Placement Of Static Synchronous Compensator Research Articles

Novel nine level switched capacitor multi-level inverter based STATCOM for distribution system

FACTS based devices are mostly used in power systems due to their capacity to improve system stability. The Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), a shunt-connected device in the FACTS device family, is used for power compensation, power balancing, and enhancing dynamic stability in contemporary power systems. In the proposed work, STATCOM based novel nine level switched capacitor based multi-level inverter (MLI) is used to reduce power quality issues. The proposed novel inverter has a few number of switches with one voltage source. The placement of STATCOM based inverters in the wrong places may have detrimental effects on power loss and electricity quality. To overcome these issues, green anaconda optimization (GAO) is used to allocate the proposed system in an optimal place. The performance of the proposed inverter is examined using the MATLAB/Simulink tool. This inverter requires fewer switches and achieves DC link voltage balances in comparison to any other existing conventional topologies. STATCOM based inverter is validated under different faulty conditions to show the effectiveness of this inverter. The proposed new inverter has nine levels and compensates for the poor state while improving power quality. The proposed method has a substantially lower total harmonic distortion (THD) of 1.04 % while maintaining an efficiency of 99.02 %. Experimental validation is established using a dSPACE RTI1104 controller to validate the proposed method. Experimental results obtained 1.04 % of harmonics with the same output voltage as the simulation.

Voltage stability improvement and power losses reduction through multiple grid contingency supports

A stable power system is a desirable state for the optimal performance and delivery of electricity to the end-users. This study evaluates the effectiveness of grid contingency support devices in power system stability enhancement. The new voltage stability pointer (NVSP) was employed to optimally infer the flexible alternating current transmission systems devices through N − 1 contingency ranking. In this research, the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) was considered as a grid support device. The effectiveness of this technique was validated in R2018a MATLAB with the IEEE 30-bus system using different combinable contingency cases to ascertain the critical lines and vulnerable buses to outages. Based on the results obtained through the NVSP, buses 30, 26, and 29 were cited as STATCOM candidate buses for overall optimal grid performance. The results obtained from the simulation revealed that the total real power loss was reduced by 90.21%. Similarly, the voltage magnitude of the buses was significantly improved to a minimum of 1.00 p.u. after placement of STATCOMs. Further investigation on single STATCOM placement in the IEEE 30-bus system revealed that the highest level of voltage improvement, minimum level of voltage deviation and maximum active power loss reduction was achieved when the STATCOM was placed at bus 30. The overall assessment of the proposed technique yielded better results compared with other methods on the same test system.

A Literature Review on the Optimal Placement of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) in Distribution Networks

The existing distribution networks were designed at a time when there was virtually no embedded generation. The design methods ensured the voltage at various parts of the network remained within the limits required by standards, and for the most part, this was very successfully achieved. As Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) started to grow, the rise in voltage due to injected currents and the local impedances started to push network voltages toward, and even above, the desired upper limits. Voltage limits are based on typical appliance requirements, and long-term over-voltages will ultimately result in unacceptably short appliance life spans. Distribution Static Compensators (dSTATCOMs) are shunt-connected devices that can improve low-voltage networks’ performance by injecting currents that do not transfer real power. The currents can be reactive, negative or zero sequence, or harmonic. System performance can be improved by reducing conduction loss, improving voltage profile and voltage balance, or reducing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). To obtain these benefits, optimal sizes of dSTATCOMs need to be placed at optimal locations within the distribution network. This paper has considered seventy research articles published over the past years related to the optimal placement and sizing of dSTATCOMs. In this study, minimization of power losses, voltage profile improvement, loadablity factor, voltage sag mitigation, and reduction in annual operating costs are considered fitness functions that are subjected to multiple constraint sets. The optimization algorithms found in the literature are categorized into six methods: analytical methods, artificial neural network-based methods, sensitivity approaches, metaheuristic methods, a combination of metaheuristic and sensitivity analysis, and miscellaneous. This study also presents a comparison among distribution network types, load flow methods optimization tools, etc. Therefore, a comprehensive review of optimal allocation and sizing of dSTATCOMs in distribution networks is presented in this paper, and guidance for future research is also provided.

Micro-Grid Stability Improvement Using Static Synchronous Compensator Assisted with Battery Energy Storage System

Integration of distributed generation (DG) with a distribution network is essential for the best utilization of renewable resources in better economics and clean environmental aspect. Micro-grid (MG) is an aggregation of electrical loads and DGs. Intermittencies of load variation has adverse effect on the voltage at the point of a common couple (PCC). It also prevents the restoring of MG power back to a stable state. In this article, the placement of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) Assisted with Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) at PCC scheme is developed. STATCOM assisted with battery energy storage system (BESS) provides instant power support for coupled MG with the power grid to ensure voltage stability margin at PCC and it is effective in restoring power stability.  Proposed scheme is implemented on a test system that is simulated in MATLAB-SIMULINK. The obtained results verify the effectiveness of placing STATCOM assisted with BESS at PCC.

Application of static synchronous compensator and energy storage system for power system stability enhancement

The major drivers of the quest for optimal placement of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices are the quest for smart grids and economic indicators. The demand for energy and power stability will continue much as the astronomic growth in industries and increase in global population remains. The aim of this paper is to deliver a panoramic view of the use of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) in combination with energy storage system (ESS) in order to enhance power stability. In this paper, it was observed that application of ESS is an important factor in attaining power stability and mitigating the effect of dynamics associated with the power supply system. The miniaturization of batteries and adequate placement of STATCOMs will be a challenge much as new power system are built or existing ones are expanded. The future of ESS is towards the adoption of renewable energy sources as against batteries.

Analysis, Control and Optimal Placement of Static Synchronous Compensator with/without Battery Energy Storage

Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and battery energy storage (BES) have been increasingly employed in power systems for the reliable and economic operation of power transmission. However, the transient interaction between the electrical power of synchronous generator (SG) and the active power of STATCOM with/without BES is still misunderstood and treated incorrectly. This paper presents an analysis of this interaction and investigates the control and optimal placement of STATCOM with/without BES for the purpose of improving SG’s damping, and thus enhancing system’s oscillation damping performance. The results show that (1) the deviated electrical power of SG is not equal to the active power of STATCOM. Instead, it is related to STATCOM’s current, placement and SG’s electrical states, (2) with the increased damping as the index, the optimal location for STATCOM with BES is at the terminal of SG, while it is at the electrical mid-point of the transmission line for STATCOM without BES. Non-linear simulations and eigenvalue analysis are performed to validate the correctness of the above results.

Voltage profile improvement analysis during the loss of transmission lines on 150kv subsystem using static synchronous compensator

A Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device which is Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is commonly use to overcome voltage instability issue. However, the implementation of the STATCOM may cause a voltage increasement within the allowable limits in all areas and maintain the voltage stability of interconnected system. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimum placement of STATCOM to maintain the voltage profile of 150 kV subsystem during the loss of the transmission lines. The proposed methodology is verified by using a 150 kV interconnected system where the loss of two 150 kV transmission lines may lead to a voltage instability in the entire interconnected subsystem. The results show that the proposed method can maintain the voltage stability in the subsystem within the allowable limits in all period.

Improvement of large power system with facts devices placement to maxim-IZE the system load ability

Voltage instabilities and/or collapses have been recognized as one of the major causes of power system blackouts. The main objective of this paper is to provide some solutions to prevent large power systems from voltage collapse. The FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Sys-tems) devices placement gives new opportunities for enhancing voltage stability. The calculation of the loadability point is based on the con-tinuation power flow technique (CPF) to choosing the optimal placement of STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) in order to improve voltage stability by increasing the loading parameter, maintaining bus voltages at desired level and minimizing losses in a power system network.A 39-bus New England power system is chosen as test case in order to illustrate this approach. The obtained results show the efficiency of the proposed method for the planning of the Static Synchronous Compensator optimal placement and the voltage stability enhancement.

Small Signal Stability Enhancement using STATCOM based on Eigen Value Analysis

In this paper, the advancement in small signal stability via the optimal placement of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and its performance is considered. The Eigen values are employed to analyze the stability of the WSCC system and the analysis has been done by PSAT software. It has been studied through light, medium, heavy, heavy one loading conditions unlike the existing system. At heavy one loading condition, the stability of the system collapses and the system has positive Eigen values. The system with STATCOM has the ability to work with stability though it undergoes heavy one loading conditions compared to the system without STATCOM and the positive Eigen values in the system is nil. The outcome of the proposed approach shows that STATCOM enhances the small signal stability excellently in the power system network.

An Index for STATCOM Placement to Facilitate Grid Integration of DER

In recent years, the penetration level of renewable-based distributed energy resource (DER) units has increased significantly. Consequently, standards have been developed and deployed demanding small DER units to operate in constant power factor mode and large DER units in voltage control mode. This results in exposing small DER units to the problem of slow voltage recovery for contingencies like faults. Hence, this paper proposes a methodology of static and dynamic reactive power compensation to avoid tripping of small DER units due to slow voltage recovery. A new sensitivity index has been developed for the placement of STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM) to ensure fast voltage recovery at all the buses of interest. The case studies involving two IEEE test systems with varying size and load compositions validate the proposed methodology and index.

Optimal placement of multiple STATCOM for voltage stability margin enhancement using particle swarm optimization

This paper proposes an approach for optimal placement of STATic synchronous COMpensator (STATCOM) in power systems. The approach is based on the simultaneous application of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and continuation power flow (CPF) to improve voltage profile, minimizing power system total losses, and for maximizing system loadability with respect to the size of STATCOM. Simulation results show the suitability of the PSO technique in finding multiple optimal solutions to the problem with reasonable computational effort. The installation of the STATOCM on these buses can increase the system voltage stability margin. The proposed technique is examined on the IEEE57 bus test system.