PIV Methods Research Articles

Green dielectric exploration: spectrographic analysis and technical feasibility of vegetable oils in EDM via PIV, TOPSIS, and MOORA evaluation methods

Achieving a sustainable dielectric medium for Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) has now drawn the attention of researchers and industries alike. Increased awareness among the Government and NGOs paved the way for the manufacturing industries to move towards a green environment and sustainability in the production process. To search for sustainable dielectric, 5 different types of oils viz., Jatropha, coconut, groundnut, sunflower, and EDM 4 oil (conventional oil) are experimented in this paper and revealed its suitability of potential replacement for the conventional dielectric. The properties such as viscosity, density, flash point, electrical conductivity, and BDV (Break down Voltage) are tested as per the standards. Since the number of output response is more than, Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) algorithms namely PIV, TOPSIS, and MOORA are used for the ranking and optimization. Entropy weight method is adopted to endow criteria weight to each of the MADM techniques. Jatropha oil has been ascertained to be rank 1 followed by groundnut, coconut, sunflower, and EDM 4 oil. Subsequently, the Gas Chromatography & Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis has revealed the quantitative constituents present in Jatropha as well as remaining oils. Furthermore GC–MS analysis reports that the retention time of Jatropha (43.042 min) is relatively longer than other oils except coconut oil, to release Ricinoleic acids. Groundnut and EDM 4 oils took relatively less retention time to release the alkanes. Machining performance was also conducted with the obtained dielectric and compared with conventional type oil (EDM 4 oil).

Development of the full Lagrangian approach for modeling dilute dispersed media flows (a review)

Continuum models of media with zero pressure are widely used in various branches of physics and mechanics, including studies of a dilute dispersed phase in multiphase flows. In zero-pressure media, the particle trajectories may intersect, “folds” and “puckers” of the phase volume may arise, and “caustics” (the envelopes of particle trajectories) may appear, near which the density of the medium sharply increases. In recent decades, the phenomena of clustering and aerodynamic focusing of inertial admixture in gas and liquid flows have attracted increasing attention of researchers. This is due to the importance of taking into account the inhomogeneities in the impurity concentration when describing the transport of aerosol pollutants in the environment, the mechanisms of droplet growth in rain clouds, scattering of radiation by dispersed inclusions, initiation of detonation in two-phase mixtures, as well as when solving problems of two-phase aerodynamics, interpretation of measurements obtained by LDV or PIV methods, and in many other applications. These problems gave an impetus to a significant increase in the number of publications devoted to the processes of accumulation and clustering of inertial particles in gas and liquid flows. Within the framework of classical two-fluid models and standard Eulerian approaches assuming single-valuedness of continuum parameters of the media, it turns out impossible to describe zones of multi-valued velocity fields and density singularities in flows with crossing particle trajectories. One of the alternatives is the full Lagrangian approach proposed by the author earlier. In recent years, this approach has been further developed in combination with averaged Eulerian and Lagrangian (vortex-blob method) methods for describing the dynamics of the carrier phase. Such combined approaches made it possible to study the structure of local zones of accumulation of inertial particles in vortex, transient, and turbulent flows. This article describes the basic ideas of the full Lagrangian approach, provides examples of the most significant results which illustrate the unique capabilities of the method, and gives an overview of the main directions of further development of the method as applied to transient, vortex, and turbulent flows of “gas-particle” media. Some of the ideas discussed and the results presented below are of a more general interest, since they are also applicable to other models of zero-pressure media.

Volumetric Reconstruction Of Stagnated Wake Structures In Adverse Pressure Gradient

To gather insights about turbulent structures of a wake in adverse pressure gradient, a wind tunnel model is investigated with PIV methods. A flat plate of L = 1.058 m at zero angle of attack is placed in the MUB wind tunnel at TU Braunschweig. The wake convects downstream into a carefully designed diffuser, where it undergoes a pressure increase of ∆c p = +0.6. Wakes, with the common example of a cylinder shedding van-Karman vortices, are generally prone to instability. The wake instability of the sharp-edged plate is attenuated by the adverse pressure gradient, manifesting in large coherent structures that carry up to 37 % of the turbulent kinetic energy. While the primary shedding motion is effectively a quasi-2D motion, a secondary mode of is also observed: Over the span S = 1.3 m of the wake, it organizes in three distinct cells. Their motion is similar to "owl-eyes", that are known to appear on separated flow over smooth 2D bodies. The presence of these modes reduces the average flow velocity in the wake centre up to stagnation in the mean sense. Because stagnation and shedding does occur far away from any solid surfaces, this test case offers excellent observability of the phenomenon with PIV methods. RANS results of this setup cannot predict the flow stagnation accurately. Because the shedding frequency is low compared to freestream velocity, scale and time resolving IDDES results need to run many convective time units until the observed instability develops. While the original goal of observing small scale turbulent wake structures is compromised by the large shedding modes, the observation gives an insight on wake-bursting phenomena that occur on multi-element high-lift devices. The mode shedding and consequent wake stagnation is sensitive to the Reynolds-number (Re = [1.6 ... 3.2] · 10 6 ) as well as to the initial boundary layer thickness of the flat plate.

Selection of peanut butter machine by the integrated PSI-SV-MARCOS method

Production enterprises are enterprises that produce goods or services that aim to meet human needs such as machinery-equipment materials and labour. In order for a manufacturing enterprise to carry out its activities successfully, it must make the right choice when choosing its inputs. The correct execution of production activities and the selection of machinery, which requires high capital investments, also affect the efficiency of the enterprises, the correct use of materials and their costs. Therefore, it is an important decision for business managers to choose the right machine. At this stage, multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods are used for choosing the right machine. MCDM methods are methods used in the evaluation of alternatives using more than one criterion. In addition, the MCDM method is used in machine selection as well as in many areas. In this study, PSI, SV and MARCOS methods, which are among the MCDM methods, were used for peanut butter machine selection. First, the criteria and alternatives to be used for the peanut butter machine selection were determined by interviewing a peanut butter factory manager. In the study, while the criteria weights were determined, PSI and SV methods were used, while the machines were ranked with the MARCOS method. In addition, the MARCOS method was compared with other MCDM methods such as PIV, CODAS and WEDBA methods. After the rankings were found according to the methods, the relations between the rankings were examined using the Spearman Correlation method. The main purpose of the study is to determine the suitable butter machine for a peanut paste production factory. Contribution of this study to the literature PSI, SV and MARCOS methods were used together for the first time. In addition, no study has been found in the literature related to peanut butter machine. Therefore, this study is original and contributes to the literature.

Applicability of deep learning optical flow estimation for PIV methods

Recently, there have been some attempts to introduce the method of deep learning-based optical flow(DL-based OF) into PIV measurements. These attempts have made it possible to estimate the flow field with higher accuracy and higher spatial resolution. The current mainstream deep-learning optical flow estimation method often requires a training set whose data distribution is closer to the real sample when completing the target task. However, there is a certain difference between the rigid body motion dataset commonly used in the field of computer vision and the fluid motion dataset in PIV measurements. Whether networks trained with rigid-body data can be directly applied to fluids has not been fully discussed. However, in existing attempts to introduce the DL-based OF method into the field of PIV measurement, the influence of the characteristics of the PIV particle image on the calculation results of the deep learning optical flow estimation (DL-based OF) has not been fully discussed. Therefore, the boundary conditions of the learning method for PIV calculation cannot be fully demonstrated. In this study, we selected the Flownet2 network, which is a classical baseline model on rigid body datasets, as a representative deep learning optical flow estimation method for experiments. Based on the characteristics of various particle images, this study generates a dataset with a wide range of parameters, such as particle density, particle diameter, sheet thickness, and maximum displacement, which are key to the generation of PIV simulation images and discusses the sensitivity of DL-based OF methods under extreme parameter conditions. This study compares (1) the model parameters trained using rigid body datasets such as Sintel, (2) the model parameters trained using synthetic PIV images, (3) the PIV-WIDIM method, and (4) the Optical Flow-Farneback method. The results reveal that the DL-based OF methods in (1) and (2) have a higher spatial resolution and estimation accuracy than the traditional methods in (3)] and (4). Training with the synthetic fluid dataset results in a smoother flow field in method (2)] compared with training with the rigid body dataset in method (1). In the case of limited training set parameters, Flownet2 can still be suitable for extreme conditions, such as small particle concentration, small particle diameter, insufficient particle brightness, or small particle displacement.

Experimental investigation and analysis on the cross flow characteristics over inline tube bundles with S/D=1.875

Helical tube bundles are usually used for steam generators (SGs) and intermediate heat exchangers (IHXs) of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGRs). The thermal hydraulic performance of SGs/IHXs is dominated by the cross flow convection over tube bundles in the primary side. Though cross flow over tube bundles were widely investigated as a basic flow pattern, few of them focused on tube bundles with 1.4-1.6<S/D<2-2.2 (S, tube pitch, D, tube diameter). However, the designs of HTGR SGs or IHXs prefer smaller tube pitches due to the relatively low heat transfer coefficient. In present investigation, velocity distribution, surface pressure distribution and drag/lift force of cross flow over tube bundle with S/D=1.875 are measured and investigated thoroughly in a wind tunnel. The velocity fields are measured using time resolved PIV and split hot film methods. The surface pressure distribution is measured using dynamic pressure transducers. The drag and lift forces are measured using high frequency wind tunnel balance. Due to the friction drag introduced by the bounded wall, the time averaged velocity in the flow passage next to the bounded wall is smaller than those in the middle flow passages. The surface pressure distributions between the impinging point and the separation point on tubes are characterized by the acceleration effects when fluid flowing into the region between neighboring tubes in the same row. The increasingly significant pressure recovery after separation results in the decreasing tendency of flow resistance coefficient with Reynolds number (Re) increment. A main frequency corresponding to Sr=0.114 (Sr, Strouhal number) is observed in both surface pressure and velocity spectrums, indicating that the vortex shedding induces the turbulent wake swinging. The turbulent wakes after tubes in the same row swing with no phase lag, while turbulent wakes of tubes in neighboring rows swing with a phase lag around 0.33 periods. By using an improved phase average method, phase averaged turbulent statistics and instantaneous coherent structures are obtained. The main flow region swings with vortex shedding. The region with larger 〈u′u′〉 (u′, fluctuating component of stream wise velocity) mainly locates at the shear layer, swinging with the vortex shedding. The region with larger 〈v′v′〉, (v′, fluctuating component of transverse velocity) mainly locates in front of the tubes, where transverse flow sweeps the upwind side of the tubes.

Progress towards a Miniaturised PIV System.

Particle image velocimetry is an important optical flow diagnostic tool due to its capacity for investigating a whole flow field without introducing disturbances. However, a significant drawback of PIV methods is their requirement for optical access, making capturing data in closed cavities and confined spaces extremely challenging. A potential approach to overcome this difficulty is miniaturising the system and placing the optical components inside the model. Conventional cross-correlation PIV methods do not allow this due to the size of current PIV cameras. In this study, a miniaturised autocorrelation-based stereo PIV system, which is volumetrically 1.2% of the conventional PIV cameras, was developed and tested. The miniature system is compared with a conventional stereo PIV in wind tunnel experiments up to 16 m/s free stream velocity and a 1.6% velocity difference is observed in the boundary layer flow. Despite a comparatively slow measurement rate of 4.5 Hz, the miniature PIV system demonstrates the ability to measure inside confined spaces and cavities and the ability to be mounted on board models and vehicles. However, limitations remain around conducting measurements with large velocity ranges and with regions of reversed flow due to the challenge of resolving a velocity of 0 m/s.

Experimental investigation of low-temperature autoignition in turbulent premixed swirling flames

The role of low-temperature chemistry/ignition (LTC/LTI) in aero engine-like combustors that feature confined bluff-body and swirling flows inside has been studied in the present work. A series of CH4/DME/air mixtures were experimentally investigated at ϕ=0.65 with the volume fraction of DME in the fuel blend (αDME) ranging from 0% to 100% to take LTI into account. To this end, OH-PLIF and CH2O-PLIF measurements combined with PIV and thermocouple methods are used to capture high-temperature and low-temperature flames (HTFs and LTFs) and the flow field and temperature in the outer recirculation zone (ORZ). It is found that adding DME into the lean CH4/air mixture has the potential to introduce LTF in the ORZ under certain conditions. There are three flame regimes in the bluff-body swirl burner in terms of DME enrichment (αDME): (1) When αDME<50%, neither of LTF and HTF exist in the ORZ, and only a V-shape HTF is observed between the inner shear layer (ISL) and inner recirculation zone (IRZ), denoted as regime I. (2) When 50%≤αDME≤70%, a stable LTF in the ORZ can co-exist with the above V-shape HTF, denoted as regime II. (3) When αDME>70%, besides the V-shape HTF, the LTF in the ORZ and a new HTF front between the ORZ and outer shear layer (OSL) can exist intermittently, i.e., the LTF first occurs in the ORZ and then transitions to the new HTF between the ORZ and OSL, denoted as regime III. Furthermore, using an ignition Damköhler number (Daig), defined as the ratio of maximum fluid residence time and evaluated shortest first-stage or second-stage ignition delay time in the ORZ, is able to reasonably classify the flame regimes. These results open up the possibility of employing LTI to extend the stability margin of lean swirling flames.

A novel double-image-sequence correlation method for time-resolved particle image velocimetry

This work reports a novel method with a goal of improving the accuracy and robustness of time-resolved particle image velocimetry (TR-PIV) measurements. This method, named double-image-sequence correlation (DISC), accomplishes this goal by utilizing the temporal information stored in TR-PIV measurements. The key to such utilization is that the DISC method constructs two separate image sequences with well-selected sequence length and separation time. As a result, multiple cross-correlation maps from consecutive image pairs can be averaged to reduce the random measurement noises (e.g., due to laser shot-to-shot variation and out-of-plane flow motion), and also each individual cross-correlation map can be obtained using the image pair separated with optimal time to further reduce the uncertainties due to other factors such as non-optimal in-plane velocity gradients and flow accelerations. The DISC method was validated both numerically and experimentally. The results illustrated that this method was able to enhance the accuracy of velocity measurements by 20.4–47.2% in terms of velocity error and by 7.8–22.9% in terms of non-physical Eulerian acceleration, compared to past multi-frame PIV methods.

Comparative study of LDA and PIV methods for flow homogeneity measurements

Abstract In the Hydraulic Laboratory of the Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava the distribution of the flow velocity in a shaft intake structure was investigated on a physical model. The homogeneity of the flow velocity distribution in the intakes of turbines has a great influence on the turbine performance. Modern optical methods, particle image velocimetry and laser Doppler anemometry, were used to measure the flow velocity distribution in the model of the turbine intake. The particle image velocimetry method provides a record of the velocity field, while the laser Doppler anemometry method provides an accurate indication of the velocity at a given point. The flow velocity distributions in the examined profiles were measured by the particle image velocimetry and laser Doppler anemometry methods and the results were compared with each other.

Vortical flow characteristics of a slender delta wing in ground effect

This study examined the ground effect on the vortical flow structures over a 70-deg-swept slender delta wing qualitatively and quantitatively using dye flow visualization and Particle Image Velocimetry techniques. The observations with dye visualization and PIV methods were conducted in the plan-view, side-view, and end-view planes with the angles of attack of α = 25° and 35°. The distance, h between the delta wing and the ground surface nondimensionalized with the chord, c of the delta wing, was considered as h/c = 0.1, 0.25 0.55 as well as the ground-free effect flow condition. Also, the experiments were performed at a normalized chordwise location of x/c = 0.8 over the end-view plane. The results demonstrate that magnitudes of leading-edge vortices progressively diminish when the delta wing moves from the ground-free effect region towards the wing location, h/c = 0.1. Also, the rate of inboard flow from the side leading-edge towards the central axis of the wing gets higher by the influence of the ground over the suction surface of the wing. When the wing altitude is lowered towards the ground surface, the size of the leading-edge vortex core region enlarges for both angles of attack, α = 25°, and 35°. The efficiency of the wing aerodynamics is positively affected by its closeness to the ground due to the air cushion effect that occurs as a result of the pressure increase on the suction surface of the wing due to the stagnation of air in the space between the delta wing and ground.

İklim Değişikliği, Sürdürülebilir Şehirler ve Topluluklar Bağlamında Çok Kriterli Bir Değerlendirme

Sustainable development is based on a multi-layered understanding of development, particularly in terms of environmental, economic, and social factors. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), on the other hand, are a continuous and evolving development goal that can be implemented by any country in the world. The study's goal is to assess and compare countries in terms of the relationship between the SDG's 11th global goal, "sustainable cities and communities," and the SDG's 13th global goal, "climate action." Through quantitative analysis, the relationship between making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable and addressing climate change is assessed in this study. DEMATEL and PIV methods were used in the study as part of the multi-criteria decision model to rank the countries. The carbon footprint was identified as the most important criterion in the DEMATEL results. Sweden, Uruguay, Colombia, Norway, and Brazil were the top five countries in the PIV ranking.

Application of TOPSIS an PIV Methods for Multi - Criteria Decision Making in Hard Turning Process

1. TRUNG D.D., NGUYEN N. –T., DUC D.V., 2021, Study on Multi-Objective Optimization of the Turning Process of EN 10503 Steel by Combination of Teguchi Method and Moora Technique, EUREKA, Physics and Engineering, 2021/2, 52–65. Google Scholar

Effect of coherent structures on convective heat transfer in a swirling impinging jet

The present paper reports on the detailed investigation of the flow dynamics and unsteady heat transfer in an impinging jet in regimes with high swirl and vortex breakdown. A combination of the time-resolved stereoscopic PIV, time-resolved PLIF and high-speed IR-thermometry methods is used. Two cases of distances between the jet nozzle and impingement surface are considered, H = d and H = 2d. The Reynolds number is fixed as Re = 5000. The temperature distribution in the flow has a maximum on the jet axis near the surface in the region of the central recirculation zone. The data are processed using the POD method to extract coherent flow structures and quantify temperature fluctuations on the impact surface. The helical vortex structure in the case of H = d influences heat transfer between the swirling jet and the surface, the temperature fluctuations on the surface reach 0.05 degrees.

Investigation of the influence of nonbreaking waves on the turbulence using PIV methods within laboratory modelling of the upper layer ocean dynamics

The influence of nonbreaking waves on the mixing processes in the upper layer of the ocean during wind-wave interaction was investigated under the conditions of laboratory modeling at the Thermostratified Wind Wave Tank (TSWiWaT) of IAP RAS. Experiments of three types were performed. In the first experiment, shear flow in water was induced using a weak wind to avoid the excitation of surface waves. In the second experiment, in the absence of wind, only a long smooth surface wave was generated using an underwater paddle wavemaker. The third type of experiment combined the conditions of the previous two, i.e. at the same time the wave generator was working and the wind was blowing. In all experiments, the underwater flow characteristics were measured using the PIV method. Vertical profiles of the mean velocity and fluctuations for two components were obtained. It was shown that the presence of waves leads to an increase in the average drift current, as well as, more importantly, on the level of fluctuations over the entire depth of the recorded profile by more than 3 times. This was observed for horizontal and vertical turbulent velocity components both.

Application of EDAS, MARCOS, TOPSIS, MOORA and PIV Methods for Multi-Criteria Decision Making in Milling Process

Abstract Low surface roughness and high Material Removal Rate (MRR) are expected in most machining methods in general and milling method in particular. However, they sometimes do not occur, for example, the MRR is often small as the surface roughness is low. In this case, the decisions made should ensure that desires are simultaneously satisfied. This situation leads to a problem known as multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). In this study, five methods including EDAS, MARCOS, PIV, MOORA and TOPSIS are used together for the decision-making in the milling process. The purpose of the research is to determine the value of cutting parameters for both the low surface roughness and large MRR. The comparison of these methods for finding the best is carefully discussed as well.

A NEW INTEGRATED GREY MCDM MODEL: CASE OF WAREHOUSE LOCATION SELECTION

Warehouses link suppliers and customers throughout the entire supply chain. The location of the warehouse has a significant impact on the logistics process. Even though all other warehouse activities are successful, if the product dispatched from the warehouse fails to meet the customer needs in time, the company may face with the risk of losing customers. This affects the performance of the whole supply chain therefore the choice of warehouse location is an important decision problem. This problem is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem since it involves many criteria and alternatives in the selection process. This study proposes an integrated grey MCDM model including grey preference selection index (GPSI) and grey proximity indexed value (GPIV) to determine the most appropriate warehouse location for a supermarket. This study aims to make three contributions to the literature. PSI and PIV methods combined with grey theory will be introduced for the first time in the literature. In addition, GPSI and GPIV methods will be combined and used to select the best warehouse location. In this study, the performances of five warehouse location alternatives were assessed with twelve criteria. Location 4 is found as the best alternative in GPIV. The GPIV results were compared with other grey MCDM methods, and it was found that GPIV method is reliable. It has been determined from the sensitivity analysis that the change in criteria weights causes a change in the ranking of the locations therefore GPIV method was found to be sensitive to the change in criteria weights.

Assessment of fuel cell studies with particle image velocimetry applications: A key review

Fuel cells are considered to be a promising system that is utilized in several applications and in various sectors. Particle image velocimetry is extremely practicable for the exploration of the flow field inside fuel cells and channels. This paper reviews fuel cell studies focusing on the particle image velocimetry technique in the open literature. In this regard, state-of-the-art and comparative evaluation have been investigated and are discussed. Additionally, challenges, opportunities and future direction have been studied in terms of fuel cell type, size, voltage value, current value, power output capacity, and CFD applications. It is concluded that the growing demand on fuel cells will increase system design, performance improvement and cost benefit efforts affected by the flow and design parameters and characteristics which are other important issues that could be covered using PIV methods in the future. Moreover, this review paper is expected to be a better guide for researchers, policy makers and technologists working on potential commercial applications of fuel cells in mobile and stationary platforms.

Mapping and classifying large deformation from digital imagery: application to analogue models of lithosphere deformation

SUMMARY Particle image velocimetry (PIV), a method based on image cross-correlation, is widely used for obtaining velocity fields from time-series of images of deforming objects. Rather than instantaneous velocities, we are interested in reconstructing cumulative deformation, and use PIV-derived incremental displacements for this purpose. Our focus is on analogue models of tectonic processes, which can accumulate large deformation. Importantly, PIV provides incremental displacements during analogue model evolution in a spatial reference (Eulerian) frame, without the need for explicit markers in a model. We integrate the displacements in a material reference (Lagrangian) frame, such that displacements can be integrated to track the spatial accumulative deformation field as a function of time. To describe cumulative, finite deformation, various strain tensors have been developed, and we discuss what strain measure best describes large shape changes, as standard infinitesimal strain tensors no longer apply for large deformation. PIV or comparable techniques have become a common method to determine strain in analogue models. However, the qualitative interpretation of observed strain has remained problematic for complex settings. Hence, PIV-derived displacements have not been fully exploited before, as methods to qualitatively characterize cumulative, large strain have been lacking. Notably, in tectonic settings, different types of deformation—extension, shortening, strike-slip—can be superimposed. We demonstrate that when shape changes are described in terms of Hencky strains, a logarithmic strain measure, finite deformation can be qualitatively described based on the relative magnitude of the two principal Hencky strains. Thereby, our method introduces a physically meaningful classification of large 2-D strains. We show that our strain type classification method allows for accurate mapping of tectonic structures in analogue models of lithospheric deformation, and complements visual inspection of fault geometries. Our method can easily discern complex strike-slip shear zones, thrust faults and extensional structures and its evolution in time. Our newly developed software to compute deformation is freely available and can be used to post-process incremental displacements from PIV or similar autocorrelation methods.

VFF in MMU: Determination for Velocity of Fluid Flow in Multiphase Measurement Unit - Comparative Analysis

The velocity measurement of liquid flow in a channel is a challenging task still. The chemical reaction and heat transfer condition are one of the internal elements of liquid for any process and production industries. Besides, the flow velocity is a significant factor to measure temperature in liquid flow. This research article reviews an overview of the velocity of fluid measurement techniques by advanced concepts in the multiphase measurement system. Based on luminescence properties, the velocity measurement is derived by large particle spectrum analysis due to laser excitation in the machine. This mathematical model analysis is used to measure the velocity of a fluid with the same particles of velocimetry. This development can be derived from the many changes of measurement factors in the heat transfer mechanism. The flowmeter design will be optimized with this mathematical proof for phosphor thermometry measurement technique. This research article contains phosphor thermometry for the measurement with implementing techniques and how this thermometry will be appropriated for temperature measurement in liquid flow. It gives the compare graphic representation for various work of temperature measurement in liquid flow of common aspects. The successful metric measurement can be ended by various intrinsic keys to the future development of the procedure. The velocity measurement performs by LDA and PIV methods. The advantages and limitations have been discussed for both the method at most recent.