Pinar Del Research Articles

Cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients

Introduction: the term Diabetes Mellitus describes a syndrome in which there is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with alterations in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins as a result of defects in the secretion or action of insulin or both. Objective: to determine cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients belonging to the Family Medical Clinic # 130 of the Hermanos Cruz Teaching Polyclinic in Pinar del Río, during the period from September 2021 to September 2023. Methods: an observational, descriptive and transversal research was carried out. The universe was constituted by 64 patients. For this purpose, the following fundamental research methods and techniques were used: documentary analysis, observation, interview, measurement and hypothetical-deductive; computer tools were also used for the statistical processing of information, such as SPSS. Results: patients between 70-79 years of age predominated with 28% of the patients. According to the time of evolution of the disease, patients who had suffered from it for more than 10 years prevailed. The most representative cardiovascular risk factors were: arterial hypertension, smoking and sedentary lifestyle. Conclusions: it was determined that arterial hypertension, smoking and sedentary lifestyle are the risk factors with the highest incidence and prevalence in the overall cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients

Resurrection of Typhlops cubae Bibron, 1843 (Serpentes: Typhlopidae), with taxonomic comments on the Typhlops lumbricalis species group

We resurrected Typhlops cubae Bibron, 1843, a species considered as a nomen dubium for the past 55 years. Based on a designated lectotype and nearly 80 additional specimens, we redescribed the species and compare it with other congeners from the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola Islands. We found that Typhlops cubae is related to the Typhlops lumbricalis species group, restricting its distribution to western Cuba and Isla de la Juventud, and overlapping with Typhlops pachyrhinus along the Pinar del Río and Artemisa provinces. We also provided additional comments about the taxonomy of other Cuban Typhlops updating their geographical distribution.

Cuban Macaw (<i>Ara tircolor</i>) in the Upper Pleistocene of western Cuba

The Cuban Macaw, Ara tricolor (Bechstein, 1811), is an extinct species of large parrots with little known historical distribution and ecology. To date, only three late Quaternary paleontological and one archaeozoological (17th–18th centuries) finds of the species have been described from central Cuba. This article describes the new (fourth) fossil record of the Cuban Macaw, a fragmentary carpometacarpus from the Upper Pleistocene layers of El Abrón Cave in Pinar del Río province. This is the first documented evidence of the species from the western part of Cuba. The associated fauna indicates that the Cuban Macaw lived in mosaic, semi-open marshy landscapes, probably similar to those in the vicinity of Ciénaga de Zapata in modern times.

Aprovechamiento de residuos: propuesta en la producción de abonos orgánicos - alimento animal en la Mini-industria La Guajira

The use of waste in the production of organic fertilizers and animal feed, in the La Guajira Mini-industry, in the agro-productive scenario of the CPA July 26; The result is inserted into the Project: Municipal climate governance and sustainable agroforestry production of foods with low emissions and adapted to climate change in Cienfuegos and Pinar del Río, Cuba; descriptive, explanatory, non-experimental study, using theoretical and empirical methods. Results: characterization of the Mini-industry, and design of the proposed actions. Conclusions: carrying out a characterization from a social, economic and environmental perspective of the La Guajira Mini-industry, facilitated the understanding of potentialities - weaknesses in the treatment of waste, showed the need to propose new alternatives to contribute to the adaptation to the climate change, the design of a proposal of actions that articulates with the objectives of the Projects and in synergy with the Territorial Social Economic Development Strategy, promotes alternatives for the productive chain in the use of organic fertilizers and animal feed, all of which recognizes the social economic value of the La Guajira Mini-industry, favoring the development of the agro-productive scenario of the CPA July 26.

Bladder Lymphoma. Presentation of clinical case

Introduction: lymphomas develop in lymphoid tissue located in lymph nodes and in dissimilar organs of the human body. They are malignant tumors located in the lymphoid tissue with a low incidence in the genitourinary tract as the primary site; among them, those of the bladder are uncommon. Primary bladder lymphomas present an indistinguishable clinical-radiological pattern, of solid growth and with characteristics similar to urothelial carcinoma. Objective: to present a clinical case, with a diagnosis of primary bladder lymphoma treated in the Oncology service of the “Abel Santamaría Cuadrado” General Teaching Hospital in Pinar del Río. Case presentation: patient, 58 years old, male, white, relative health history; In February 2020, he went to the clinic due to bleeding in his urine, urinary urgency, droplet urination, as well as weight loss of more than 15 lbs. and evening fever. He was evaluated by the urology service, which suspected urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, which led to a systematic diagnosis that determined infiltration of the bladder wall by intermediate B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Conclusions: the diagnosis in these cases is determined by immunohistochemistry studies and tumor monoclonality demonstrated by molecular biology techniques. Primary bladder lymphomas have a solid growth pattern similar to that of urothelial carcinoma. The choice for treatment consists of a regimen consisting of CHOP chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, doxorubicin) combined with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. We present a case of infradiaphragmatic intermediate B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with extralymphatic involvement of the bladder

Breastfeeding, Oral Habits, and Malocclusions in Children Aged 3 to 6 Years

Introduction: Breastfeeding is one of the fundamental principles for promoting health and preventing diseases. Objective: To determine the impact of breastfeeding on the occurrence of deforming oral habits and malocclusions in children. Method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on children attending the "Hermanos Saiz" Stomatological Clinic in the municipality of San Juan y Martínez, Pinar del Río, from November 2023 to May 2024. Population: Children aged between 3 and 6 years. (N=125). Sample: Intentionally selected by expert criteria, including 75 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information was obtained from individual medical records, surveys, and patient information forms. Descriptive statistics were used, with results presented as absolute and percentage frequencies. Results: Combined breastfeeding predominated in 5-year-old female patients with a breastfeeding duration of 0 to 3 months associated with combined breastfeeding. The main deforming oral habits were mouth breathing and digital sucking during the breastfeeding period of 0 to 3 months. The most frequent malocclusions were open bites and mesial steps. Conclusions: Mixed breastfeeding conditioned the presence of deforming oral habits which, when combined with poor maxillary development, could lead to malocclusions. The relationship between the infant's nutrition modality and malocclusions should continue to be studied constantly to provide more diagnostic and practical contributions.

Morphophysiological comparison of seedlings of Solanum lycopersicum obtained with substrate in tray

The seedbed phase is decisive in the use of quality seedlings for transplanting. This research aimed to evaluate the differentiated vegetative response of tomato cultivars (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to two substrates under tray conditions. The experiment was carried out at the University of Pinar del Río, Cuba. The cultivars 'Celeste', 'Desquite', 'Grandioso' and 'Radiante' were used in a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement (factors: substrate and cultivar). The substrates were made from Fersialitic soil, organic materials (humus or peat) and rice husks. Sowing was carried out in trays with 40 alveoli (tubes), with a capacity for 70 g of substrate each. The substrates used guaranteed adequate morphophysiological development of tomato seedlings, regardless of the cultivar evaluated, although 'Desquite' presented the lowest absolute growth rate. With the use of the substrate based on soil, humus and rice husk, the number of seedlings useful for transplanting increased by 5%, which guarantees a reduction in the number of trays and volume of substrate used in this phase of crop.

Clinical and genetic characterization of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Introduction: people with disabilities represent around 10% of the population. The most common of the muscular dystrophies is Duchenne, a recessive X-linked disorder that affects 1 in 3,500 males. Objectives: characterize the clinical and genetic findings of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Methods: an observational and descriptive study was carried out in a series of 9 patients evaluated at the Department of Medical Genetics of Pinar del Río, Cuba in the period from January 2014 to December 2023. Results: 78% of the total cases were diagnosed between 5 and 8 years of age, in 66.6% of the patients a family history of the disease was reported. Delayed psychomotor development and gastrocnemius pseudohypertrophy were highlighted in 100% of cases followed by gait disturbance, Gowers sign and hyporeflexia in 88.8% of patients. In 77.7% of the patients, deletion-type mutations were identified in some of the exons analyzed. Conclusions: The clinical and molecular characterization of the disease allows the diagnosis to be made and subsequently provides tools to primary care professionals to provide assistance, coordinate care with appropriate specialists, provide genetic counseling not only to the index case but also to the families to screen for female carriers..

Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor in the Upper Pleistocene of Western Cuba.

The Cuban macaw Ara tricolor (Bechstein, 1811) is an extinct species of large parrots. Its historical distribution and ecology are poorly understood. To date, only three late Quaternary paleontological and one archeozoological (17th-18th centuries) finds of the species have been described from central Cuba. A new (fourth) fossil find of the Cuban macaw is described and is a fragmentary carpometacarpus from Upper Pleistocene layers of the El Abrón Cave in the Pinar del Río province. The find provides the first documented evidence of the species from the western part of Cuba. The associated fauna indicates that the Cuban macaw lived in mosaic, semi-open marshy landscapes, which were probably similar to those in the vicinity of Ciénaga de Zapata in modern times.

Community Intervention Programme. Domestic violence against women

Violence against women is an obstacle to achieving equality, equity, development, peace and social participation. It is multidimensional so its response must be global, systemic and holistic from prevention, assistance and protection to recovery. A descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional research was designed in the period from January to December 2023, in Villa 1 Popular Zone, in Consolation del Sur Municipality, Pinar del Río Province, where a group of women victims has been identified of domestic violence. The general objective was aimed at analyzing the perception that women who are victims of domestic violence have about the suffered violence. The population was made up of 40 women who demanded specialized care, to which an anonymous psychosocial survey was applied. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS statistical package. Outstanding results were obtained such as: in the studied women, young adults predominated, with partners, a high level of education, with or without a work relationship, from the urban area, the nuclear family predominated, being the aggressor the current partner, jealousy was the cause of abuse and its obvious link to alcohol. The most frequent type of violence was psychological or emotional. It reacts with more violence in the response of the victims, it was related to ingestion of alcoholic beverages and they told her that they should report and seek help. A Community Intervention Program is proposed.

Screening and diagnostic algorithm of hereditary metabolic nephropathies in newborns

Introduction: inborn errors of metabolism expressed as hereditary nephropathies, entail various biochemical abnormalities that facilitate their screening and diagnosis in the newborn.Objective: to offer a useful, ideal, simple and reliable screening alternative as a tool for the diagnosis of hereditary metabolic nephropathies in newborns.Methods: an observational and cross-sectional study was carried out during the period September 2021-February 2023, at the Abel Santamaría Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital, Pinar del Río province, Cuba. The universe consisted of 90 patients and a representative sample of 63 was taken. The variables were studied: glycemia, lactinemia, ammonemia, arterial hemogasometry, urinalysis, hyperazotemia, heel test and perinatal risk factors associated with hyperazotemia. Empirical, theoretical and statistical methods were used. Medical ethics were respected.Results: the correlation predominated hypoglycemia, hyperlactinemia and hyperammonemia with an incidence of 55.56% and patients with metabolic acidosis in 49.21%. A greater frequency was observed in the correlation of patients with alterations in the urinary supernatant and hyperazoemia, for 33.33% of the sample. The number of patients with negative neonatal screening was higher, at 87%. Low birth weight and prematurity were the perinatal risk factors most associated with hyperazoemia in the patients treated, 36.51% and 33.33% respectively.Conclusions: the results obtained show high sensitivity and low specificity, but they still give us a reliable parameter and a tool to help diagnose hereditary metabolic nephropathies

A comprehensive approach to oral health from the epidemiology of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis in pediatric patients

Introduction: Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (AHGE) is the most common clinical manifestation of primary herpes simplex virus type 1, infection. It is a childhood disease, more frequent in infants and children under 6 years of age. Methods: an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in pediatric patients between the ages of 0 and 18 who attended with signs and symptoms of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis in the period from January 2022 to January 2023 at the dental clinic “AntonioBriones Montoto”, Pinar del Río, Cuba. The universe consisted of 156 children and the sample, obtained by simple random sampling, by 65 children according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The results were presented in tables and graphs to facilitate analysis and discussion. Results: there was a prevalence of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis in the ages of 2 and 6 years for 52,3 %. The most frequently detected signs and symptoms were pain in 100 %, difficulty in eating food in 87,7 %. The main risk factors were: catarrhal states with 40,0 % and febrile states 27,7 %. The level of knowledge about oral health was classified as regular with 44,6 %. Conclusions: ignorance of the causes, treatment and evolution of GEHA is the consequence of poor health education, hence the need to establish educational programs with a view to reducing the incidence and prevalence of oral diseases.

Socio-demographic and epidemiological risk factors of early gestation. Pinar del Río Municipality

Socio-demographic and epidemiological risk factors of early gestation. Pinar del Río Municipality

National Plan Fort he Advancement of women in the health sector. Pinar del Río

National Plan Fort he Advancement of women in the health sector. Pinar del Río

Characterization of low birth weight. Pinar del Río Municipality

Characterization of low birth weight. Pinar del Río Municipality

Knowledge of caregivers of disabled elderly. Pedro Borrás Astorga Polyclinic. Pinar del Río. 2023

Introduction: Healthy elderly require supervision and help, being greater in disabled elderly. Objective: to determine the level of knowledge of caregivers of disabled elderly people of the Popular Council "Ceferino Fernández Viña", Pedro Borrás Astorga health area, Pinar del Municipality Rio, during the first quarter of 2023. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, with a universe of 91 caregivers and a sample of 84, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were used. Results: 21.4% of the caregivers are between 40 and 49 years of age and 85.7% are female. The care that did not have knowledge related to the duties and rights of the disabled predominated 84.5%, the need to emphasize the lost capacities more than the conserved ones in 70.2%. 80.9% of the sample does have knowledge about nutrition in the disabled elderly. The level of knowledge in general of the studied caregivers was evaluated in most of the caregivers with a medium level of 55.9%. Conclusions: most of the caregivers of the disabled elderly studied have deficiencies related to the knowledge to adequately carry out their work

Characterization of adolescents seen in the menstrual regulation consultation. Pedro Borrás Astorga Polyclinic. 2022- 2023

Introduction: abortion is a health problem that compromises sexual and reproductive health in adolescence. Objective: to characterize the adolescents who attended the menstrual regulation consultation at the “Pedro Borrás Astorga” University Polyclinic in the Pinar del Río municipality during 2022 and 2023. Methods: observational, descriptive and transversal research, with a universe of 574 adolescents who attended that consultation and the sample of 343 according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The medical records of the adolescents were reviewed and a survey was administered. Descriptive statistical methods were used. Results: adolescents between 14 and 16 years of age predominated, 163 (47.5%), single 245 (71.4%) and who had their first sexual relations between 14 and 16 years, 186 adolescents (54.2%). The main reasons that led adolescents to carry out menstrual regulation were the desire to continue studying in 152 adolescents (44.3%) and the not desire to have children at that time in 123 of them (35.8%) The complication derived from menstrual regulation that occurred most was bleeding in 26 (45.6%). Conclusions: the high demand for menstrual regulation in adolescents constitutes a health problem in the Pinar del Río population, which is why it is necessary to develop health actions that contribute to improving the sexual and reproductive health of this important population segment

Factors associated with prematurity in Pinar del Río year 2023

Introduction. Premature birth constitutes a great challenge for Perinatal Medicine; knowing the factors involved contributes to its prevention.Aim. Characterize the risk factors related to prematurity in Pinar del Río.Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional investigation was carried out on 147 preterm newborns, analysis of documents and birth databases was carried out, presentation of results in tables and map. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS program, summary measures were used for quantitative and qualitative variables.Results. The prematurity rate was 7.6%, Los Palacios, Minas de Matahambre and San Luis present the highest risk, 82.5% of the mothers were between 20 and 35 years old, 60.2% with good economic income, 19.4% They had a history of spontaneous abortions, 5.8% used tobacco, 63.0% had vaginal or urinary infections, 52.4% threatened preterm birth. There was a statistical association between black skin color, history of spontaneous abortion, hypertensive disorders, alcohol and tobacco consumption, poor housing conditions and student with IUGR. The workers, regular housing conditions, history of spontaneous abortion with the threat of preterm birth.Conclusions. Prematurity was high, three municipalities were at highest risk, sociodemographic factors, history of chronic diseases and other health damage, obstetric history, factors related to the current pregnancy were represented in prematurity. Severe maternal conditions and IUGR with altered Doppler were among the most associated triggering events.

Evaluation of Burnout Syndrome and associated factors in primary care health personnel

Objective: to evaluate Burnout syndrome and associated factors in health personnel of Primary Care. Methods: observational, analytical, cross-sectional study, carried out in Pinar del Río during January 2023, in non-probabilistic sampling for convenience, of 127 participants, who met the inclusion criteria. The application of instruments such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire, allowed obtaining the information that gave output to the studied variables, applying descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Medical ethics were respected. Results: 66,9 % of the workers were women, with a median of 31 years of age. Resident physicians predominated (45,7 %), with a median of 8 years working in the sector. 73,2 % showed overload, with the emotional exhaustion dimension being the most affected. The presence of Burnout syndrome was associated with sleeping eight hours a day (p=0,016) and with satisfaction with economic income (p<0,001). The affectation of the emotional exhaustion dimension was statistically associated with sex, religion and sleeping eight hours a day (p<0,05). Depersonalization was associated with religion (p=0,001), sleeping eight hours a day (p=0,016), smoking (p=0,001) and satisfaction with economic income (p=0,011); while professional achievement was related to sleeping eight hours a day (p<0,001), adequate dietary habits (p=0,038) and satisfaction with economic income (p=0,016). Conclusions: Burnout syndrome was evaluated in primary care health personnel, identifying the demographic characteristics, lifestyle and work variables of the sample, and their relationship with professional exhaustion

Minirehabilitation room for grandparents

Introduction: aging is a natural physiological process, but there are ways to prevent this natural wear and tear, such as geriatric rehabilitation, which guarantees healthy aging, through the practice of moderate physical activity. Objective: to rehabilitate older adults in the Medical Office, through the practice of physical exercises, using implements made of disposable and disused materials. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional, innovative study was carried out. The universe was constituted by the 234 older adults of the 26th clinic of Pinar del Rio and the sample by the 33 selected by intentional sampling taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: the most frequent chronic diseases in older adults were arterial hypertension and diabetes, while dyslipoproteinemias and arthritis were the ones with the best response to geriatric rehabilitation. All the adults were satisfied with the benefits of rehabilitation. None were hospitalized, nor did any death occur. 100 % of the patients were satisfied with the rehabilitation. 336,55 cup were saved per unit of instruments made; total of 1191,5 cup and to the country, per benefited patient 32 053,44 cup per month, total 194 336,64 cup in the studied period. Conclusions: geriatric rehabilitation through the practice of physical exercise has beneficial effects on the life, mood and desire to live of older adults. Because of the biological, economic and social impact, this work was relevant in the Provincial Health Innovation Forum.