Pipe Engineering Research Articles

A techno-economic analysis of diesel exhaust injection into mine tailings for carbon sequestration

The environmental impact of off-grid mines in remote, cold climates is significantly intensified by their dependence on fossil fuels for power and heating. A promising solution lies in the potential to capture and permanently store carbon within mine tailings, thus allowing the mining industry to take a leading role in carbon removal initiatives and provide sustainable solutions. This study explores energy-optimal design scenarios for flue gas injection into mine waste to capture carbon. The approach involves installing perforated pipes within dry stack tailings. The established reduced-order model in this research serves as a novel tool for decision-making, aiding in the selection of an appropriate perforation scheme for the injection pipes embedded in the tailings. A cost analysis is also performed to assess the financial viability of the proposed concept under different operating parameters. Operational expenses, particularly energy costs, are found to be influenced by the permeability of the tailings. In instances of lower permeabilities, larger injection pipes are required. The findings indicate that achieving viable operating costs for sequestering one tonne of carbon dioxide hinges on amenable pipe sizing and engineering. Additionally, the study estimates that maintaining a reasonable level (around 1%) between the power being decarbonized and the power required for the carbon sequestration operation is crucial.

Theoretical Calculation Method of Open-Loop Pressure for Sleeve-Valve Pipe Grouting and Engineering Verification

Theoretical Calculation Method of Open-Loop Pressure for Sleeve-Valve Pipe Grouting and Engineering Verification

MODELING OF STEEL ELBOW MANUFACTURING PROCESSES VIA FINITE ELEMENT METHOD AND OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION PARAMETERS

With the advancement of today's technologies, parts of pipe and elbow elements, natural gas pipelines, petrochemicals, machinery manufacturing industry, water distribution and flow systems, sewage systems, foundation piles, shipbuilding industry, nurse containers, aviation, space and defense industry, pipe networks, refineries , steel structures, tube and pipe engineering, etc. widely used in areas. In this study, extrusion method, which is one of the cold forming methods of elbow pipes, has been investigated. When the literature is examined, the production conditions of steel pipes and the problems that occur in production have been examined by different people and suggestions have been made. In this study, the production process of AISI 316L (EN 1.4404) quality stainless steel elbow pipes has been investigated. The mold design model created with the Solidworks program was transferred to the non-linear finite element analysis software ANSYS program for simulations. The process was modeled and simulated in the transient structural analysis section of the ANSYS program. In the process of transforming the pipe into an elbow product, we have learned about the stress distributions and obtaining the total deformation changes on the elbow. The parameters of the production process have been optimized by comparing the work done in the simulation and experimental data. In this way, cost-effective production is aimed by minimizing production costs. The data was extracted by simulating the production environment and conditions.

A New Approach to the Optimal Design of a Reclaimed Urban Water Reuse System

It is strategically important to optimize the pipe network used for reclaimed urban water reuse. A large and complex system model is developed, with the minimum total annual cost of the pumping station and pipe engineering as objective functions, the head loss in the divided pipe segment as the coupling constraint, the economic flow velocity and the optimal diameter of a standard pipe as feasible domain constraints, and the design head and diameter of the pipe as decision variables. The problem is solved by combining the ratio of the discrete enumeration of the design head to the decomposition-dynamic programming aggregation of the large-scale system. This strategy can solve the problem of the optimal pipe diameter in each section of the pipe network engineering under a fixed design head of the pressurized pumping station. On this basis, the annual cost of reclaimed water reuse pipe network engineering is compared under the different design heads of the pressurized pumping stations, allowing the optimal design scheme for reclaimed water reuse pipe network engineering to be obtained. At the same time, the optimal design head of the pressurized pumping station and the optimal pipe diameter of each section can be identified. This can provide a theoretical reference for the optimal design of urban and rural water pipe networks.

Development of ToSPACE for Pipe Wall Thinning Management in Nuclear Power Plants

A number of piping components in the secondary system of nuclear power plants are exposed to aging mechanisms such as FAC (Flow-Accelerated Corrosion), cavitation, flashing, SPE (Solid Particle Erosion), LDIE (Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion), etc. Those mechanisms may lead to thinning, leak, or rupture of the components. Due to the pipe ruptures caused by wall thinning in Surry unit 2 of USA in 1986 and in Mihama unit 3 of Japan in 1994, the pipe wall thinning management has emerged as one of the most important issues in nuclear power plants. To manage the pipe wall thinning in the secondary system, Korea has used a foreign program since 1996. As using the foreign country’s program for long term, it was necessary to improve from the perspective of the users. Accordingly, KEPCO-E & C has started to develop the 3D-based pipe wall thinning management program (ToSPACE, Total Solution for Piping And Component Engineering management) from eight years ago, and the development was successful. This paper describes the major functions included in ToSPACE program, such as 3D-based DB (Database) buildup, development of FAC and erosion evaluation theories, UT (Ultra-sonic Test) data reliability analysis, field connection with 3D, automatic establishment of long-term inspection plan, etc. ToSPACE program was developed to allow site engineers performing the selection of inspection quantity at each refueling outage, UT data reliability analysis, UT evaluation, determination of next inspection timing, identification of the inspecting and replacing components in 3D drawings, etc., to access easily.

Insulation performance of foam during the terrestrial and ascent period

To effectively reduce heat leakage, foam insulation is widely used in refrigeration, energy, chemical, cryogenic system and pipe engineering. The present study is aimed to investigate the thermal performance of foam on cryogenic storage system under variable environmental parameters. The heat transfer model through the foam is introduced in detail. The minimum thicknesses of foam for different cryogens are calculated under the influence of the external free convection during the terrestrial condition. Meanwhile, with carbon dioxide diffusion out of and air invasion in the foam cells, the related unsteady process is studied with coupling the mixture gas heat conduction and the external free convection. While during the liftoff of rocket, foam insulation is subjected to the forced aerodynamic heating. The transient thermal performance of foam is particularly investigated under the influence of aerodynamic heating, with the variable physical properties, flight velocity and acceleration, and environmental parameters considered. Finally, the performance comparison between foam and foam/Multilayer insulation is made. Some valuable conclusions are obtained. The present study is of significance to the insulation design for cryogenic fuel storage.

Laboratory modelling of erosion damage by vortices in slurry flow

Erosion damage caused by suspended particles in slurries leads to production loss and on-going maintenance costs. Such damage is common in flow equipment used in slurry transport, including processing equipment in alumina refineries.CSIRO has been conducting research under AMIRA P931 “Multiphase Flow Erosion” projects from 2006 to 2013, under sponsorship funding support from Alcoa, BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto Alcan, Vale and Pentair Valves (Tyco Flow). CSIRO has a continuing focus on building knowledge and methods to improve prediction of the service life of flow equipment under erosion conditions, and to develop strategies to reduce erosion through altered flow design.Interestingly, none of the case studies requested by the industry partners involved simple impingement erosion or sliding bed erosion. The emphasis has been on solving erosion problems using the principles of the underlying multiphase fluid dynamics, which called for an in-depth treatment of non-uniform flows. Consequently the current study was very different from the usual treatment of erosion (which focuses on direct impingement simply because it is easier to model and measure) and instead addressed the much more common industrial problem of localised erosion.By using fluid dynamics modelling, experimental visualisation and quantitative measurements of erosion scars, several fluid dynamic mechanisms have previously been identified as causing severe erosion attacks. These included erosion by vortices, by flashing and by various non-uniform flows. Observations of accelerated wear have shown that vortex erosion is present in many flow geometries critically important in sponsors' plants, e.g. pipe work around a valve, protrusions in a pipe and many conventional engineering designs. This paper focuses on vortex erosion in a variety of flow situations and examines the fluid dynamics and consequent erosion.

Cost Effective Modularization Strategies for Industrial Facilities Used in Mega Oil & Gas Projects

Modularization procedures result in substantial cost savings in mega Oil & Gas projects. Little industrial guidelines are available in North American and European codes of practice for effective modular constructions. Attempts were made over the past few years by EPCM companies to develop design rules to improve modularization strategies and meet the aggressive industrial demands. Unfortunately, absence of industrial rules has generated randomness in the design procedure with no technical justifications. The paper offers cost effective strategies and industrial guidelines that can be used by practicing engineers and steel fabricators for modular steel designs for Oil & Gas projects. Structural, piping, mechanical and electrical engineering guidelines are briefly discussed. Several examples are provided for various process & building facilities to illustrate the efficiency of these modularization strategies. The described procedures and recommendations can be used in practice to maximize the project savings in the Oil & Gas industry. Keywords: industrial facilities, numerical models, oil & gas facilities, petrochemical, steel modularization.

Heat exchanger network retrofit with a fixed network structure

Finding cost effective retrofits for heat exchanger networks remains a challenge. Whilst it is often straightforward to find retrofit changes to an existing network that can improve energy performance, in practice such changes are most often uneconomic. This paper will present an approach to heat exchanger network retrofit around a fixed network structure. Network energy performance is improved through the selective use of heat transfer enhancement. A sensitivity analysis is used to find the most effective heat exchangers to enhance in order to improve the performance of the overall network. The sensitivity analysis used is an extension of a previous sensitivity analysis that was introduced to study network flexibility. The proposed method is applicable for heat exchanger networks involving streams with linear or non-linear physical properties. The enhancement of the most sensitive heat exchangers and avoiding new equipment, together with piping and civil engineering costs, allow much more cost-effective heat exchanger network retrofit.

Measurement of Air Quality during a Decorating Engineering

Air quality studies during a decorating engineering in northern Taiwan were carried out. Sampling was undertaken during the decorating engineering including the dismantling old decorating, water and electrical pipe engineering, tiling engineering, window installation, pre-system furniture installation, flooring engineering, post- system furniture installation and finishing engineering. The levels of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), temperature, relative humidity and bacterial/fungal concentrations were recorded during the decorating engineering. Results show that the averaged CO concentrations ranged from 1.05 to 22.1 ppm during various engineering. The averaged HCHO concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 0.69 ppm and the HCHO increased apparently after system furniture installation. The averaged PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations ranged from 97.2 to 6,445 µg/m3 and 129 to 6,837 µg/m3, respectively. The PM concentrations for the tiling engineering were more than two times of the recommended exposure limit (REL) of respirable particles of 5 mg/m3. The mean respirable fractions, Rb and Rf, for bacteria and fungi, ranged from 27.8%–97.0% and 29.4%–93.8%, respectively. It should be noticeable that over 75% of Rb and Rf were higher than 50% during the decorating engineering. The relatively high respirable fractions of bioaerosols and the high PM concentrations for some specific decorating engineering probably implies a higher adverse health risk for sensitive workers. There are limited information about the air quality for the decorating engineering and this preliminary study can provide references to the Taiwan government on air quality management for workplaces.

Numerical Investigation of Temperature Distribution in an Eroded Bend Pipe and Prediction of Erosion Reduced Thickness

Accurate prediction of erosion thickness is essential for pipe engineering. The objective of the present paper is to study the temperature distribution in an eroded bend pipe and find a new method to predict the erosion reduced thickness. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations with FLUENT software are carried out to investigate the temperature field. And effects of oil inlet rate, oil inlet temperature, and erosion reduced thickness are examined. The presence of erosion pit brings about the obvious fluctuation of temperature drop along the extrados of bend. And the minimum temperature drop presents at the most severe erosion point. Small inlet temperature or large inlet velocity can lead to small temperature drop, while shallow erosion pit causes great temperature drop. The dimensionless minimum temperature drop is analyzed and the fitting formula is obtained. Using the formula we can calculate the erosion reduced thickness, which is only needed to monitor the outer surface temperature of bend pipe. This new method can provide useful guidance for pipeline monitoring and replacement.

Principle and practice of saline-alkali soil improvement via subsurface pipe engineering in coastal areas of East Hebei Province

我国具有丰富的盐碱地资源, 滨海盐碱地是其重要组成。运东滨海平原盐碱地具有地下水埋深浅, 土壤盐分重, 土壤水盐季节性变化强烈等特点。基于上述特点, 该区域农作物限制因子为盐分胁迫、干旱和涝渍害。针对限制因子总结了各种农田生态工程手段的实施及原理。通过对当地常见作物3种胁迫的敏感时期分析, 结合农田生态工程原理, 在河北省南大港管理区的荒地进行了农田生态工程改良盐碱地实践研究。结果显示, 棉花、玉米的产量可分别达到2.23~3.98 t·hm^-2和4.6~6.7 t·hm^-2, 接近当地耕地的平均水平。小麦 玉米一年两熟粮食总产量可达9.6~10.8 t·hm^-2, 小麦 谷子一年两熟粮食总产量达到9.1~11.9 t·hm^-2。农田生态工程显著地增加了作物的种植适宜性, 使多种轮作制度成为可能。但是单项的生态工程技术都有一定的局限性, 如咸水结冰灌溉会增加土壤盐分, 暗管工程会降低土壤养分含量和有效性, 因此农田生态工程应系统化和体系化。多种技术手段互补, 最终实现调整盐碱地土壤水分、盐分季节性分配, 使作物避开盐分、水分胁迫敏感期, 使作物生长与土壤水盐季节变化耦合, 完成作物生命周期并形成产量, 最后在周年内达到土壤积盐与排盐平衡。暗管工程必将取代明沟作为盐碱地区排水的基础, 也是各项生态工程的基础。而农田生态工程技术的多样化、系统化和体系化是未来改良盐碱地的发展趋势。

Dynamic cooperative identification based on synergetics for pipe structural health monitoring with piezoceramic transducers

The monitoring of structural integrity for pipes is one potential structural health monitoring (SHM) application using piezoelectric sensor networks. A dynamic cooperative identification method (DCIM) for pipe SHM with lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is proposed based on synergetics in this paper. A cooperative identification model with a cooperation–competition–update process was developed and its cooperative identification kinetic equation was established. With the governing principle, the order parameter equation and its potential function were acquired. On the basis of the synergetic effect principle, the adjoint vector was obtained from the regional vectors. By using the self-organization principle, the evolution of each order parameter was obtained through strict mathematical ratiocination. By implementing the iterative update principle, an online structural condition update feature was realized. Subsequently, the assessment indices were confirmed. Finally, the performance of the proposed methodology for damage identification for a pipe structural model with various connector damage scenarios created by loosening connectors was investigated. The experiments were conducted in a noisy environment, a disturbance rich environment, and a noisy and disturbance rich environment, separately. The results show that the proposed methodology can identify the healthy condition and various damage conditions within an acceptable monitoring range for metal pipes. Furthermore, the DCIM demonstrates a strong ability to reject disturbances and noise in SHM applications. This proposed approach provides an alternative way to carry out damage and fault identification for pipe engineering structures.

Research on the Whole Process Cost Control Methods of the Chemical Piping Engineering

Piping engineering, which involves a plenty of materials and has a large-scale construction work quantity, is an important part of chemical engineering, and how to make a good cost control of it is very important for the success of chemical project. Based on the Cybernetics and Systems science, this paper has established a whole process covered cost control model and proposed the control system for the piping engineering, and the related control strategies have been also proposed on this basis. Finally, combined with some cases, this paper analyzed the application of the whole process covered cost control methods in the chemical piping engineering.

Now you can predict service life because Byers PVC Pipe Engineering brings a factual approach to piping system design

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAdvertisementNEXTNow you can predict service life because Byers PVC Pipe Engineering brings a factual approach to piping system designCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1958, 36, 7, 35Publication Date (Print):February 17, 1958Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 17 February 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v036n007.p035Copyright © 1958 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (61 KB) Get e-Alerts

Now you can predict service life because Byers PVC Pipe Engineering brings a factual approach to piping system design

Now you can predict service life because Byers PVC Pipe Engineering brings a factual approach to piping system design