Placental Transfer Of Vitamin Research Articles

Placental transfer of vitamin K in the horse

Placental transfer of vitamin K in the horse

Relation of High Cholesterol diet to Placental Transfer of Vitamin A

Relation of High Cholesterol diet to Placental Transfer of Vitamin A

Disposition of vitamin K 1 (phylloquinone) in the isolated perfused human placental lobule

The placental transfer of vitamin K 1 was studied in isolation from maternal and foetal metabolism by using perfusion of an isolated human placental lobule. The disposition of [ 3H]-vitamin K 1 and [ 14C]-antipyrine was investigated after dosing either maternal or foetal circulations and perfusing the isolated placental lobule in dual recirculating mode for 4–10 hours. The uptakes of [ 3H]-vitamin K 1 and [ 14C]-antipyrine at maternal and foetal surfaces were compared after administering a single bolus dose. Although evidence was not found for significant transfer of vitamin K 1 in either direction across the placenta the transfer of a small fraction of water-soluble tritium radioactivity was recorded. The observed uptake of vitamin K 1 into placental tissue from maternal and foetal circulations of tissue culture medium (with or without added lipoprotein fractions), appeared to follow simple diffusion. However, while vitamin K1 was readily extracted into placental tissue form tissue culture medium (with or without added lipoprotein fractions), it was not readily extracted from maternal third-trimester serum and the existance of a specific transport mechanism for the transfer of vitamin K 1 cannot be dismissed.

Maternal and fetal plasma vitamin E to total lipid ratio and fetal RBC antioxidant function during gestational development.

Placental transfer of vitamin E was investigated from 19 to 35 weeks of gestation by analysis of fetal and maternal blood samples for total tocopherol, total lipids, and fetal red blood cell antioxidant reserves. Fifty-two fetal blood samples were obtained under ultrasonographic guide by percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. Thirteen were from fetuses with gestational age less than or equal to 22 weeks (x serum vitamin E = 0.4 +/- 0.14 mg/dl), 12 were from fetuses at 23-27 weeks gestation (x serum vitamin E = 0.4 +/- 0.21 mg/dl), and 27 were from fetuses with gestational age 28-38 weeks (x serum level = 0.37 +/- 0.18). Total lipid levels ranged from 140 to 216 mg/dl. Maternal plasma vitamin E concentrations correlated significantly with concurrent values in the fetus. There were no significant differences in serum vitamin E levels or vitamin E to total lipid ratio in samples from early, mid, or late gestation in either the mother or fetus. Red blood cell antioxidant reserve on samples from 18 fetuses were grossly abnormal by three different functional assays. On the basis of these data, placental transfer of vitamin E appears to be relatively constant through advancing gestation. Red blood cell antioxidant reserve is uniformly low.

Vitamin E and its role in the nutrition of the gilt and sow: A review

There is evidence that supplementation of most sow diets with vitamin E is necessary. The common recommendation for supplemental vitamin E in sow diets is 10–20 IU kg −1 diet. This level of vitamin E is adequate to meet needs of the sow for reproduction and to maintain body reserves of α-tocopherol over several parities. Reproducing females can tolerate lower dietary intakes of vitamin E if the levels of Se in the diet are adequate. If body reserves are maintained, the sow, through the colostrum and milk, can supply the neonate with the α-tocopherol required for normal growth and maintenance of tissue integrity. The neonatal piglet is dependent on the sow's colostrum for its α-tocopherol requirements as little placental transfer of vitamin E occurs during gestation. Placental transfer of α-tocopherol is resistant to dietary manipulation while colostral transfer can be enhanced by dietary supplementation. The dietary level of vitamin E in the sow gestation and lactation diet optimal for immune function in both sow and her piglet has not been established. Based on preliminary studies, the level needed is higher than that stated above for growth and reproduction. Enhancements in immune response have been observed with additions of 40–60 IU vitamin E kg −1 diet. This potential for enhancement of the sow's and piglet's immune response by dietary supplementation of vitamin E represents a possibility to improve pre-weaning survival of piglets.

The role of selenium in the placental transfer of vitamin E in the rat.

SummaryTransfer of tritium-labeled α-to-copherol across the placental membrane was significantly lower (p<0.005) in rats receiving dietary selenium supplementation than in a selenium- and vitamin E-deficient group. Approximately equal fetal uptake of radioactivity was observed in groups receiving either supplementary selenium or vitamin E, while the lowest placental transfer occurred in rats receiving coincidental dietary supplementation with both selenium and vitamin E. Whether these differences in transfer of α-to-copherol to the fetuses relate to a sparing effect of selenium for vitamin E in the fetal tissue, or are due to variations in the amount of maternal tissue retention of the administered dose, thus limiting the amount available for fetal uptake, remains to be determined.

VITAMIN E BLOOD LEVELS IN PREMATURE AND FULL TERM INFANTS

Newborn infants showed serum tocopherol levels approximately one-fifth those of the maternal levels. During the first six days after birth, the serum tocopherols of breast-fed infants increased much more rapidly than those of bottle-fed infants. These differences were still evident at 1 to 4, and at 5 to 8, months of age. Premature infants fed an artificial formula low in vitamin E showed a rapid decline in serum tocopherol levels. These studies confirm and amplify other evidence that placental transfer of vitamin E is decidedly limited while mammary transfer is much more extensive.

The Influence of Tocopherols upon the Mammary and Placental Transfer of Vitamin A in the Sheep, Goat and Pig

Supplementing the prepartum ration with 12,000 I.U. of vitamin A daily per 100 lbs. live weight increased the liver stores of vitamin A of the newborn and vitamin A content of the colostrum. Supplementing the prepartum ration with 80 mg. of tocopherols per 100 lbs. live weight increased the liver stores of vitamin A in the newborn lamb but had little effect on the liver storage of vitamin A in the newborn kid and pig. Tocopherol supplementation at the levels fed had no influence on the vitamin A content of the colostrum of the species studied. Tocopherol supplementation in combination with vitamin A had no significant effect on the vitamin A stores of the newborn at birth or on the vitamin A content of colostrum, when compared to those receiving only vitamin A.