Placement Of DG Units Research Articles

Optimal Allocation of Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Distribution Network using Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm

The main focus of this article is the optimal allocation of wind turbines, solar PV and storage in 33 bus radial distribution system. The arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) was employed in this work for the optimal sizing of wind turbine and solar PV units with batteries in 33 bus distribution networks. The 1 year period is divided into multiple time segments, and each time segment is evaluated independently. For each time slot solar irradiance and wind speed are generated using suitable probability distribution function. Sensitivity analysis was done to find potential buses that might be placed to reduce computation time and search space. The Backward-Forward sweep technique was used to conduct load flow analysis. For the sake of stability, a reasonable penetration level is selected. The overall energy loss is minimized by the AOA optimization method under equality and inequality constraints. The suggested technique was tested on 33 buses, and it was observed that correct sizing and placement of DG units results in a significant decrease in losses with improved voltage profile.

Optimal Placement of Micro Distribution Generator in Micro-Grid for Loss Minimization Using PSO

The major aim of DG optimal placement is obtaining the best DGs units sizes and locations so as to have optimum operation and planning of the distribution network system while considering DG capacity constraint. This paper addresses the issues related to the improvement of voltage profile and power loss reduction by integrating DG units. The technique was applied to optimally placed optimum DG unit size in distribution systems for the improvement of candidate bus voltage and reduction of power loss in the system. The technique proposed was simulated on IEEE-10 bus and IEEE-13 bus standard test system, and the obtained results show that the proposed method is strong and effective for optimal placement of DG units.

Optimal DG placement in power markets from DG Owners’ perspective considering the impact of transmission costs

• The DG placement problem has been solved from the DG owners' perspective based on locational marginal prices (LMPs). • The impact of transmission costs is considered in DG placement. • The contribution of DGs from the power flow is calculated using generalized generation/load distribution factors (GGDFs/GLDFs). • The transmission cost allocated to DGs is determined by the MW-Mile method. • The method provides DG owners with an effective tool to make optimal decisions. Among many studies proposed to solve the DG placement problem, only a few papers have addressed this issue from DG owners' perspective, none of which has taken the important role of transmission costs allocated to DGs into account. In this paper, optimal placement of DG units in an optimal power flow based wholesale electricity market with the aim of maximizing DG owners' economic benefits is carried out, with specific consideration given to transmission costs allocated to DGs. The proposed approach takes both production and transmission cost components into account in the DG placement process, so that in order to achieve the most optimal size and site of DGs from their owners' point of view, the problem of optimal placement is formulated for maximizing the DG owners' revenue while minimizing their allocated costs (production and transmission cost alike). Generalized load distribution factors (GLDFs) are used to determine DGs' share of the power flow, and transmission costs are allocated using the MW-Mile method. Finally, two criteria are proposed to identify suitable load buses for optimal DG placement. Two case studies based on IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus are used to demonstrate the applicability and validity of the proposed method.

Optimal Integration of Distributed Generation in Distribution System: A Case Study of Sallaghari Feeder from Thimi Switching Station, Bhaktapur, Nepal

The modern power distribution network is constantly being faced with an ever-growing load demand resulting into increased burden and reduced voltage, which leads to find alternative source of energy to meet it. In Nepal, the electricity supply is based on hydropower primarily, which are situated very far from load centers and hence the generated power are to be transmitted through transmission and distributed system. Among the systems, radial distribution system is popular because of low cost and simple design, but it has power quality issues like low voltage profile and higher loss. In response to the problem of increased load demand, efforts have been made to decentralize this infrastructure through the use of distributed generators. However, the improper sizing and placement of DG unit may lead to higher power loss and power instability. The optimization problem of DG unit placement and its capacity determination were performed in this research. The study has been carried out for Thimi-Sallaghari Feeder and this feeder has low voltage profile and higher power loss. The IEEE 33 bus test system was examined as a test case to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The study has been carried out in MATLAB using “Backward and Forward Sweep Method” for load flow analysis and Genetic Algorithm for optimization. The number of DG unit of different size integrated was varied from one to ten. The result of this study showed that the voltage at minimum voltage node, maximum active and reactive loss reduction of Thimi-Sallaghari feeder have been improved by 3.69% (from 0.942 p.u. to 0.976 p.u), 75.88 % and 75.88 % respectively with placement of DG units at three bus locations of total 658.2019 kW and 395.873 kVAR capacity. Likewise, the voltage at minimum voltage node, maximum active and reactive loss of IEEE- 33 bus system have been improved by 6.88 %, 90.11% and 89.9% respectively with placement of DG units of total 2215.488 kW and 1176.059 kVAR at 6 different locations of the network.

Optimal Placement of DG Units for Loss Reduction in Distribution Systems Using One Rank Cuckoo Search Algorithm

Optimal Placement of DG Units for Loss Reduction in Distribution Systems Using One Rank Cuckoo Search Algorithm

Optimal determination of island boundaries besides the optimal placement of D-STATCOM devices and DG units

In this study, integration of three important concepts of distributed generation, D-FACTS devices, and microgrids are evaluated. The performance of a microgrid is dependent on its location, capacity, and placement of DG units and D-FACTS devices. In this paper a new method is proposed to simultaneously determine the optimal number, location, and capacity of DG units and D-STATCOM devices and optimal boundaries of electrical islands in the independent mode of microgrids. The main objective is to minimize the economic costs. The optimal locations of DG units and D-STATCOM devices should be determined to maximize the DG capacities with minimum loss in the best voltage profile and in the grid-connected mode of microgrids. Moreover, this locating besides simultaneous determination of island boundaries makes it possible to supply the maximum load in the islanded mode operation. To meet the mentioned goals, the PSO algorithm and MATLAB software are used. Analyzing the obtained results shows that the proposed method has suitable capability in optimal operation and cost management of distribution network planning.

An Analytical Approach for DG Placement in Reconfigured Distribution Networks

<p>A novel approach is proposed in this paper for optimal placement of DG units in reconfigured distribution system with the aim of reduction of real power losses while satisfying operating constraints. The proposed analytical method for optimal DG placement is developed based on a new mathematical formulation. Type-I and type-II DG units are used here. The results of the proposed technique are validated on IEEE 69 bus distribution system. The level of DG penetration is also considered in a range of 0–50% of total system load. A novel index is also proposed which incorporates level of DG penetration and percentage reduction in real power losses. The results are promising when compared with recently proposed algorithms.</p>

Optimal Placement of DG Units Considering Power Losses Minimization and Voltage Stability Enhancement in Power System

Nowadays, increasing the numbers of DG units has affected the system parameters like stability and power losses. Controlling these parameters makes the power system operators optimize the placement and penetration level of these sources. Consequently, several methods with various targets have been studied until now. In this paper, the evaluation of placement and penetration level of DG units considering stability improvement and power losses reduction has been investigated. To achieve these goals, different objective functions with several operating constraints were proposed. The well-known NSGA_II was utilized to optimize the objective functions considering the operating constraints. NSGA_II is an evolutionary based multi-objective optimization tools which has great advantages in comparison with other evolutionary algorithms. The utilized method was applied to IEEE 14 -bus and 57 -bus test systems. The ability of the proposed method in enhancing of voltage stability, improvement of voltage profile, and reduction of power losses were confirmed using simulation results.

Enhancement of Voltage Stability in Distribution Systems by Optimal Placement of Distribution Generator

ABSTRACT This article presents a methodology for optimal placement of DG units in distribution networks to guarantee the enhancement of voltage profile, maximize loadability and reduce distribution system losses. The methodology aims to find the configuration, among a set of system components, which meets the desired system reliability requirements, taking into account the stability limits. Results shown in the article indicate that the proposed formulations can be used to determine which are the best buses, where the addition of small distributed generator units can greatly enhance the voltage stability of the whole system and improve power transfer capability by reducing the system power losses. The proposed methodology is tested and compared with the existing distribution system.