived during the Archaic and Classic Periods and displayed tabular oblique and tabular mimetic ACD. These pre-Hispanic remains exhibited five mtDNA lineages: A, A2, C1, C1c and D4. Network analysis revealed a close genetic affinity between pre-Hispanic Puyil Cave inhabitants and contemporary Maya subpopulations from Mexico and Guatemala, as well as individuals from Bolivia, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and China. Our results elucidate the dispersal of pre-Hispanic Olmec and Maya ancestors and suggest that ACD practices are closely related to Olmec and Maya practices. Additionally, we conclude that ACD has likely been practiced in the region since the Middle-Archaic Period.

Housing differentiation from the spatial opportunity structure perspective: an empirical study on new-generation migrants in China

Using data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamics Survey, this study employs generalized structural equation modeling to examine the effects of migrants' places of origin and socioeconomic status on their destination choice and access to homeownership in the destination city. The analyses reveal significant disparities in access to homeownership among migrants from different places of origin. Furthermore, the position of the destination city in the urban hierarchy not only has a direct impact on migrants' access to homeownership but also plays an important mediating role. This study highlights the spatial foundations of housing inequality and builds an analytical framework that links spatial mobility with social mobility. Our findings have significant implications for housing policies and practices aimed at improving the housing conditions of new-generation migrants.

Assessment of Knowledge of Sexual Reproductive Health Among Female University Students in Jordan.

Sexual reproductive health (SRH) is an important aspect of human life, especially in the younger age groups. Young adults are the most vulnerable group to SRH consequences, as they have limited access to its information and services. This is one of the earliest studies conducted to examine the knowledge of SRH among female university students in Jordan. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of SRH among female Jordanian university students and to determine the social and individual factors that may affect this knowledge. A cross-sectional design was used, and a convenient sample consisting of 427 female university students was recruited from the University of Jordan. The inclusion criteria were female unmarried students aged 18-25 years old, while the exclusion criteria were married, divorced, or engaged female students. A valid and reliable self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the student's knowledge of SRH. Data were collected between February 21 and March 20, 2022. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0 (Released 2015; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) was used for data analysis, and an independent sample t-test was used to investigate mean differences in the SRH score based on demographic characteristics. Overall, it was found that only 26.2% of all the participants had adequate knowledge of SRH. Additionally, they have inadequate knowledge regarding the different aspects of SRH such as premarital, vaccination, menstruation, contraception, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), except for the section on folic acid, which demonstrated adequate knowledge. Furthermore, the participants' scores of total SRH knowledge were significantly different based on their original place of living, current residency, educational level, religion, and university faculty. Due to the inadequate level of knowledge, this study highlights the need to establish educational and awareness programs concerning SRH and to incorporate this subject into the university and school curricula.

Socio-Cultural Dynamics of Cross-Border Labour Migration between Nepal and India

The enduring relationship between Nepal and India is the focus of this study, which delves into the social and cultural dynamics adopted by Nepali and Indian labour migrants in their respective destinations. The study extends to the examination of labour migrants' social backgrounds, encompassing aspects such as religion, caste, ethnicity, education, and family structure. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study incorporates case studies supported by field observations in the destination countries. The gathered data undergoes analysis through descriptive statistics, allowing for a comparative assessment between the two migrant groups. While the socio-cultural status of both groups exhibits slight differences, disparities in caste and ethnicity indicators are noted between Nepal and India. Notably, a significant proportion of Nepali labour migrants hail from Dalit communities when compared to other caste and ethnic groups. In contrast, Indian labour migrants, predominantly from the Other Backward Class (OBC), exhibit a different trend. The volume of Nepali labour migrants heading to India surpasses that of Indian labour migrants to Nepal. The shorter migration distance for Indian labour migrants enables frequent visits to their place of origin, facilitating the celebration of local traditions and culture. In contrast, Nepali labour migrants encounter fewer opportunities to return to their destination regularly. A noteworthy observation is the comparatively higher educational status of Nepali labour migrants as opposed to their Indian counterparts heading to Nepal. The nuanced differences between the two migrant groups correlate with their religious affiliations and socio-economic backgrounds. Interestingly, both groups exhibit a limited number of enrolled children in destination schools, indicating a shared challenge in accessing education opportunities.