Pink Corolla Research Articles

Recircumscription of Utricularia leptorhyncha and U. lasiocaulis and three related new species for northern Australia

The Utricularia lasiocaulis F.Muell. complex (subg. Polypompholyx; sect. Lasiocaules) is a morphologically and ecologically variable group of closely related taxa with a mostly tropical distribution across northern Australia. A recent molecular phylogenetic study placed the recognised species U. kamienskii F.Muell. sister to a clade of accessions relegated to either U. leptorhyncha O. Schwarz or U. lasiocaulis, with the latter previously circumscribed as an assemblage of highly variable morphological forms. We have expanded the previous study to include populations representing the known distributions of all three species and have attempted to include all morphological variants; 55 ingroup accessions were used in the full phylogenetic analysis based on two non-coding chloroplast regions (rps16, trnD–T) and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS). We found that the pink corolla form of the usually white flowered U. kamienskii is not sufficiently different, and we retain it under that species. We also found strong support for a paraphyletic U. leptorhyncha, with the smaller flowered accessions matching the type material placed sister to all other U. lasiocaulis forms, including a grouping previously assigned as a larger flowered U. leptorhyncha. Within the U. lasiocaulis clade we found that much of the variation sorts into well-supported clades that we find are sufficiently morphologically and genetically differentiated from the type clade for recognition at the specific rank, namely Utricularia brennanii R.W.Jobson & Baleeiro from Northern Territory and Queensland, Utricularia cowiei R.W.Jobson & Baleeiro from the Kimberley region of Western Australia, and U. disjuncta R.W.Jobson & Baleeiro restricted to the Darwin and Gulf region of the Northern Territory.

Oreocharisguangwushanensis, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Sichuan Province, China.

A new species of Oreocharis, O.guangwushanensis from the Sichuan Province of south-western China, is described and illustrated here. This new species has a pink corolla that is different from other species of Oreocharis in southwest China and, although it is morphologically similar to O.ronganensis and O.reticuliflora, it has significant differences in the colour and shape of the corolla, the apex of the corolla limb, shape and indumentum of the filaments and a shorter pistil. A detailed description, colour photographs, distribution and habitat, as well as the IUCN conservation status, are also provided.

Hemiboeachanii (Gesneriaceae), a new species from limestone areas of northern Vietnam.

Hemiboeachanii, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Ha Giang Province, northern Vietnam, is here described and illustrated. It has many branched stems, diamond-shaped involucre with two cirrose opposite apices, a pink corolla, red spotted inside, and a flowering time in January-February. Among congeners with an externally hairy corolla, this new species is morphologically close to H.crystallina and H.sinovietnamica. Diagnostic discriminative characters in all mentioned species are discussed. The conservation status of this species is considered to be “Critically endangered” (CR) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Genetics of flower colour in pink flowered “Rosea” and white flowers “Alba” in periwinkle Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don

Genetics of flower Colour in winka Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don were in vestigate by inheritance two types (strains) of plants with different flowers colour were used in this study,pink corolla, and strong violet-purple eye color, and strong pink stem, and dark green leaf lamina (P), and White corolla, and yellow and greenish eye, and strong pink stem, and yellow and green leaf lamina (W) as parents, to determine the number of genes involved. This study was conducted at Horticulture Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Kassala State, Sudan during for three years the period: Jan 2016 to Oct. 2020. First the two parents were covered to ensure self-pollination. Reciprocal cross has been carried out between the two inbred parents. The study showed that a single pair of genes is probably involved in flower colour and that gene for pink corolla, and strong violet-purple eye color, and strong pink stem, and dark green leaf lamina (P) is incompletely dominant over that for White corolla, and yellow and greenish eye, and strong pink stem, and yellow and green leaf lamina (W). The reciprocal crosses gave the same results indicating no role of cytoplasmic genes in the inheritance of these colors.

(2790) Proposal to reject the name Lippia riedeliana (Verbenaceae)

(2790) Lippia riedeliana Schauer in Candolle, Prodr. 11: 582. 25 Nov 1847 [Angiosp.: Verben.], nom. utique rej. prop. Lectotypus (hic designatus): [Brazil, Minas Gerais], “In locis arenosis et glareosis prope Tejuco, prov. Minarum”, Dec 1824, Riedel 1228 (LE barcode LE00018189; isolectotypi: LE barcodes LE00018186, LE00018187, LE00018188 & LE00018190). The name Lippia riedeliana was established by Schauer in Candolle (Prodr. 11: 582. 1847), based on a specimen collected by Ludwig Riedel s.n. in Brazil and cited as: “In locis arenosis et glareosis, prov. S. Pauli Brasiliae (Riedel!) […] (v. s. in h. caes. petrop.).” However, Schauer in Martius (Fl. Bras. 9: 234. 1851) corrected the information about the locality of the type specimen from “prov. S. Pauli” to “prov. Minarum”, as follows: “in locis arenosis et glareosis prope Tejuco, prov. Minarum, Decembri […].” Tejuco is the oldest name of a city nowadays called Diamantina located in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Although Lippia riedeliana was described in detail, its identity has stayed obscure since its publication. Because of this, the name L. riedeliana was ignored by subsequent authors, and the only authors that treated this taxon in taxonomic papers, after the original publication, were Schauer in Flora Brasiliensis (l.c.) and Moldenke (in Phytologia 12: 439. 1965). This latter author commented that: “I know nothing whatever of this species except what is given in the literature” and, additionally, reported that the type was at LE, but evidently had not examined it. The only other use of the name that we have traced was by Hayek (in Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 79: 296. 1908), who misidentified as L. riedeliana a specimen from the state of São Paulo where the species does not occur. During the taxonomic revision of Lippia L. for the forthcoming Flora of Brazil, online 2020 (http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br), we contacted the Curator of LE to locate the type specimen of L. riedeliana. He sent us photographs of the five specimens he found at LE. All specimens contain labels with information that matches the contents presented by Schauer in Flora Brasiliensis: “in locis glareosis arenosis prov. Tejuco, Decembri”. Additionally, these labels show: “Riedel 1228”, probably the collection number by Riedel. These five specimens are, by definition (see Art. 40 Note 1 of the ICN; Turland & al. in Regnum Veg. 159. 2018), the syntypes of the name L. riedeliana, and we are lectotypifying the name in the present paper. After careful checking of the details of these specimens at LE, we concluded that Lippia riedeliana is the same as L. rosella Moldenke (in Phytologia 39: 449–450. 1978), a species based on material collected by Irwin & al. 28442a (LL), from Minas Gerais State. This species is endemic to the region of the Diamantina Plateau in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and can be recognized in having strigose branches, opposite or ternate leaves, scabrid adaxially, glandular-strigose abaxially, green bracts, vinaceous at the apex, and pink corollas. It grows in the Brazilian savanna, called locally “Campos Rupestres”, at 1200–1400 m elev. Since its publication in 1978, this later synonym, Lippia rosella Moldenke, has been consistently applied to the taxon rather than L. riedeliana. Additionally, this species has economic importance (medicinal properties such as: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antifungal) and has been the target of several papers dealing with cytology, genomics, physiology, chemistry, and taxonomy, e.g.: Viccini & al. (in Pl. Syst. Evol. 246: 1–8. 2004, 256: 171–178. 2005); Pimenta & al. (in Brazil. J. Bot. 30: 211–220. 2007); Campos & al. (in Pl. Syst. Evol. 291: 133–140. 2011); Sousa & al. (in Anais Acad. Brasil. Ci. 84: 1029–1037. 2012, 85: 147–157. 2013); Chaves & al. (in Genet. Molec. Res. 13: 7864–7868. 2014); Singulani & al. (in J. Med. Pl. Res. 27: 4416–4422. 2018); and Cardoso & al. (in Phytotaxa 455: 47–52. 2020). To maintain nomenclatural stability for this species name that has economic importance, we propose the rejection of the name Lippia riedeliana, a 173-year-old name that has long been obscure and that seems, as noted above, to have been used only three times since its publication. The adoption of the present proposal will secure the current use of L. rosella. PHC, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6198-6729 FRGS, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9000-4683 JP, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4783-3125 We thank Vladimir Dorofeyev for sending photos of the type specimens of Lippia riedeliana deposited at LE. PHC thanks the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) for the doctorate scholarship (141837/2020-9).

Threatened endemic species of Hibiscus l. (Malvaceae) in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Hibiscus L. is one of the largest genera of Malvaceae, Southeast Brazil has six endemic species of 14 native species, mainly distributed in cerrado. These Hibiscus are hairy shrubs, with showy flowers of pink corolla, dark base, 5-toothed staminal tube apex, loculicidal capsule of 5 cells. The species inhabit wet ecosystems of the atlantic rainforest and cerrado. After the last study of Hibiscus taxonomy evidencing four endemic species from Minas Gerais state, showed to have the largest endemism center of Hibiscus in Brazil, therefore, using IUCN classification methodology, we indicated H. hilarianus and H. multiformis as vulnerable, H. itirapinensis as endangered and H. mariae as critically endangered. The species are represented by small isolated populations distributed at the mountains and plateaus between Espinhaço mountain range and Planalto Paulista, considered a region with great endemic biodiversity. According to the previously analysis, it is recommended specific studies with techniques and appropriate methodology to research the development and evolutionary characteristics of hibiscus species in Minas Gerais state.

A New Species and New Records of Flemingia (Fabaceae) from Vietnam

As part of taxonomic revision of Flemingia (Fabaceae), we describe and illustrate F. langbiangensis T.V. Do, B. Xu & X.F. Gao as a new species from southern Vietnam. Flemingia langbiangensis is morphologically similar to F. latifolia, F. ferruginea and F. macrophylla, but it differs from those by glabrescent branchlets; a subcapitate-like raceme with flowers condensed to the apex; a broadly ovate bract about half of the calyx length, 5–6 × 4–5 mm, densely brownish villous outside, with black glands inside; subsessile flowers with a greenish to pink corolla that is as long as or slightly longer than calyx; and pods that are of the same length as calyx. Additionally, F. prostrata Roxb. is lectotypified and together with F. sootepensis reported as new for Vietnam. A diagnostic key to the twelve Vietnamese species of Flemingia is provided.

A new species of Vanoverberghia (Zingiberaceae) from the Philippines

A new species from the Philippines, Vanoverberghia rubrobracteata, is described and illustrated here. The new species is most similar to Vanoverberghia sepulchrei from which it differs in its leaves with oblong to narrowly elliptic lamina, unevenly truncate ligule apex, glabrous and red floral bracts, red calyx, white or pink corolla tube and lobes, and absence of spots on the style.

Pinguicula zamudioana (Lentibulariaceae) a new species endemic to western Mexico

Pinguicula zamudioana (Lentibulariaceae), a new species endemic to western Mexico, is described and illustrated. This new species belongs to Pinguicula section Orcheosanthus and is morphologically close to Pinguicula oblongiloba and P. michoacana, but differs in having a homophyllous rosette with a single type of leaves (summer leaves), light green leaves with glabrous petioles, short peduncles, a calyx with triangular-lanceolate to lanceolate lobes, a pink corolla with oblong to suborbiculate lobes and the fact that it only inhabits calcium concretions. Pinguicula zamudioana is easily distinguished from the other two taxa, due to the lack of a winter rosette, i.e. isomorphic leaves during the entire year, and to the fact that it is in constant growth and blooms all year round.

Do we truly understand pollination syndromes in Petunia as much as we suppose?

Petunia is endemic to South America grasslands; member of this genus exhibit variation in flower colour and shape, attracting bees, hawkmoths or hummingbirds. This group of plants is thus an excellent model system for evolutionary studies of diversification associated with pollinator shifts. Our aims were to identify the legitimate pollinator of Petunia secreta, a rare and endemic species, and to assess the importance of floral traits in pollinator attraction in this Petunia species. To determine the legitimate pollinator, field observations were conducted, and all floral visitors were recorded and evaluated. We also measured the nectar volume and sugar concentration. To characterize morphological cues for pollinators, we assessed the ultraviolet (UV)-light response in detached flowers, and characterized the floral pigments and pollen volatile scents for four different Petunia species that present different pollination syndromes. Petunia secreta shares the most recent ancestor with a white hawkmoth-pollinated species, P. axillaris, but presents flavonols and anthocyanin pigments responsible for the pink corolla colour and UV-light responses that are common to bee-pollinated Petunia species. Our study showed that a solitary bee in the genus Pseudagapostemon was the most frequent pollinator of P. secreta, and these bees collect only pollen as a reward. Despite being mainly bee-pollinated, different functional groups of pollinators visit P. secreta. Nectar volume, sugar concentration per flower, morphology and components of pollen scent would appear to be attractive to several different pollinator groups. Notably, the corolla includes a narrow tube with nectar at its base that cannot be reached by Pseudagapostemon, and flowers of P. secreta appear to follow an evolutionary transition, with traits attractive to several functional groups of pollinators. Additionally, the present study shows that differences in the volatiles of pollen scent are relevant for plant mutualistic and antagonist interactions in Petunia species and that pollen scent profile plays a key role in characterizing pollination syndromes.

KARAKTERISASI MORFOLOGI DAUN DAN BUNGA BEBERAPA VARIETAS Hoya coronaria DARI KAWASAN HUTAN KERANGAS AIR ANYIR, BANGKA

Hoya coronaria was found in Heath Forest Air Anyir, Bangka in various flower color. Characterization based on morphological characteristics need to clear up the differences between varieties. This research aims to observe morphological variation of six varieties of H. coronaria from Heath Forest Air Anyir, Bangka based on morphology vegetative and flower morphology. The descriptive method was used to describe the morphological character. Determination of color based on Munsell Color Chart for Plant Tissues. The six samples of different varieties was used which has different flower color as follow respectively: yellow corolla with pink corona (var1); yellow corolla with white corona (var2); yellow corolla with pink honey line and pink corona (var3); pink corolla with pink honey line and pink corona (var4); pink corolla with pink honey line and white corona (var5); and white corolla with white corona (var6). The six varieties have different characteristic of vegetative and flower part both on qualitative and quantitative measurement. The cluster analyses resulted two sister groups. The first group (group A) consisted of var3, var4, var5, and var6, and the second group (group B) consisted of var1 and var2. Groups A was consisted of two smaller groups, namely group C and group D. Group C consisted of var3, var4 and var5, while group D consisted of var6

Ophiorrhiza jacobii (Rubiaceae) sp. nov. from Western Ghats, India

Ophiorrhiza jacobii (Rubiaceae) is described as a new species from Western Ghats, Kerala, India. The new species is similar to O. pseudofasciculata in its pubescent habit, densely pubescent terminal capitate cyme with linear lanceolate bract and bracteoles, stipules with bifid apex, etc., but differs in having decumbent stem, ovate to broadly ovate stipules, shorter peduncle, pink corolla without white patches and with bulged throat of the tube, glabrous style of long‐styled flower and obcordate capsules. A detailed description, distribution, ecology, phenology and relevant taxonomic notes are provided along with colour illustrations.

Scrophularia kollakii(Scrophulariaceae), a New Species from Kurdistan, Iraq

Abstract. Scrophularia kollakii (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from Kurdistan Iraq, is described, and its distinguishing characters from nearest relatives are discussed. It is easily separated from S. olympica by its taller (30–75 vs. 20–30 cm) stems, 4–12-flowered (vs. 3-flowered) cymes, lanceolate (vs. linear to narrowly oblong), shorter (1–2 vs. 1.7–5 mm) bracteoles, scarious and usually purplish or dark yellow (vs. pale brown) margin of calyx, dark pink corolla 7–9 mm (vs. ca. 6 mm), and dark pink (vs. dark purple) upper corolla lip 3.5–5 mm (vs. 3 mm). It differs from S. sosnowskyi by having usually purplish or dark yellow (vs. white) scarious margin of calyx, dark pink (vs. greenish yellow with upper lip purple or violet) corolla, and obcordate (vs. obovate) staminode.

Competition between anthocyanin and flavonol biosynthesis produces spatial pattern variation of floral pigments between Mimulus species

Flower color patterns have long served as a model for developmental genetics because pigment phenotypes are visually striking, yet generally not required for plant viability, facilitating the genetic analysis of color and pattern mutants. The evolution of novel flower colors and patterns has played a key role in the adaptive radiation of flowering plants via their specialized interactions with different pollinator guilds (e.g., bees, butterflies, birds), motivating the search for allelic differences affecting flower color pattern in closely related plant species with different pollinators. We have identified LIGHT AREAS1 (LAR1), encoding an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, as the causal gene underlying the spatial pattern variation of floral anthocyanin pigmentation between two sister species of monkeyflower: the bumblebee-pollinated Mimulus lewisii and the hummingbird-pollinated Mimulus cardinalis. We demonstrated that LAR1 positively regulates FLAVONOL SYNTHASE (FLS), essentially eliminating anthocyanin biosynthesis in the white region (i.e., light areas) around the corolla throat of M. lewisii flowers by diverting dihydroflavonol into flavonol biosynthesis from the anthocyanin pigment pathway. FLS is preferentially expressed in the light areas of the M. lewisii flower, thus prepatterning the corolla. LAR1 expression in M. cardinalis flowers is much lower than in M. lewisii, explaining the unpatterned phenotype and recessive inheritance of the M. cardinalis allele. Furthermore, our gene-expression analysis and genetic mapping results suggest that cis-regulatory change at the LAR1 gene played a critical role in the evolution of different pigmentation patterns between the two species.

Genetics and Anthocyanin Analysis of Flower Color in Mexican Petunia

The genetics and anthocyanins responsible for flower color were studied in Ruellia simplex Wright (mexican petunia). An F2 population with 153 individuals segregating for four flower colors was developed from a cross between a maternal individual with white corolla with purple throat (WP) and a paternal individual with pink corolla (PK). All the F1 generation had fully purple flowers (P). The F2 generation segregated 94 P:30 PK:24 WP:5 WPK (WPK is a new color combination of white corolla limb and pink throat). These data were separated into groups for corolla limb color and for throat color. The ratio for corolla limb color segregated 94 P:30 PK:29 W, which fits a 9:3:4 recessive epistasis interaction (P = 0.22). The data for corolla throat segregated 118 P:35 PK, which fits a 3:1 ratio (P = 0.54). High-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analyses were performed to elucidate the anthocyanins responsible for the four obtained flower colors. We found that delphinidin derivatives conferred purple corolla color, whereas pelargonidin derivatives were responsible for the pink corolla color. Purple corolla throat color was the result of delphinidin derivatives, whereas the pink color was the result of peonidin derivatives.

<i>Hemiboea roseoalba</i> S.B. Zhou, X. Hong & F. Wen (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guangdong, China

A new species of Hemiboea, H. roseoalba, from Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to H. gracilis and H. angustifolia in leaf and flower shape, but can be distinguished by leaf blade with serrulate from the middle to the apex, lateral veins 7-9 on each side of midrib; peduncle 2.5-3.0 cm long, glabrous; cymes 4-6-flowered; triangular calyx base connate for c. 0.3 cm; pink corolla 4.0-4.3 cm long and margin of lobes curled or retroflexed; staminodes 3; pistil 3.7-4.0 cm long; disc 2 mm high and truncate stigma slightly swollen.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i2.17391Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 20(2): 171-177, 2013

<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>Two new species of <em>Pavonia</em> section <em>Lebretonia</em> subsection <em>Hastifoliae</em> (Malvaceae: Malvoideae) from southern Brazil</strong></p>

Two new species of Pavonia section Lebretonia from the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina are described, Pavonia salmonea and Pavonia exasperata . The first inhabits highland grasslands and scrub, and edges of Araucaria forest in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest biome, being distinguished from similar species by its salmon pink corollas, leaves with large stellate trichomes and features of its mericarps. The second species inhabits dry and rocky grasslands and forest edges in the Pampa biome, being distinguished from similar species by its larger apiculate mericarps with lateral acute tubercles, and by the presence of lobate basal leaves. Descriptions, illustrations, images and a distribution map for the two new species, as well as a diagnostic key, are presented.

Three New Costa Rican Species ofCalathea(Marantaceae) from Montane Wet Forests

Abstract. Three species of Calathea G. Mey. in Calathea sect. Calathea (Marantaceae) are described as new from montane wet forest habitats in Costa Rica: C. recurvata H. Kenn., C. tarrazuensis H. Kenn., and C. verruculosa H. Kenn. These are found in montane wet, montane rainforest, or cloud forest habitats at mid to higher elevations from 800 to 1500 m. All three taxa are endemic to Costa Rica. Calathea recurvata differs from related distichous-bracted species by the close vein spacing (30 to 35 lateral veins per 3 cm) of the leaf, pale whitish green to yellowish green bracts with recurved apical margins, claviculate bracteoles, yellow or pink corolla lobes, and yellow or pink-purple staminodes. Calathea verruculosa is distinguished by the shiny dark green ovate leaf, verruculose petioles and peduncles, stiff lime-green bracts with apically recurved margins, claviculate bracteoles, and yellow corolla and staminodes. Calathea tarrazuensis is distinguished by the narrowly ovate-elliptic leaf with length:wi...

Five New Species of South AmericanGentianella(Gentianaceae)

Five new species of Gentianella Moench (Gentianaceae) are described from western South America. Gentianella decemnectaria J. S. Pringle, from Peru, is characterized by decumbent stems and nearly rotate corollas with 10 nectaries per corolla. Gentianella pluvialis J. S. Pringle, from Bolivia, is similar to G. florida (Griseb.) Holub, differing in its larger flowers with bright yellow corollas. Gentianella pyrostelium J. S. Pringle, from Peru, is characterized by its columnar habit and red and yellow, scarcely opening corollas. Gentianella rugicalyx J. S. Pringle, from Peru, differs from G. paludicola (Gilg) J. S. Pringle in its wider, abruptly acute calyx lobes and corolla tube that widens more gradually, and from G. persquarrosa (Reimers) J. S. Pringle in its leafier stems and glabrous corollas. Gentianella sanchezii J. S. Pringle, from Peru, is characterized by slender, clustered stems arising from a persistent rosette, pedicels mostly longer than the internodes, and widely funnelform, purplish pink corollas.

Chirita tiandengensis (Gesneriaceae) sp. nov. from Guangxi, China

Chirita tiandengensis Fang Wen & Hui Tang, a new species of Chirita from Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to C. napoensis Z. Y. Li, C. lunglinensis W. T. Wang and C. obtusidentata W. T. Wang, but differs by leaf blades ovate-lanceolate, both surfaces sparsely strigulose; cymes 5- or 8-flowered, bracts narrowly lanceolate, 6–8×1.5–2.0 mm; larger flowers (3.8–4.6 cm long), pink corolla, infundibuliform-tubular tube; backside of anthers puberulous, filaments straight; staminodes glabrous, fused on the capitate top; stigma bipartite to the base with narrowly lanceolate lobes.