Pine Sawyer Research Articles

Developmental responses to warming under various photoperiodic conditions of larvae of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), collected in late November

Developmental responses to warming under various photoperiodic conditions of larvae of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), collected in late November

Possible response to photoperiod of larvae of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), in pupal chambers

Possible response to photoperiod of larvae of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), in pupal chambers

Field parasitism and some informations on bionomy of Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire parasitized on the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope

Field parasitism and some informations on bionomy of Dastarcus helophoroides Fairmaire parasitized on the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope

Three Species of Long-horned Beetles Feeding on Taiwan Red Pine

Recent evidence has shown that the native Taiwan red pine (Pinus taiwanensis), once believed to be a resistant pine species, is subject to pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophulus attack. Because the pine sawyer, Monochamus alternates, has been confirmed as the major vector of the pinewood nematode, attempts were made to collect pine sawyers and other long-homed beetles in Taiwan red pine forests. A total of 28 adults and 42 larvae of 3 species of long-horned beetles, namely Acanthocinus gundaicnsis, M. alternatus, and Paraleprodera irzingeri, was found to be associated with dying and dead trees of Taiwan red pine. Based on this limited data, A. gundaiensis and P. itzingeri were more abundant than M. alternates in Taiwan red pine forests. Most significantly, 1 of the 16 newly emerged P. itzingeri was found to be carrying 7 Bursaphelenchus nematodes. This and the similarity of the feeding behavior of P. itzingeri and M. alternatus suggest that P. itzingeri may be a potential vector of the pinewood nematode in Taiwan red pine forests. This is the first report that Taiwan red pine is a host plant of M. alternatus and the endemic P. itzingeri and A. gundaiensis. The impact of these 3 species of long-horned beetles on Taiwan red pine must be understood and assessed before control measures directed at them, in an attempt to regulate the pinewood nematode in Taiwan red pine forests, can be implemented.

Comparison of Oviposition and Longevity of Monochamus alternatus and M. carolinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Under Laboratory Conditions

Female adults of 2 pine sawyer species, Monochamus alternatus Hope and Monochamus carolinensis (Olivier), were reared individually as unmated females or with a male as a mated female under laboratory conditions. The numbers of oviposition sites and eggs per female were recorded for the duration of the adult life stage. Patterns of oviposition, fecundity, and adult longevity were compared. M. alternatus females lived significantly longer than M. carolinensis , while M. carolinensis females deposited a greater number of eggs per day than M. alternatus females. This interaction resulted in similar fecundities for the 2 species. Unmated females lived significantly longer than mated females but deposited significantly fewer eggs per day, resulting in a significantly higher fecundity for mated females. The distribution of eggs within oviposition sites was similar between species and mated conditions. The majority of oviposition sites contained a single egg. The age-specific oviposition rates (eggs/48 hr) were also similar between species and mated status. Regressions of egg deposition and adult age indicated that all females had a nearly constant rate of egg deposition throughout their adult lives.

Developmental responses to warming under different photoperiodic conditions of larvae of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), collected in late November

Developmental responses to warming under different photoperiodic conditions of larvae of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), collected in late November

Effect of photoperiod on the chilling term in the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Effect of photoperiod on the chilling term in the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Field study of the effect of predation by insects on the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus HOPE (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Field study of the effect of predation by insects on the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus HOPE (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Low larval diapause termination of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: (Cerambycidae) when reared under long photoperiod before chilling and an effect of a short photoperiod on the diapause termination

Low larval diapause termination of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: (Cerambycidae) when reared under long photoperiod before chilling and an effect of a short photoperiod on the diapause termination

A simple method of rearing of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on an artificial diet

A simple method of rearing of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on an artificial diet

Seasonal prevelence, and control effect of the Japanese horntail, Urocerus japonicus II, by an attractant : Ecology of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus H. in Kouchi

Seasonal prevelence, and control effect of the Japanese horntail, Urocerus japonicus II, by an attractant : Ecology of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus H. in Kouchi

Biology of a Tylenchid Nematode Parasitic On the Japanese Pine Sawyer, Monochamus Alternatus

A nematode which parasitizes the reproductive organs of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus, has both a parasitic cycle and a mycetophagous free-living cycle. Entomoparasitic adult females lay eggs and hatched juveniles develop to 4th stage juveniles within the ovary and testis of M. alternatus adults. The 4th stage juveniles leave M. alternatus adults during defecation and during egg deposition. They moult to free-living adult males or infective adult females in the presence of M. alternatus larvae. The juveniles also moult to mycetophagous free-living adult males or females and propagate on the mycelia of an as yet unidentified fungus. The life history of the nematode is similar to that of Deladenus spp. but the morphology of the entomoparasitic female adult is similar to that of Contortylenchus spp.

Atmospheric Concentration of Aerially Applied Fenitrothion.

The variation of fenitrothion (MEP) concentration in the atmosphere was investigated after the aerial application of MEP for the control of pine sawyer beetles in Niigata City. In the applied area, MEP in air (CA, μg/m3) was 5.2-100μg/m3 at maximal concentrations ; MEP was detected on 12d after the application. MEP was drifted to the points located 50-1000m from the applied area ; atmospheric MEP (C, μg/m3) were 0.19-1.1μg/m3 at maximal concentrations. C was mainly dependent on passing time after the application, wind direction, air temperature and the distance from the applied area. CA (n=37) was represented by multiple regression analysis as log CA=-1.007×log T+0.01290×cos θ-0.07283×υ-1+6.033×log t-6.416 (γ2=0.736) where T (h), v (m), θ and t (°C) are passing time after the application, wind speed, wind direction (0gθg180 ; θ=0 at a NW wind) and air temperature, respectively. C (n=122) was represented as log C=-0.3165×log T+0.2154×cos θ+0.6329×υ-1+3.094×log t-0.2642×log D+0.2833×CA-4.570 (γ2=0.763) where D (m) was 100 + the distance from the applied area.

Larval sound production and growth of the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus HOPE

Larval sound production and growth of the Japanese pine sawyer, <i>Monochamus alternatus</i> HOPE

マツノマダラカミキリ幼虫の生態に関する研究 （ＩＩ） マツノマダラカミキリＭｏｎｏｃｈａｍｕｓ ａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｕｓ ＨＯＰＥ幼虫の発生音の性質

マツノマダラカミキリ幼虫の生態に関する研究 （ＩＩ） マツノマダラカミキリＭｏｎｏｃｈａｍｕｓ ａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｕｓ ＨＯＰＥ幼虫の発生音の性質

Maintenance of a Phloem-Inhabiting Guild

A guild composed of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and the southern pine sawyer, Monochamus titillator (F.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), occurring in pine phloem was studied. The goal of this study was to examine interactions between bark beetles and M. titillator that may be involved in maintaining guild structure. M. titillator potentially can cause significant bark beetle mortality. Mortality to the bark beetles was low because the bark beetles had little direct contact with M. titillator. Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann larvae avoided M. titillator by migrating to the outer bark, whereas Ips avulsus (Eichhoff) and I. calligraphus (Germar) developed rapidly and emerged from the tree before the phloem was foraged heavily by M. titillator . The fact that the bark beetles have little direct contact with M. titillator is enough to maintain the bark beetles' presence in this guild. In contrast, commensalism, through the expansion of M. titillator's resource base caused by bark beetle activity, seems to be important in maintaining M. titillator's place.

Audio spectra and related behavior of Monochamus titillator F. larvae

The behavior and audio spectra of Monochamus titillator F. larvae, the southern pine sawyer, were observed and measured in its natural environment. The sawyer is being utilized to assist in locating southern pine beetle infestations. The sawyer's audio emission is primarily in the 1000- to 2800-Hz range with intensity peaks at approximately 1300 and 2300 Hz. The analysis was obtained using both a sweep-frequency analyzer and an FFT spectrum analyzer. The oscilloscope display gave surprising information in that a single sound output seems to first intensify with time and then rapidly decay. A closer analysis reveals that a single sound is composed of several time decaying but ever intensifying components. The sound repetition rate varies from 30 to 120 pulses per minute depending on environmental conditions. The behavior of the sawyer during its sound production is being studied with regard to season of the year, time of day, ambient temperature, and sound production mechanism.

Synergism of Turpentine and Ethanol as Attractants for Certain Pine-Infesting Beetles (Coleoptera)

Responses of seven species of pine-infesting beetles to traps baited with either turpentine, ethanol, turpentine and ethanol released from separate dispensers, or a 1:1 solution of turpentine and ethanol released from one dispenser were assessed in three field experiments. The weevil species, Pachylobius picivorus (Germar), and the cerambycid pine sawyer, Monochamus carolinensis (Olivier), were attracted to turpentine and were unaffected by the addition of ethanol. The ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, responded to ethanol alone but was not attracted to turpentine, nor did the presence of turpentine significantly affect its response to ethanol. The remaining four species displayed responses to turpentine that were enhanced by the addition of ethanol, but in different ways according to the method of deployment. Hylobius pales (Herbst) weevils and M. titillator (F.) sawyers displayed greatest attraction to turpentine and ethanol whether they were released from side-by-side dispensers or as a solution from one dispenser. The black turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier), displayed the highest response to turpentine and ethanol in solution. The ambrosia beetle, X. pubescens Zimmermann, responded in low numbers to turpentine or ethanol deployed singly, but displayed an enhanced response (20-fold increase) to turpentine and ethanol deployed side-by-side and an even greater response (60-fold increase) to a solution of turpentine and ethanol. Reasons for increased responses by some species to a solution of turpentine and ethanol over the two released separately are not clear; they may lie in different dosages or evaporation rates of volatiles in the field. Laboratory analyses of trapped headspace volatiles from dispensers containing only turpentine and those containing a solution of turpentine and ethanol revealed no differences in the amounts of four principal monoterpene hydrocarbons (α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, and limonene) released over time. The synergistic effect of turpentine and ethanol for some species and not others may point to ecological differences between species with regard to the condition of preferred host material.

培地組成および培養期間がマツノマダラカミキリより分離されたＢｅａｕｖｅｒｉａ ｂａｓｓｉａｎａ分生子形成に及ぼす影響

培地組成および培養期間がマツノマダラカミキリから分離されたBeauveria bassianaの分生子形成に及ぼす影響を調査した。1) スクロース添加培地と比べて,ソルビトール添加培地でより多くの分生子が得られ,ソルビトールを1.2%添加したときに分生子収量が最も多かった。2) 培地の窒素源として蚕蛹粉末が有効であった。蚕蛹粉末の最適添加濃度は0.8%で,ペプトン1.0%を併用することによって分生子収量は1.5倍増加した。3) 凝固剤としてカラゲーナンあるいは寒天を用いた培地での分生子収量は両培地でほぼ同じであった。4) 調査した培地での分生子収量はいずれも培養10日目に最も多かった。また,収穫された分生子の発芽率は,培養6∼20日目まで90%前後でほぼ一定であった。

Oviposition schedules, survivorship curves, and mortality factors within trees of two cerambycid beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus hope, and sugi bark borer, Semanotus japonicus lacordaire

SummaryOviposition schedules under laboratory conditions, survivorship curves, and mortality factors within trees of two cerambycid beetles, Japanese pine sawyer (JPS),Monochamus alternatusHope, and sugi bark borer (SBB),Semanotus japonicusLacordaire, were investigated. Average longevities of reared adults of JPS were 38.1 days for males and 42.3 days for females; those of SBB were 15.7 days for males and 23.8 days for females. It was confirmed that the JPS must feed on the pine branches for full maturation after emergence, but SBB need not; they are able to lay eggs soon after emergence. The average fecundities of JPS and SBB were 32.9 and 90.5, respectively. Thus, the JPS lay fewer eggs for a long time with continuous maturation feeding, whereas the SBB lay more eggs for short time without maturation feeding. Average survivorship curves of JPS within dead pine trees in 8 pine forests were theDeevey's B type, showing a constant mortality through the pre‐imaginal stages in the trees. On the other hand those of SBB in 4 cedar stands approached theDeevey's type, suggesting that the high mortality occurred at an early stage in the trees. Average mortalities of JPS between the appearance of oviposition scars and adult emergence in 8 forests ranged from 62.3% to 95.2%. Intraspecific ompetition of JPS resulting from overcrowding in dead pine trees appeared to be main mortality factor. For SBB, as most larvae were killed by resin flow in living trees, this appeared to be the main mortality factor for this species.