Pineapple Leaf Waste Research Articles

Pineapple stem starch-based films incorporated with pineapple leaf carbon dots as functional filler for active food packaging applications

Pineapple leaf waste, a byproduct of agricultural processes, was used as a novel raw material to synthesize carbon dots (CDs) through a simple hydrothermal method. The CDs were subsequently incorporated into pineapple stem starch (PSS)-based active food packaging films. The characterization of the CDs and PSS-CDs films was conducted using various techniques, including UV-light spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the CDs measured 2.36 ± 0.33 nm and exhibited antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The addition of the CDs led to notable enhancements in both mechanical strength and UV-barrier properties. Thus, PSS-CDs packaging film was successfully prepared, with the incorporation of CDs enhancing the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the film, thereby extending the shelf-life of fresh pork.

An innovative recyclable deep eutectic solvent-ultrasound pretreatment of pineapple leaf waste biomass for enhanced bioethanol production

An innovative recyclable deep eutectic solvent-ultrasound pretreatment of pineapple leaf waste biomass for enhanced bioethanol production

Process optimization and material characterization of fiberboards produced from pineapple leaf waste

Process optimization and material characterization of fiberboards produced from pineapple leaf waste

Microcellulose From Pineapple Leaf Fiber as a PotentialSustainable Material: Extraction And Characterization

Pineapple leaf fiber is consideredan agricultural waste during the harvesting process. Pineapple leaves are rich in cellulose, which made it applicable in many industrial applications. This study aims to extract and characterize microcellulose from pineapple leaf waste in Kampar district, Riau. Pineapple fibers were isolated by alkalization (5 % NaOH) at 70 ºC for 150 minutes, followed by bleaching treatment(3% H2O2) at 60°C for 60minutes. Microcellulosewascharacterized through various techniques, namely chemical composition analysis, Fourier transform analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (DT/TGA). The results reveal that the extractedmicrocellulose has significantcellulose content (72.45%) with a crystallinity index of 73.48%. The FTIR spectra of microcellulose indicatethat alkalization and bleaching treatments removed lignin and hemicellulose in varying degrees. Moreover, the extracted microcelluloseshows high thermal stability, the maximum decompositionoccurredat 347 ºC (weight residue 16.37%).Pineappleleaf fiber in Kampar district, Riau, can be a source of microcellulose as a renewable, eco-friendly, and sustainable material for future industrial applications.

Alternative Pineapple Fibre Advancement in Furniture Design

The pineapple fruit plant is widely used in Malaysian agriculture, and Malaysia is one of the top three countries for pineapple production. One of the issues with pineapple trees is leaf waste. Pineapple leaf waste takes a long time to decompose. The impact of pineapple leaf waste will be put into the sewer, allowed to rot, and then burned to eradicate it after harvest. The current study of pineapple leaf waste is used for innovation and development in manufacturing furniture as a new material. It is the primary underpinning of sustainable materials. Learn about the role of pineapple leaves from a different perspective. Relevant to this study, this innovative approach to pineapple waste is crucial for sustainable material furniture production in making part of a tabletop.

Upcycling of HDPE Milk Bottles into High-Stiffness, High-HDT Composites with Pineapple Leaf Waste Materials.

In the pursuit of sustainability and reduced dependence on new plastic materials, this study explores the upcycling potential of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) milk bottles into high-stiffness, high-heat-distortion-temperature (HDT) composites. Recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) sourced from used milk bottles serves as the composite matrix, while reinforcing fillers are derived from dried pineapple leaves, comprising fibers (PALF) and non-fibrous materials (NFM). A two-roll mixer is employed to prepare rHDPE/NFM and rHDPE/PALF mixtures, facilitating filler alignment in the resulting prepreg. The prepreg is subsequently stacked and pressed into composite sheets. The introduction of PALF as a reinforcing filler significantly enhances the flexural strength and modulus of the rHDPE composite. A 20 wt.% PALF content yields a remarkable 162% increase in flexural strength and a 204% increase in modulus compared to neat rHDPE. The rHDPE/NFM composite also shows improved mechanical properties, albeit to a lesser degree than fiber reinforcement. Both composites exhibit a slight reduction in impact resistance. Notably, the addition of NFM or PALF substantially elevates HDT, raising the HDT values of the composites to approximately 84 °C and 108 °C, respectively, in contrast to the 71 °C HDT of neat rHDPE. Furthermore, the overall properties of both the composites are further enhanced by improving their compatibility through maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene (MAPE) use. Impact fracture surfaces of both composites reveal higher compatibility and clear alignment of NFM and PALF fillers, underscoring the enhanced performance and environmental friendliness of composites produced from recycled plastics reinforced with pineapple leaf waste fillers.

Daya Jerap dan Efisiensi Adsorpsi Ion Tembaga Menggunakan Biosorben Serat Daun Nanas (Ananas comosus)

One of the essential heavy metals that living things require in small amounts is the copper ion (Cu2+). However, the presence of dissolved copper metal is toxic to organisms and can pollute the environment if it exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Pineapple leaf waste with high cellulose content can be used as a copper ion biosorbent. This research studied the effect of pineapple leaf fiber particle size and contact time at the adsorption of copper ions on the adsorption capacity and effectiveness of pineapple leaf fiber biosorbents in adsorbing copper ions. The research began with cleaning, drying, and grinding pineapple leaves. Then, the activation process was carried out for 70 minutes using 9% NaOH. The adsorption process of copper ions was carried out using 1 g of pineapple leaf fiber biosorbent based on the varying sizes of the biosorbent particles size of the biosorbent -40/+60; -60/+80; and -80/+100 mesh and contact time 30; 60; 90; and 120 minutes at a stirring speed of 90 rpm and a concentration of 10 ppm copper ion adsorbate to measure the remaining copper ions in solution after the adsorption process. The activated pineapple leaf fiber biosorbent has a water content of 14.3%; 12.4%; and 11.2% for each biosorbent particle size -40/+60; -60/+80; and -80/+100 meshes. The highest adsorption effectiveness was 94.93%, which occurred at a contact time of 90 minutes with a biosorbent particle size of -80/+100 mesh and an adsorption value of 0.94 mg/g.

Analisis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Program Pemanfaatan Serat Olahan Daun Nanas Subang (Pesona Subang)

Social responsibility is an important issue in the corporate context. Moreover, companies operating in the natural resource exploration and mining (extractive) sectors have an obligation to carry out social responsibility as an effort to develop and guarantee the rights of local people and communities around the company area. One of them is the social responsibility carried out by PT Pertamina EP Regional 2 Zone 7 Subang Field which focuses on efforts to manage pineapple leaf waste into natural fiber which has high economic value through the implementation of the Subang Pineapple Leaf Processed Fiber Utilization Program (Pesona Subang). This study aims to examine the implementation of the Pesona Subang Program from a community empowerment perspective starting from planning, implementation, and ultimately generating impacts and benefits for the community, especially the community of Cikadu Village, Cijambe District, Subang Regency. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods through literature sources and all forms of documentation and reporting publications related to the program. Program Pesona Subang provides benefits and positive impacts not only for dealing with the problem of pineapple leaf waste into natural fiber with high selling value, but also strives for the sustainability of the program which is supported by innovation in production management and adequate infrastructure for community productivity. Apart from that, participation from beneficiary communities and local communities is also the main key in the success of achieving this program, so that people are independently motivated.

Study on Conditions for Carboxymethyl Cellulose Synthesis from Pineapple Leaf Waste and Evaluation of its Thickening Performance

Pineapple leaf waste, with its high cellulose content, can serve as alternative starting material for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). In this study, cellulose was extracted from pineapple leaf waste by 0.5 M NaOH at 90 oC for 2 h and 0.5 M HNO3 at 90 oC for 2 h. The obtained cellulose, with average diameters of 3-7 μm, was converted to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by esterification. Preparation of CMC was investigated by varying two factors, namely, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dosage and monochloroacetic acid (MCA) dosage. The cellulose was soaked in a solution mixture of ethanol and NaOH for 2 h at room temperature. It was then reacted with chloroacetic acid (MCA) at 60 oC for 2 h. The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation were found to be 0.70 g of MCA/g cellulose, 0.75 g NaOH/g cellulose. The obtained CMC had a high degree of substitution (DS) of 1.0 with the CMC yield of 150%. The obtained CMC were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM images and XRD diffractions. Moreover, the thickerning performance of the obtained CMC was also determined.

Study on synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple leaf waste and its potential applications as a thickener

In this study, cellulose and hemicellulose were successfully extracted from pineapple leaf waste at yields of 58.8 and 16.1% by dried weight, respectively. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was synthesised from pineapple leaf cellulose by an esterification process using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA) with isopropanol as the supporting medium. Preparation of CMC was investigated by varying three free factors, namely, NaOH concentration, MCA dose, and cellulose size. The carboxymethylation process was optimised to produce CMC with differing degrees of substitution (DS). The highest DS of CMC (0.86) was obtained with 15% (w/v) NaOH solution, 0.6 g of MCA/g cellulose, and 50 μm cellulose. The obtained CMC were characterised by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM images and XRD diffractions. Moreover, the thickening performance of obtained CMC was also determined. The influence of the CMC’s molecular weight and degree of substitution on the viscosity of 1% (w/v) aqueous solution was tested. The experimental results suggest that the viscosity of the solution increases with increasing molecular weight and degree of substitution of CMC.

Composting of Natural Fibre Wastes for Preparation of Organic Manures and Bio-enhancers

"Various agricultural and industrial activities produce natural fibre waste that can harm the environment if not disposed properly. These wastes contain valuable plant nutrients that need to be recycled to sustain soil quality and health, and reduce environmental pollution. Composting is an efficient, sustainable, and inexpensive way to treat solid wastes. This study focused on the preparation of composts from jute leaf waste, pineapple leaf wastes, banana pseudo stem waste along with retting liquors as bio-enhancers and to evaluate their quality. The quality of compost determines its ability to perform its projected function. The feedstocks are the main factor that affects the compost qualities, but the composting process also counts. The compost and retting liquors were tested in the laboratory for different parameters such as electrical conductivity, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium, micronutrients, heavy metals and C/N ratio. The results showed that compost made from natural fibre and bio-enhancer i.e. retting liquor can be a good source of plant nutrition and microbial activity. Pineapple leaf waste had a higher C: N ratio than jute leaf waste which resulted faster decomposition of jute leaves. Retting liquor had more bacteria than fungi. No actinomycetes were seen in the liquor. Waste wool had the highest nitrogen content among other fibre residues, so it can be a sustainable alternative to nitrogen source for crop nutrition. The quality evaluation will give us an insight on influence of compost produced from natural fibre waste in crop production."

Morphological, mechanical, and color strength properties of infrared dyed pineapple leaf fibers

The enormous number of pineapple plantations in Malaysia are dominated by small to large agronomists governed by the Malaysian Pineapple Industrial Board, which addresses almost all pineapple industry-related issues. In Malaysia, more than 147,000 hectares of land are utilized for pineapple plantations, which create 65 tons of residue per hectare. Consequently, the waste production comes from the long leaves of the harvested mother plants of pineapples that are cut off to allow the young sucker to grow freely, which then can be found abundantly. However, the handling practice for pineapple leaf waste in Malaysia is still poorly managed. Realizing the importance of this issue, as an alternative to reduce waste, fibers from pineapple leaves were extracted and dyed to improve the aesthetic value and marketability of pineapple leaf fiber by adding dyeing substrates using a low energy consumption dyeing approach. Two different techniques of dyeing were used to investigate the morphological, mechanical, color strength, and colorfastness properties of dyed pineapple leaf fibers. The dyeing of pineapple leaf fibers was investigated using C.I. reactive blue 5, C.I reactive red 11, and C.I Reactive yellow 86 at different concentrations. As a result, the characterization of dyed pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) showed that the dyeing process modified the original structure of PALF but no significant differences were observed on dyed PALF in the comparison of each dyeing technique. In addition, under optimized conditions of two dyeing techniques dyed PALF presented lower breaking strength, whereas comparable breaking strength value was gained with each technique. Fibers of both dyeing techniques displayed interesting color findings with excellent colorfastness to washing, lightfastness, and good colorfastness to perspiration. The infrared dyeing method resulted in similar and better dyeing behavior compared to exhaustion dyeing techniques. This method could further be refined by considering the production of textile materials, which can provide alternative to the usage of highly expensive silk fibers in the songket making industry.

Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose with high degree substitution from Vietnamese pineapple leaf waste

In this work, cellulose was successfully extracted from pineapple leaf waste by 0.75 M NaOH at 90oC and 5 M HNO3 at 70oC for 1.5 h and 5 h, respectively. The obtained cellulose fibres, with average diameters of 150-300 nm, were converted to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) by esterification. The pure cellulose was soaked in a solution mixture of isopropanol and NaOH for 2 h. It was then reacted with chloroacetic acid (MCA) at 60oC for 1.5 h. The optimum conditions for carboxymethylation were found to be 5 g cellulose, 1.5 g MCA, and 15 ml 16% w/v NaOH. The obtained CMC had a high degree of substitution (DS) of 2.3. The properties of CMC were determined.

Chemo-Mechanical Production of Cellulose Nanocrystal from Pineapple Leaf Waste as Eco-Friendly Reinforcement for Biocomposite Films

Chemo-Mechanical Production of Cellulose Nanocrystal from Pineapple Leaf Waste as Eco-Friendly Reinforcement for Biocomposite Films

Optimization of synthesis conditions for carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple leaf waste using microwave-assisted heating and its application as a food thickener

Pineapple leaf waste, with its high cellulose content, can serve as alternative starting material for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). In this study, synthesis conditions of CMC from pineapple leaves via the use of microwave heating were optimized. Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were applied to schedule the experiments and to optimize the synthesis condition, respectively. Preparation of CMC was investigated by varying three factors, namely, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, monochloroacetic acid (MCA) dose, and etherification time. The process of carboxymethylation was optimized to produce CMC with high degree of substitution (DS). Optimal condition for CMC synthesis was noted to be 50% (w/v) NaOH solution, 8 g of MCA/g cellulose, and etherification time of 16 min; such optimal condition resulted in the maximum DS of 0.78. Synthesized CMC was utilized as a thickener for liquid foods (water, orange juice, milk, and mushroom cream soup) where 2% (w/v) as-synthesized CMC increased the viscosity of the foods and changed their characteristics from thin to nectar-like liquids.

Optimization of synthesis conditions for carboxymethyl cellulose from pineapple leaf waste using microwave-assisted heating and its application as a food thickener

Pineapple leaf waste, with its high cellulose content, can serve as alternative starting material for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). In this study, synthesis conditions of CMC from pineapple leaves via the use of microwave heating were optimized. Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were applied to schedule the experiments and to optimize the synthesis condition, respectively. Preparation of CMC was investigated by varying three factors, namely, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration, monochloroacetic acid (MCA) dose, and etherification time. The process of carboxymethylation was optimized to produce CMC with high degree of substitution (DS). Optimal condition for CMC synthesis was noted to be 50% (w/v) NaOH solution, 8 g of MCA/g cellulose, and etherification time of 16 min; such optimal condition resulted in the maximum DS of 0.78. Synthesized CMC was utilized as a thickener for liquid foods (water, orange juice, milk, and mushroom cream soup) where 2% (w/v) as-synthesized CMC increased the viscosity of the foods and changed their characteristics from thin to nectar-like liquids.

Enzymatic hydrolysis assisted with ligninocellulolytic enzymes from Trametes hirsuta produced by pineapple leaf waste bioconversion in solid-state fermentation

Enzymatic hydrolysis assisted with ligninocellulolytic enzymes from Trametes hirsuta produced by pineapple leaf waste bioconversion in solid-state fermentation

Optimization of Fermentable Sugar Production from Pineapple Leaf Waste (Ananas comosus [L.] Merr) by Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Pineapple leaf waste is one agricultural waste that has high cellulose content. Pineapple leaf waste's complex structure contains a bundle of packed fiber that makes it hard to remove lignin and hemicellulose structure, so challenging to produce reducing sugar. Dried pineapple leaf waste pretreated with a grinder to break its complex structure. Delignification process using 2% w/v NaOH solution at 87oC for 60 minutes has been carried out to remove lignin and hemicellulose structure so reducing sugar could be produced. Delignified pineapple leaf waste has been enzymatic hydrolyzed using cellulase enzyme (6 mL, 7 mL, and 8 mL) to produce reducing sugar. The sample was incubated in an incubator shaker at 155 rpm at 45, 55, and 60oC for 72 hours. Determination of reducing sugar yield had been carried out using the Dubois method and HPLC. The model indicated that the optimum operating condition of enzymatic hydrolysis is 7 mL of cellulase enzyme at 55oC to produce 96,673 mg/L reducing sugar. This result indicated that the enzymatic hydrolysis operating condition improved the reducing sugar yield from pineapple leaf waste. The optimum reducing sugar yield can produce biofuel by the saccharification process.

Investigation on Synthesis of Hydrogel Starting from Vietnamese Pineapple Leaf Waste-Derived Carboxymethylcellulose.

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is obtained from Vietnamese pineapple leaf waste through etherification. By treating pineapple leaf powder with a solution of NaOH then with HNO3 at 90°C for an appropriate time, cellulose can be efficiently extracted. To obtain CMC, carboxymethylation was performed by reaction of the pineapple cellulose with chloroacetic acid at 60°C for 1.5 h. The optimal conditions for this reaction were established. The resulting CMC had a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.91. The hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide to the synthesized CMC. During that reaction, N,N′methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) served as the crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator. The maximum hydrogel absorbencies for distilled water and 0.9 wt.% NaCl solution were relatively high, namely, 588.2 g/g and 79.3 g/g, respectively. Additionally, the water swelling and water retention behaviors of the hydrogel in soil were also investigated. The results showed that this hydrogel can be employed as a suitable moisture-holding additive in soil for cultivation purposes.

Cellulose solvent–based pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of pineapple leaf waste biomass for efficient release of glucose towards biofuel production

Leaf waste biomass of pineapple Ananas comosus can be used as the substrate for the second-generation biofuel production. The non-environmental friendly practice of pineapple leaf waste handling on the field can largely be avoided by directing the leaf waste as a feedstock for biofuels. In this study, three varieties of pineapple queen, simanchal (a local variety of India), and kew were used for the production of glucose. The leaf biomass of these pineapple varieties contained 19 to 22% extractives, 31 to 32% glucan, 17 to 22% hemicellulose, and 17 to 20% lignin. Biomass without any pre-treatment when digested with cellulase released 36 to 43% glucose, whereas glucose release percentages significantly elevated when the biomass was subjected to phosphoric acid-based cellulose solvent and organic solvent lignocellulose fractionation (COSLIF) pretreatment before hydrolysis. Herein, we found that cellulase enzyme dosages 5 filter paper unit (FPU) along with 10 international units (IU) of β-glucosidase per gram of glucan of COSLIF-pretreated leaf biomass of queen variety resulted in the generation of 84% glucose after 72 h of incubation. Assuming 100% conversion of glucose to ethanol, theoretical ethanol yield was calculated to be 212 L from 1 t dry leaf biomass.