Pimpri Chinchwad Research Articles

Sweetened Areca Nut, A Risk in Dental Caries among Adolescents in Pune, Maharashtra? A Case-Control Study

Abstract Introduction: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) causes dental caries and so does chewing of areca nut (sweetened supari) due to the presence of sugar. Since conflicting views exist about whether areca nut causes dental caries or not, and since studies are undertaken in adults and data on adolescents are not available, this study was carried out. Since those were cross-sectional or longitudinal studies, this case-control study was undertaken to understand if flavored/sweetened areca nut is a risk factor for dental caries. Material and Method: This unmatched case-control study was conducted among the male students of 8th to 10th standard in the age group of 12–16 of four Madhyamik Vidyalaya’s (MVs) in Pimpri–Chinchwad (urban area), Pune. A directed acyclic graph (DAG) was drawn to determine the independent variables to be selected for the study and minimal variables to be adjusted during data analysis. Selection of cases was based on diagnostic and eligibility criteria. The data on the use of sweetened areca nuts and the presence of caries were collected through oral examination and a semistructured questionnaire administered by the principal investigator on a one-to-one basis between August 2022 and October 2022. Data were analyzed using epiinfoTM 7.2.5.0. Results: This study of 146 males in the age group of 13 to 16 years had 61 students as cases and 85 as controls. No significant difference was observed between the group with (cases) and without (controls) dental caries for areca nut use (pack years) whether consumed daily or less frequently for 1 year or more. While the exposure rate to areca nut among cases was 44.26%, for the control group it was 36.47%. The odds ratio of sweetened areca nut as being the risk factor for dental caries was 1.38 at 95% CI (0.70–2.71) with P = 0.44. Conclusion: This study revealed that the adolescent users of sweetened areca nuts studying in government schools had a higher exposure odds ratio for dental caries. However, it was not significant statistically. Information bias including recall may have influenced the outcome.

Assessment of depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol dependence, and resilience in migrant workers during COVID-19 crisis.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers in India have gone through many hardships. After the lockdown, many construction sites, factories, and workplaces shut down, and innumerable migrant workers faced a loss of income, shortage of food, and uncertain future. This massive change in their living conditions made them vulnerable to psychological problems. To screen for depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol dependence, and resilience in migrant workers during the COVID-19 crisis. Migrant workers at seven camps in the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Maharashtra, were surveyed with the help of the Depression Anxiety Stress (DASS-21) Scale to assess depression, anxiety, and stress levels, AUDIT C for assessing alcohol use disorders, and Connor-Davidson resilience scale short form (CD RISC) for assessing resilience. A total of 1053 migrant workers were surveyed. It showed that 57.54% of workers had depressive symptoms, 64.96% had anxiety symptoms, and 39.32% had subjective stress. Female migrant workers had more severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms as compared to males while male workers were more at risk of alcohol use disorder as compared to females. Migrants without family had more symptoms of severe depression and alcohol use disorder as compared to those with family. Regression analysis showed that levels of anxiety were independently associated with female gender, unmarried status, stress, depression, and alcohol use disorder while resilience negatively predicted anxiety in these migrant workers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrant workers were at risk of depression, anxiety, stress, and alcohol use disorder. Females and migrants without families came out to be more vulnerable to these psychological problems. Hence during the pandemic situation, identifying this vulnerable population and special preventive or therapeutic programs for them can be of crucial importance.

Determination of Fluoride Levels and pH in Community Drinking Water Supply across Pune City, Maharashtra

Context: The knowledge of fluoride levels and pH in potable water is important for health-care personnel and policymakers in general and dentists in particular, but the data regarding fluoride levels and pH of community drinking water in Pune City are deficient. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the fluoride levels and pH in community drinking water supply across Pune City, Maharashtra. Subjects and Methods: In an in vitro, experimental study, a total of 30 water samples were collected from one water treatment plant, one water storage reservoir, and three adjoining residential areas of the Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) and Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) region. They were analyzed for fluoride content using (2-(parasulfophenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-naphthalene disulfonate) based-spectrophotometric method, and for pH using a digital pH meter. Statistical Analysis Used: Fluoride and pH values were subjected to Mann–Whitney U-test and intragroup comparison of fluoride and pH levels at various levels of water distribution was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: The mean concentration of fluoride and the pH in water samples from different locations across Pune City were 0.262 and 7.02 mg/L, respectively. Although levels across various sources were different, there was no statistical difference between the fluoride content or the pH of the water from sources across PMC and PCMC regions. Conclusions: The fluoride content of the community water supply of Pune City was below the recommended standards yet within the permissible limits in considering the temperature range in Pune City across different seasons. The pH of the drinking water of Pune City was optimal.

Community Pharmacist's Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude Towards use of Vitamin Supplements in Pimpri-Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) Area of Pune, India: A Descriptive Cross Sectional Study.

US FDA defines: dietary supplements is a product that intended to supplement a person's diet, it's generally consist of at least one or more of the following dietary ingredients, vitamin, minerals, a herb or other botanical and amino acid by increasing the daily consumptions of an extract metabolite concentration, constitute or combinations of these medication. Excessive and inappropriate use of medicines has been recognised as a public health problem resulting in increased likelihood of adverse drug event, drug interaction, and inappropriate drug prescribing and increased cost. This was the cross-sectional study conducted in year 2022 at Pimpri Chinchwad (Pune). The total 250 questionaires are distributed and from that 226 response were received. Target population consist of community pharmacists working in the drug store in this area (n=226). Data was represented in three domains of study i. e. awareness, knowledge and attitude. Correlation coefficient using Pearson's method were determined to evaluate strength of correlation between awareness-knowledge, Knowledge-attitude and awareness-attitude. Correlation coefficient were calculated by comparing most relevant and equal number of questions. The study demonstrated positive attitude among surveyed community pharmacists in Pune, India. There is lacuna in accurate and adequate awareness, knowledge and attitude of vitamin deficiency, efficiency, recommended daily allowance (RDA), toxicity and interactions among pharmacist as one of the stakeholders of healthcare in India. Few of the remedies viz. framing of guidelines, inclusion in formal education syllabus, continuous education, updation exams etc. may be of use.

Effectiveness of chemical road dust suppressants on paved roads of Pimpri Chinchwad

Introduction: Currently, reducing road dust emissions is a serious problem for safe and environment-protective transportation, leading to Particulate Matter (PM) limit violations and high population exposures to dust containing poisonous metals and mineral particles. Nowadays chemical road dust suppressants are being employed more frequently as a viable remedy to reduce roadside dust emissions.
 Materials and methods: Two seasons winter and summer were selected for the study and during which, typically 3 types of roads as per average traffic density and land-use category identified in the city of Pimpri-Chinchwad were sprayed. Dry samples were taken on day one from a 1 m2 area using a portable vacuum cleaner that was run for 8 to 10 min each. Similarly, samples were collected in the same area after 5-10 min after spraying with Calcium Chloride (CaCl ) and Magnesium Chloride (MgCl ). Also, the second set of 2 samples was collected after 24 h of chemical applied.
 Results: Maximum reduction in silt loading occurred i.e., 99.73% on the application of 30 g/m2 of CaCl . Reduction observed in emission factor of PM2.5 was 97.78% and in the case of PM10 it was 97.59%. While increase in average particle size was observed up to 27.88 µm.
 Conclusion: Both the suppressant efficient in suppressing the road dust but the day 1 result shows more dust suppression as compared to the day 2 dust suppression also as per the dust loading CaCl2 is a better dust suppressant than MgCl2.

Retention and Caries Development after Pit and Fissure Sealant Placement among 6-14 Years Old School Children from Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation - Cohort Study

Aim: To check for the retention of sealants and caries experience of the teeth after 9 months.
 Methods: An interventional study was planned for the children of Government school in Pimpri, Pune, aged 6-14 years, where a total of 290 occlusal surfaces of molar teeth were selected to place GIC pit and fissure sealant. The oral screening was done to rule out children with carious and unerupted or children who didn’t need any sealant placement. The remaining were selected for placement of pit and fissure sealant.
 Results: At the end of the 9th month, the total retention rate was 67.93%. There was also a slight increase in caries experience in 8 children with dislodged sealants but the extent was not severe.
 Discussion: The pit and fissure sealants procedure are one of the widely accepted preventive treatments since the 1970s. The effectiveness of pit and fissure is allied with how long the sealants stay over the tooth surfaces and the degree of their presence. The GIC sealants though having the advantage of fluoride release after placement also have the disadvantage of difficulty in handling limiting their adoption and use.
 Conclusion: At the follow-up visit in the 9th month it was seen that the retention rate of sealant was 67.93%. Sealants were dislodged from the pit and fissures but remnants of sealants were present on the tooth which could have provided protection to the tooth from caries due to the fluoride-releasing property of GIC.

The Supply Chain Management in Construction Material for Pimpri Chinchwad City Area Construction Activities

Abstract: Effective management on supply chain in construction material is crucial for country’s progress as it constitutes a significant aspect of the economy. The primary responsibility of supply chain management is to maintain discipline and excellent condition for construction material. Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a popular and often used technique, Pareto chart these two processes is very essential and effective that helps people answer the question of why the problem occurred in first place. The supply chain also represents the steps it takes to get the product or service from its original state to the customer on time-to-time basis. In the study that was carried out, it was found that the problems that these businesses face on day-to-day basis are related to Delay in delivery, loss of materials in storage/transportation, whose one of the root causes found to be the absence of Forecasting method, this study focuses on choosing the best suitable forecasting method that they can implement in their business activities for reducing the impact of particular problems.

Information consolidation and repackaging for augmented reality library service: a special reference to the Layar app

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to introduce the Layar augmented reality (AR) application among library users and to understand the user’s satisfaction towards the information services provided by the Layar application with the help of the structural equation model (SEM).Design/methodology/approachAccording to Thomas (2016), action research is mainly undertaken to develop new skills or new approaches and to solve issues and problems with direct application to any applied setting. The present study helps to develop new skills and approaches to repackaging information using AR applications. Researchers have identified the question of what could be done to increase the awareness of Layar AR applications among students. Because the Layar augmented application is one of the new tools for an academic library to repackage information for mass accessibility. Therefore, in the present action research approach, researchers encompass two activities action and research. Researchers have used participatory action research methods by collecting data from 17 MBA institute libraries affiliated with Savitribai Phule Pune University. Researchers have systematically used the Layar application in the library by obtaining permission from each higher authority. Researchers have designed a Layar satisfaction model using the SEM with AMOS and SPSS.FindingsThe researcher found that the relationship between experience, performance and service quality is positively significant. The user’s experience is satisfied with the Layar application, but users are not satisfied with the service quality and performance of the Layar application.Research limitations/implicationsThis study tested Layar AR application in MBA libraries affiliated with Savitribai Phule Pune University in the Pune and Pimpri Chinchwad areas.Practical implicationsThe Layar app helps the academic library to convert selected print collections into an AR feel for library users. This is an additional method of providing information services to users through mobile devices. A total of 157 students downloaded the Layar application from their handsets and provided feedback through a questionnaire. Researchers have found that the relationships between users and Layar experience, performance and service quality are positively significant. The user experience is satisfied with the Layar application, but users are not satisfied with the service quality and performance of the Layar application.Originality/valueThis study examined the performance, service quality and user experience of Layar applications. Structural equation and Modelling theories were used to examine the relationship between user satisfaction and information services using the Layar application.

Road traffic accident prediction for mixed traffic flow using artificial neural network

Transport scenariosin developingcountries arefundamentally different fromthose indevelopedcountries. The latterconsists primarilyof passenger cars and can beadequately describedas“homogeneous” traffic,butthe formerconsistsof vehicle types withdifferentstatic and dynamiccharacteristics thatoccupy the same right ofway. Vehiclemovementis asynchronous. Fewstudies have attempted tounderstand the characteristics of mixed traffic. Thisarticleexplores the sharing attributes and influencing causes of traffic accidents inamixed trafficarea. A predictability model isemployed todescribethe connection between highwaydisastersand appropriate constraints such astraffic capacity, road provisions,and atmosphereissues. In this paper,the comparison has been done between the Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) predictive models. The study has been conducted at Pimpri Chinchwad Muncipal Corporation (PCMC) region of Pune, Maharashtra, India. For this work, nine years data has been used ranging from the year 2011 to 2019. Results revels that, maximum numbers of accidents were occurred in clear weather condition. Distinctive accidents were occurred due to overloaded vehicle conditions. Also it has been found that the less number of female drivers are responsible for accident. Forecasting model using ANN presents outstanding precision. In this study, additional prominence has been givento the real constraints which are accountable for accident cause in heterogeneous traffic flow.

Estimation of the Prevalence of Uncorrected Refractive Error and Other Ocular Morbid Conditions in School Children of Industrial Area in a Non-metro City in India

PurposeThis study aims to estimate the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error and ocular morbid conditions in school-going children of the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) industrial belt.MethodsOcular examination was done in a well-equipped mobile clinic on school premises in the presence of a school teacher using visual acuity (VA) charts, autorefractometer, retinoscope, and handheld slit lamp. For the age group of 5-6 years, Lea symbols and HOTV charts were used, and for the age group of >7 years, Snellen’s chart was used. A detailed anterior segment examination was done to see lid position, the presence of any lid swelling, conjunctival congestion, conjunctival xerosis, corneal opacity, and lens opacity, and findings of previous eye surgery were noted. Spectacle correction was given to these students if they were found to have a significant refractive error.Children requiring intervention other than refractive correction were referred to a tertiary hospital.ResultsA total of 3,054 school children were examined. Most were between the age group of 11-15 years (2,448 (80.2%)), with a mean age of 12.45 ± 2.022 years; 1,470 (48.1%) were male children. A total of 368 (12.04%) children had uncorrected refractive error. Myopia was seen in 204 (6.68%) children, hypermetropia in 16 (0.52%) children, and astigmatism in 148 (4.85%) children. On classification, simple myopic astigmatism (SMA) was found in 73 (2.39%) children, compound myopic astigmatism (CMA) in 38 (1.24%) children, simple hypermetropic astigmatism (SHA) in 13 (0.34%) children, and compound hypermetropic astigmatism (CHA) in 16 (0.52%) children. Moreover, 121 children had ocular morbid conditions. Ocular morbidity with decreased vision was seen in 52 (1.7%) children with preexisting refractive error and 12 (0.39%) with amblyopia, and strabismus was seen in eight (0.26%) children. Five (0.16%) children had lens disorder, and five (0.16%) had no improvement with glasses despite normal anterior segment.ConclusionThere was a high prevalence of uncorrected refractive error. Early detection of uncorrected refractive error and ocular morbidity will improve overall performance in school-going children.

Secondary Data Analysis of Postmortem Records in PCMC Area to Understand the Burden of Myocardial Infarction

Background: There has been a global upsurge in the cases of non-communicable diseases, especially cardiovasculardiseases. Analysis of the leading causes of death in the community is very crucial in understanding and planningthe health care policies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the burden of myocardial infarction in PimpriChinchwad city with the help of the Postmortem examination record analysis.Methods: In this cross sectional study, the data related to 674 deaths in the period of 2019 to mid-2021 wasconsidered. The data was obtained from the postmortem examination records of the Postmortem Centre ofTalegaon Dabhade General Hospital. The obtained data was classified and analyzed with the help of descriptivestatistics in order to find the burden of the leading causes of death, especially of myocardial infarction.Conclusion: Myocardial Infarction was found to be the leading cause of death in the Pimpri Chinchwad arearanging to 33.38%. It was also seen that the deaths due to myocardial infarction was seen more in people of the agegroups 25 to 64 years. These can be prevented by changing lifestyle, diet and reducing risk factors like smoking,obesity and stress. The obtained result also indicates that there is a need for increased cardiac care facilities withmore cardiac ambulance and cardiac care centres in Pimpri Chinchwad city. The other leading causes of deathfound in the secondary analysis of the Postmortem records were death due to head injury (n= 142, 21.06%) andhaemorrhagic shock (n=70, 10.38%).

New trend in ICT and its impact on library services and functions: Regards with IoT

These days, emerging technology is all about tying everything together. That’s exactly what total experience seeks to do. It involves using technology to create an exceptional experience for library users to create high-quality experience. Technology is ever-changing and those wanting to remain at the helm of innovation must adapt. Users in the academic library are techno savvy and required quick and real-time services to deal with it swiftly. They require fast reply, notifications, remote services, smart storage for records etc. As tech trends such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robotic process automation (RPA) become more pervasive, the world will look to brands who can deliver with accuracy and real-time efficiency. Every function of library acquisition, circulation, cataloguing are affected and developed according to need of time and need of information. IoT is such smart technology that can be used effectively with internet, cloud computing and may provide number of facilities and services through small-small devices and apps. If library will become successful to implement technology in library routines and services library can become the IT hub of information and resource delivery services. To make aware the library personnel changing trends in technology and its disruptive tools.To check for the places in the library to implement technology to improve it’s services.To develop the management strategies according to technology change to provide modern library services.To provide library facilities and services based on recent technology for ease of techno savvy users.As new technology emerge out it directly and indirectly affects the library routine functions and services. Internet of thing (IoT) is such disruptive technology in the field of library management. By the observation of routines of various libraries in the Pimpri Chinchwad and Pune district.: This paper is only concern with the dat of librares in Pune district and about the IoT technology

Design and development of digital information product and service using colour QR codes for smartphone user's of academic libraries

PurposeThe objectives of the study include the following: (1) to design and develop digital information products by using Quick Response (QR) codes (2) to make an awareness of QR codes in library users; (3) to study user preferences for black and green QR codes in the library services of management institutes and (4) to raise awareness of the product layer among the library profession.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a participatory action research approach. The researcher implemented QR codes in the library, and participants scanned QR codes through their smartphones. All data analyses were performed using IBM SPSS and Microsoft Excel 2016.FindingsThe researcher found that both QR codes will be popular in the future; however, users will prefer to scan the green QR code multiple times due to the code's increased benefits and advantages (which have been discussed in this report).Research limitations/implicationsThis study implemented QR codes in MBA libraries affiliated with Savitribai Phule Pune University in the Pune and Pimpri Chinchwad areas.Originality/valueThe current study implemented a QR code in the library service with green and black colours. This study examined which QR code will be popular in the future owing to QR code's advanced features and specifications. This, in turn, will assist the library in designing such a collection and developing more QR codes that will be recommended to users. This will assist in the creation of good digital information products for smartphone users.

Planning Intervention for Development for Hinjewadi and Its Surrounding Area

Abstract: The IT industry was welcomed with open arms into the city as per the IT policy of the State government of Maharashtra. Pune is widely regarded as the second major "IT hub of India" and the top automobile and manufacturing hub of India. The main objective of this Thesis is to assess the extent of development at Hinjewadi and surrounding areas and accordingly propose planning interventions with respect to development of the area. Hinjewadi IT Park is proposed and developed by Hinjewadi MIDC. Existence of IT Park offers employment and development opportunities at city level and local level. But it also offers some challenges in development. Hinjewadi comes under PMRDA as it is not a part of Pune Municipal Corporation and Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation. Hinjewadi needs a special attention because of its IT hub. There are various authorities in Hinjewadi namely, Hinjewadi gram panchayat, Hinjewadi MIDC, Software Technology Parks of India, Hinjewadi Industries Association, IT employees and local residents of Hinjewadi. All of these authorities play an important role in development of Hinjawadi. These authorities are not interdependent on each other and are confined to their specific approach towards development. They lack in coordination and holistic approach of development. Major issue is faced by daily commuters from various parts of the cities. The IT Park is challenged by chaotic traffic, insufficient security arrangements. These various authorities need to be brought under one umbrella that will be a parent organization to develop holistic approach and better future development. The proposal would be to form an urban local body for Hinjewadi and surrounding area. The area will be delineated with possible development possible for Residential - Commercial development in the area. Keywords: Planning Intervention, Extent of development, daily commuters, holistic approach, IT Park.

Population-based repeat cross-sectional seroprevalence survey of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation Area, Maharashtra, India.

ABSTRACTContext:Population-based seroepidemiological studies are recommended to measure the extent of spread of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) infection in an area. The present seroprevalence survey was planned with the aim to estimate the cumulative burden of the COVID-19 disease in the Pimpri Chinchwad corporation area.Aims:To estimate the cumulative burden of the COVID-19 disease in the Pimpri Chinchwad corporation area.Settings and Design:The study was carried out in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) city area. It was a descriptive cross-sectional survey.Materials and Methods:A population-based seroprevalence study for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was carried out among 10082 residents in the age group of 6 years and above selected by cluster random sampling. Thirty-five clusters were in slums, 45 clusters in tenements and 120 clusters from housing societies. The fieldwork for the collection of samples was carried out from 16 June to 17 June 2021. For antibody testing, a kit from Abbott (SARS-CoV-2 IgG) was used which employs chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) technology.Statistical Analysis Used:Frequency analysis was done for sociodemographic variables, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19, age-stratified infection rate, risk factors and COVID symptomatic versus asymptomatic cases. Chi-square test of association was applied to test the association between seropositivity and sociodemographic and clinical profile of participants.Results:The overall seropositivity for IgG antibodies was 81.34%. Those living in the Gaothan area (tenements) had a positivity rate of 84.5%. The age group between 45 and 60 years had a seropositivity of 91%.Conclusions:The study indicates that a considerable proportion of the population had encountered the novel coronavirus approaching herd immunity.

Fungal Spore Diversity over Garbage Depot of Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, M.S., India

Aerobiology deals with the airborne particles of biological origin and their effect on living organisms. The atmosphere of the big city including Pimpri Chinchwad is dominated by biopollutants such as grain pollen, fungal grains and piles of dust particles. These days garbage disposal is a major problem in various cities. Many nearby villages are experiencing serious health problems due to elevated levels of aerobiopollutants. Air monitoring within garbage depot has been very rare. Therefore, it was felt that if a continuous survey of aerobiocomponents is conducted, it may be helpful in solving or suggesting a suitable solution. The present study deals with the assessment of aeromicrobiota over the garbage depot of Moshi, Pune for a year (Jan 2019 to Dec 2019). The study aimed to monitor the concentration of various biocomponents in the atmosphere over garbage depot. While scanning the prepared slides of the garbage depot for a year, fungal spores, pollen, hyphal fragments, insect parts, etc. were observed. However, during the present investigation, more emphasis has been given to the fungal components of airspora. The outcome of the present study would ultimately help allergy clinicians in the treatment of allergies and to the Municipal Corporation for designing the dumping site for garbage and developing better garbage disposal mechanisms ultimately bringing comfort to the population of the adjoining area.

Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship between Sars-Cov-2 Antibody Titres and Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Population above 6 Years of Age in the Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, Maharashtra

Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study of the Relationship between Sars-Cov-2 Antibody Titres and Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of Population above 6 Years of Age in the Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, Maharashtra

Doubling Time and Its Interpretation for COVID-19 Cases: A Comparative Study in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Background: COVID-19, also known as Novel Corona Virus, causes respiratory disorder in humans and has been declared as a global pandemic in the first quarter of the year 2020 by the World Health Organization. As this pandemic persists the second, third and fourth quarters had shown variation in COVID-19 cases. In the first quarter of the year 2021 again there seems to be a rise in cases of COVID-19. So, a comparative analysis from March 2020 – April 2021 of COVID-19 cases has been studied.
 Methodology: An exponential statistical model was used to calculate the predicted value of COVID-19 using doubling time for a short duration. The cases of COVID-19 were predicted from 10th April 2021 to 10th June 2021 using doubling time and exponential regression method.
 Results: The distribution of cases showed a curve-linear trend over the last one year. We explored various models like exponential, logarithmic (lo-linear), linear, quadratic, and generalized linear model (GLM) to fit into the observed distribution of cases. Since the distribution of cases was perfectly following a linear trend in each of the four segments, we applied a linear regression model to observed distribution and then predicted the anticipated no. of cases by extending this linear trend to a future period (120 day). With the help of the exponential statistical model, doubling time/rate based on prior 9 days, the predictions of up to 2.61 lakhs cases have been done by the end of June 2021.
 Conclusion: This study will be useful for the Government of India and Maharashtra state-specific to Pimpri- Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC), Administrative Units, Frontline health workforce, researchers, and scientists. From this study it has been evident that during the pre-lockdown period, in the initial stages there seems to be rise in cases. While, during lockdown period it was observed that there was relatively decrease in the number of cases. After the government authorities imposed the unlock strategies the cases began to rise as compared to the lockdown period. Thus, it appears that only essential services should be open for the citizens of India and the state lockdown should be carried on for the next 3 months (April 2021 - June 2021).

Evaluation of water treatment plant using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) case study of Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC)

Evaluation of water treatment plant using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) case study of Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC)

Examine the Underlying Causes of Flexible Pavement Deteriorations, Methods of Maintenance and Pavement Condition Rating

In India, the deterioration of asphalt pavement is a major issue in the road and highway sectors. It may occur due to a variety of factors such as premature aging, improper mix design, inadequate construction, and material quality, the improper structure design of pavement considering traffic, and a lack of preventive maintenance, among others. There are many types of distress in asphalt pavements known as disintegration (raveling, and potholes), fracture (spalling and cracking), and distortion (slippage deformation of permanent). This research aims to perform a physical survey for distress analysis and pavement condition rating using the IRC method. As a case study, four urban flexible pavement roads in the Pimpri Chinchwad Pune area were chosen. The roads are visually inspected to measure the severity to detect the types and extent of the distresses. Based on the severity of the distresses, the IRC method assigns a grade of 0 to 1.0 for poor condition roads, 1.1 to 2.0 for fair condition roads, and 2.1 to 3.0 for good condition roads. As per the pavement condition rating, two of the four urban roads were found to be in fair condition, while the other two were in poor condition. The cost-effective treatments were recommended from a variety of treatments such as slurry seal, fog seal, crack seal, micro-surfacing, thin cold or hot mix bituminous overlays, and surface dressing