Pine Mountain Research Articles

Cephalodesmius carminya, a new flightless dung beetle species from the Central Mackay Coast, Queensland.

A new species from the genus Cephalodesmius Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) is described from the Cental Mackay Coast bioregion, Queensland extending the northern range of the genus. Cephalodesmius carminya Ebert & Gunter new species is known from two localities in the Pine Mountain, Carminya Forest Reserve and 2.5 km west of Eungella dam. A key to the four species of Cephalodesmius is provided and we discuss morphological similarities between Cephalodesmius and its closest relative Canthonosoma Macleay.

Geophysical and structural analyses of the Middlesboro impact structure, Kentucky, USA: Reactivation of a thrust detachment of the Appalachian foreland fold‐and‐thrust belt

AbstractThis paper reports on the Middlesboro impact structure (36°37′03″ N; 83°43′39″ W), a complex impact structure located in the Appalachian foreland fold‐and‐thrust belt of southeast Kentucky, USA. The structure forms a basin approximately 5.5 km in diameter exposing intensely deformed Pennsylvanian sediments. Based on field data, microstructural observation, and geophysical analyses we qualitatively assess degree and distribution of fragmentation of target rocks within the impact structure. Shock deformation features, especially feather features, are reported for the impact structure. Shallow seismic refraction data were acquired along a radial profile from outside the impact structure to the center of the structure. Seismic (P‐wave) velocity trends indicate that fracture intensity increases toward the center, reducing the overall seismic velocity. However, intense rock sealing in some parts of the central uplift increases the strength of rock samples and locally increases seismic velocities. We present a modified geologic map of the Middlesboro impact structure based on high‐resolution lineament analysis, field work, and reevaluation of existing structural data from geologic maps. The modified map suggests that crater circularity at Middlesboro is skewed by the reactivation of pre‐existing zones of structural anisotropy in the target. We propose that due to an oblique impact from northerly direction the sub‐horizontal Pine Mountain thrust plane beneath the impact structure became reactivated with a top‐to‐the south shear component. The impact‐induced formation/reactivation of the Doublings Fault Zone as a thrust ramp appears to have deflected the otherwise straight strike of the Cumberland Mountains southward. The Rocky Face fault approaches the crater rim fault, and we propose that this sinistral strike‐slip fault was formed, or at least reactivated, by the impact and accommodated the oblique impact's horizontal momentum.

A new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidea: Cambaridae) from the Cumberland Thrust Block (eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, USA), with notes on the evolution of Cambarus Erichson, 1846 in the Ohio River Basin of the Appalachian Mountains

Abstract Cambarus intermontanus n. sp. is described from mountain streams in the Clear Creek basin along the Kentucky/Tennessee border between Cumberland and Pine Mountains on the Cumberland Thrust Block. The new species is morphologically most similar to Cambarus jezerinaci Thoma, 2000. It differs nevertheless from C. jezerinaci most consistently in the tuberculation of the opposable margins of the propodus. The new species possesses five or six tubercles and C. jezerinaci has four. Cambarus intermontanusn. sp. and C. jezerinaci differ from C. parvoculus Hobbs & Shoup, 1947 and C. distans Rhoades, 1944 in the thickness of the rostral margins and a more truncate rostral tip. The gonopod of C. jezerinaci has a central projection that is normally shorter than the mesial process, whereas that of C. intermontanusn. sp. is longer than the mesial process, C. distans is much shorter, and C. parvoculus is generally equal in length. The new species is genetically distinct from C. jezerinaci, C. magerae Thoma & Fetzner 2015, C. distans, and C. parvoculus differing by a 4–5% sequence divergence on average. Cambarus intermontanusn. sp. was found to be sister to a clade containing C. parvoculus, C. jezerinaci, and C. magerae.

Ethel Wright's Visual Record of Pine Mountain Settlement School, 1919–1921

Ethel Wright's Visual Record of Pine Mountain Settlement School, 1919–1921

Genetic legacy of southern Middle Siberian mountain and foothill populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.): Diversity and differentiation

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a widespread and economically important tree species in Eurasia. Southern Siberian, Scots pine mountain and foothills forests are especially valuable natural objects that help to stabilize environmental conditions. Due to the associated impact of natural and anthropogenic factors, the habitats of the species in southern Siberia are constantly shrinking. In this regard, the study of genetic diversity and structure of Scots pine forests in southern Siberia is very relevant. Here, we studied the genetic diversity and structure of eight Scots pine populations located in southern Middle Siberia (Russia). A high level of genetic diversity (HE = 0.518) was detected in the studied populations. No recent bottleneck effect, isolation by distance or isolation-by-environment were detected. Most genetic diversity was found within populations, while only 7% of genetic diversity occurred among populations. Both STRUCTURE analysis and UPGMA clustering showed two genetic groups. Two populations from the Minusink basin and a population from the Western Sayan Mts. formed the first group and the second group was composed of the other populations from Kuznetsk Alatau Mts., Central Tuva basin and Todzha basin. Our findings suggest that the studied Scots pine populations originate from different gene pools. The pattern of genetic diversity revealed by our study may be useful for the elaboration of conservation measures of genetic resources of Scots pine in southern Middle Siberia.

Petrology and geochemistry of the Fire Clay coalbed, Martin County, Inez 7 ½′ quadrangle, Kentucky, USA

The Middle Pennsylvanian Duckmantian-age Fire Clay coal in the vicinity of Inez, Martin County, Kentucky, USA, is about 80-km northeast of the intensely studied Fire Clay coal in central eastern Kentucky. The moderate-ash, high-S, high volatile B bituminous Martin County Fire Clay coal does not have an obvious volcanic ash parting, one of the major contributors to the rare earth element (REE)-rich central eastern Kentucky Fire Clay coal, and is further from the Pine Mountain thrust fault, the primary driver of hydrothermal metamorphism in the region. Terrigenous input and infiltrational mode of REE emplacement and redistribution were likely factors in the development of the REE chemistry of the Martin County coals, but, without the tuffaceous and strong hydrothermal influences, the overall level of the REE concentration is generally below the levels seen in many other central Appalachian coals.

Mechanical Models of Fault-Slip Rates in the Transverse and Peninsular Ranges, California

AbstractThe Transverse and Peninsular Ranges of Southern California host a geometrically complex network of seismically active faults with a range of slip senses. Here, we present 3D mechanical models of this region that are driven by the total Pacific-North American plate motion and slip on the San Andreas, San Jacinto, and Garlock faults. Based on these boundary conditions, we solve for the full 3D distribution of slip rates on 83 faults and compare model slip-rate predictions to long-term slip-rate data from Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast version 3 (UCERF3) as well as individual geologic point-based estimates of long-term slip. About 46/68 (68%) model-predicted average fault-slip rates are within the UCERF3 slip-rate ranges with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.03 mm/yr to the nearest (upper or lower) UCERF3 limit. The largest slip-rate discrepancies occur on the San Gabriel, Pine Mountain, and Big Pine faults, which may be presently inactive. We find that removing these three faults (i.e., assuming they are inactive) results in an improvement in all goodness-of-fit metrics with 47/63 (75%) UCERF3 slip rates fit with an RMSE of 0.40 mm/yr. We also compare this same model to existing point-based long-term slip-rate estimates and fit 39/69 (60%) with an RMSE of 0.79 mm/yr. The ability for the model to fit independent slip-rate data implies that strike slip along the “Big Bend” of the San Andreas fault (in conjunction with slip on the Garlock and San Jacinto faults) along with total plate motion is sufficient to reproduce both reverse-slip rates throughout the Transverse ranges and strike-slip rates in the Peninsular Ranges regions without additional driving forces needed. Overall, the models provide slip rates and distributions for 83 faults, including faults that currently do not have geologic slip-rate estimates and/or may not produce interseismic deformation.

Aspects of rare earth element geochemistry of the Pond Creek coalbed, Pike County, Kentucky

The chemistry of rare earth elements (REE) and selected critical elements was examined in the high volatile A bituminous Pond Creek coal in Pike County, Kentucky. The Pond Creek coal has been one of the most important coal resources in eastern Kentucky but, up to now, no modern methods, such as Inductively coupled plasma – mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) have been applied to the characterization of the rare earth elements within the coal. The concentration of the REE and their internal distribution (light REE/heavy REE) varies between lithotypes through the coal, ranging from <300-ppm REE at the top of the coal to >1000-ppm REE in the bright lithotype (zone 4) in the middle of the coal. The latter lithotype has the highest light REE/heavy REE, suggesting that the mire was isolated from detrital sources of REE-bearing minerals and, instead, was influenced by hydrothermal enrichment emanating from the movements along the Pine Mountain trust fault to the south of the study area. The Mn + Fe2O3 + CaO and Sr + Ba chemistry of the lithotype suggests that it's precursor mire was less acidic than other bright lithotypes with the Pond Creek profile, however the upward change in the chemistry indicates a temporal acidification of the zone 4 lithotype.

KARAKTERISTIK LAHAN DAN KOMPOSISI JENIS TANAMAN PENYUSUN AGROFORESTRY DI KECAMATAN SESEAN KABUPATEN TORAJA UTARA

Agroforestry system recently developed by the community to meet their needs. But many people’s don’t understand yet to select suitability plants on the agroforestry land. This study aims to determine the land characteristics and components of agroforestry in District Sesean, Toraja District. This research caried out in the way comparethe requireiment of plants and charactristic at land. Plants in research location are robusta coffee, cocoa, banana, mangosteen, buangin (pine mountain), aren, bamboo betung, and uru. The result of research indicated land suitability of plants are moderately suitable (S2) to marginal suitable (S3). Limitation factors that limit plant growth is predominantly rainfall and also temperature, but both of these limiting factors are difficult and can not be repaired.&#x0D; Keywords :Agroforestry, Land characteristics, Plants

Detection of Eastern Spotted Skunks on Pine Mountain in Southeastern Kentucky Using Baited Enclosed Track Plates

Spilogale putorius (Eastern Spotted Skunk) is listed as a species of greatest conservation need by Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources. The objective of this study was to use enclosed track plates to investigate whether the species occurred in 7 protected areas along Pine Mountain in eastern Kentucky. We inventoried 30 sites from December 2017 through March 2018. We detected skunks in March at 2 different sites located at Kingdom Come Preserve and Hensley Pine Wildlife Management Area. We recommend further inventories for Eastern Spotted Skunks on Pine Mountain and comparisons of enclosed track plates to remote camera traps to detect Eastern Spotted Skunks in Appalachia.

Guest Editorial—“The Lure of the Lab”

My undergraduate research experiences completely changed my life and career trajectory! I credit my early research work to leading me to become a Staff Scientist at the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii, build camera systems used on the largest telescopes in the world, and share my expertise and love of astronomy with students at the UO Pine Mountain Observatory.

Relict pine forests with &lt;i&gt;Arctostaphylos uva-ursi&lt;/i&gt; in the Zhiguli Mountains (the Middle Volga Region)

The pine mountain forest with bearberry is a rare, relict and endangered phytocoenosis in the Middle Volga (Samara Region; Stavropol District). At present, they are distributed in a limited way and only in the area of the Zhigulevsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve named after I.I. Sprygin. On this territory, geobotanical relevs of plots with bearberry were performed. The ecological-phytocenotic and floristic characteristics of the phytocenosis from the position of Braun-Blanquet are given. Ecotopes are located on slopes of different steepness of the western and north-western exposure. The plant community forms several layers. The species composition is not rich. The dominant species are Pinus cretacea Kalen., Arctostaphyllos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., Carex pediformis C.A. Mey., Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, Rhaponticoides ruthenica (Lam.) M.V. Agab. et Greuter, Asperula tinctoria L. Rare species: Arctostaphilos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., Astragalus zingeri Korsh., Euphorbia zhiguliensis (Prokh.) Prokh., Gypsophila juzepczukii Ikonn., Helianthemum nummularium Mill., Koeleria sclerophylla P.A. Smirn., Pulsatilla patens Mill., Thymus zheguliensis Klokov et Des.-Shost., that are listed in the Red Book of the Samara Region. In recent years, pine forests with bearberry have suffered greatly from fires and are in the stage of degradation. The uniqueness and relict nature of the bearberry phytocenoses in the Zhiguli Mountains requires their preservation.

Amici Curiae Brief of Law Professors et al., Pine Mountain Preserve, LLP v. Commissioner, filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

Second Amici Curiae Brief of Law Professors et al., filed in support of the government in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in Pine Mountain Preserve, LLP v. Commissioner, on appeal from U.S Tax Court No. 8956-13, 151 T.C. 247 (2018).

Snow-Covered Pine Trees and Mountains at the Swiss Alps in Winter

Snow-Covered Pine Trees and Mountains at the Swiss Alps in Winter

Prophecy

Prophecy Amy McCleese Nichols (bio) I quit smoking some time ago, and I do not miss the stench,Nor the half-caught breaths, the wheeze of undiscovered asthma.Rather, I miss the fire of it, drifts of smoke like incense,The seeking of ways, a step outside to test the winds,The slowing of time, the pull to a bare hilltop.The red ember a divining rod to stir,Pull the entrails of life all apart,See the pattern and pray for guidance.I was a prophet, then, a truth-seeker,And no one came near who could not bear the weight of ashes,The stench of death surrounding me.Now, when I need to throw the bones, I step outside,But what shall I find to cry to those who pass “Hold! Have you seen?”How else can I carry a censor out into these holy streets? [End Page 107] Amy McCleese Nichols Amy McCleese Nichols grew up in Flemingsburg, Kentucky, and remains invested in the places and experiences of her home region. She was the 2016 recipient of the University of Louisville Creative Writing Award for Poetry, and her work has also appeared previously in Pine Mountain Sand and Gravel and Appalachian Review. She holds a doctorate in Rhetoric and Composition from the University of Louisville and currently serves as the Director of Writing Resources at Berea College. Copyright © 2020 Berea College

Amici Curiae Brief, Pine Mountain Preserve, LLP V. Commissioner, Filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

Amici Curiae Brief of Law Professors et al., filed in support of the government in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in Pine Mountain Preserve, LLP v. Commissioner, on appeal from U.S Tax Court No. 8956-13, 151 T.C. 247 (2018).

Eliza Calvert Hall, A Book of Hand-Woven Coverlets, and Collecting Coverlet Patterns in Early Twentieth Century Appalachia

In her 1912 book, Eliza Calvert Hall describes looking out of her window and seeing coverlets thrown over tobacco wagons on way to market. She would run out and try to bargain with the owner for the coverlet. She collected coverlets, their design names, and their patterns. Since Hall supported herself with her writing, she counted on her coverlet book appealing to the wide audience of people interested in the Colonial Revival in home decoration. Although hall published the book, she was just the more visible of those interested in coverlets during the early twentieth century. Throughout Appalachia, there were women, some originally from the area and others working there, who collected coverlet patterns. Many of these women knew each other and supported each other’s efforts to train weavers to reproduce coverlets in a form of early economic development for Appalachia. In Kentucky, Katherine Pettit, the founder of the Hindman Settlement School and the Pine Mountain Settlement School, and Anna Ernberg, Director of the Fireside Industries at Berea College collected patterns and ran weaving businesses. In Tennessee, Sarah Doughterty, who traced her lineage in the mountains to Revolutionary War times, wove many of the coverlet patterns she gathered as part of her family business, the Shuttle-Crafters. In North Carolina, a Presbyterian missionary, Francis Goodrich, was fascinated by a Bowknot Coverlet and embarked on finding weavers, seeking out patterns, and promoting passing down skills to the next generation. Weaving signaled the beginning of the Appalachian Craft Revival as dozens of weaving centers provided income to continue to inspire weavers, coverlet collectors, and textile enthusuasts.

Tax Court Remains Firm in Stance Against Floating Easements

The US Tax Court once again ruled, by decision dated December 27, that there is no charitable deduction for a gift of an easement with moving boundaries, declining to heed the Fifth Circuit's “ease off” message (Pine Mountain Preserve, LLLP v. Commissioner).

A Poet Offers Her Confession About Grazing in a Grocery Store

A Poet Offers Her Confession About Grazing in a Grocery Store Thomas Alan Holmes (bio) The produce section was a moral testI failed by nibbling things I had not bought,at first by tasting grapes dropped loose, so sweet—so many colors!—grapes I later pinchedfrom stems to palm, then in the roses, poppedinto my guilty mouth as if I'd yawnedand would preserve a lady's modesty.I filched a plum or two, in braver time,then waited my comeuppance, all in vain,and plotted plugging summer melons rightbefore the eyes of produce boys, my knife'sslick clip point hid beneath my fingertip. [End Page 118] Thomas Alan Holmes Thomas Alan Holmes, a member of the East Tennessee State University English faculty, lives in Johnson City. His recent work has appeared in Pine Mountain Sand & Gravel, Still: The Journal, and Not My President: The Anthology of Dissent. He is the co-editor, with Daniel Westover, of The Fire That Breaks: Gerard Manley Hopkins's Poetic Legacies. Copyright © 2019 Berea College

Second Amici Curiae Brief of Law Professors et al., Pine Mountain Preserve, LLP v. Commissioner, filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

Second Amici Curiae Brief of Law Professors et al., Pine Mountain Preserve, LLP v. Commissioner, filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit