Pillars Of Society Research Articles

Quantifying Western Discourses about Technology

In this article, we explore the social impact of technology in contemporary societies using a dataset of multilingual newspapers in English, French, Spanish, Italian, and German. Our observational time covers twenty years (1999-2018). We filter documents using four technological key terms: nuclear, oil, internet, and automation, that we consider as proxies reflecting Smil 2006 taxonomy of technology. Our methodology is formed by a five-step pipeline: Topic modelling (Pachinko Allocation), word embeddings, Ward’s hierarchical cluster analysis, network analysis, and sentiment analysis. We analyze information stability (which we define as low levels of semantic diversity in our data outcomes over time at the individual key term level) and information homogeneity (which we understand as low levels of semantic diversity in our data outcomes across our selection of key terms). We seek to observe to what extent our selection of key terms permeates into press discourses similarly or differently, and whether those discourses fall into semantic categories that could be considered as essential elements of the fabric of contemporary societies (such as finance, education, or politics). Results show, firstly, a consistent overlap of content across newspapers’ semantic fields that could be considered as pillars of society. Secondly, we notice a progressive simplification of information historically, reflecting less polarizing views across countries and, therefore, demonstrating an increasing agreement on technologically related discourses. We interpret these results as an indicator of the rising intrusion of technology in Western, industrialized countries.

استخدام العناصر الواقعية في هنرك ابسن بيت الدمى

Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) is considered Norway's most distinguished playwrights, besides being the father of modern drama. He started handling realistic themes around the last quarter of the nineteenth century after he had given up writing romantic plays. He turned to the problem play with The Pillars of Society (1877) and kept tackling realistic subject-matters especially in A Doll's House (1879), Ghosts (1881), An Enemy of the People (1882), and The Wild Duck (1884). In these particular plays, he relentlessly attacked the false values of society which made many people suffer. He used the prose dialogue in his realistic plays to replace the unrealistic elements of the previous romantic plays. In the realistic plays, Ibsen also subordinated action to thought since ideas are more important than action in this kind of drama. Thus, the action is more psychological than physical in A Doll's House, which is the central notion in this article. At the same time Ibsen's realistic plays came as a surprise to the people who were influenced by the existing conventions. It is no wonder that such plays were not appreciated by the censors and banned in some European countries, especially at the first time of their appearance. Ibsen surprised Europe when he volunteered to speak of subjects no other playwright dared to speak so openly and fearlessly. Thus Ibsen's Ghosts could not be staged in England until 1891, ten years after its introduction in Norway. It was J. T. Grein who helped to stage the English version of Ghosts in The Independent Theatre, a private theatre, in order to escape the censorship imposed on the public theatres. The play was already translated into English by William Archer. The subject-matter of Ghosts revolves on a hereditary issue when a son inherits a venereal disease from his father, and also on a conventional situation when a wife is forced to remain with an immoral husband whom she hates.

The education of aristocracy in Croatia and Slavonia in the 19th century

AbstractThe author analyses the education of aristocracy in Croatia and Slavonia from the late 18th century until 1918. Education played a vital role in the mindset and lifestyle of aristocracy, and in retaining its elite position in the political, social, cultural, economic and military aspect, to name just some. Aristocrats were trained to become the pillars of society, they had private tutors and teachers, and often finished the gymnasium but did not necessarily continue their schooling at a higher level. Reforms of enlightened absolutism, which opened career chances for lesser nobility and burghers and the rise of well-educated and economically successful modern middle class after 1848, forced the aristocracy to keep pace. However, it still preferred traditional studies of philosophy, law or, to a much lesser extent, theology and was losing its dominant role in the field of arts as well.

THE RELATIVE IMPACT OF CRIMES AT THE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVELS

The law in general seeks to protect the foundations or pillars of society that are deemed necessary by satisfying specific needs upon which the comprehensive edifice of society stands. Or for fear of being affected by a crime that entails the responsibility of the perpetrator and then the imposition of a penalty on him, and the methods of criminal protection vary according to the place and time and depending on the circumstances of society and the foundations and pillars on which it is built, and these foundations or pillars are considered by the legislator as (interests) suitable in his assessment to satisfy a specific human need such as Security, public office, public and private money, life and body safety. The crime, whatever it may be, is an aggression against an interest that is protected by law, and the national criminal law is responsible for defining the interests that are subject to criminal protection. The crime is established whenever a person assaults one of these interests, causing harm to it or exposing it to the danger of harming it.

A New Dimension of Health Sustainability Model after Pandemic Crisis Using Structural Equation Model

Since the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, it has been clear that the health dimension (HEDm) has a severe impact on sustainability, which was originally considered from the pillars of society, environment and economy. Hence, the integration of the health dimension into the other three pillars is plausible to define guidelines and criteria for progress monitoring and policy assessment towards a health-sustainable city. The objective of this study aims to present The Health Sustainability Model (HSM), a four-dimensional model for health sustainability (health, economy, environment, and society), using the Del-phi method to determine potential indicators agreed by eighteen experts, including physicians who deeply understand issues on health sustainability, and assess complex dimensions of health in the context of sustainability. The researchers have found that 45 indicators, later grouped into 15 elements and 4 dimensions, have a high level of agreement with Kendall’s W (KW) at 0.36. The HSM was then examined by the structural equation model (SEM) with reliability and validity shown as follows: the absolute fit with CMIN/DF = 1.44, RMSEA = 0.033, GFI = 0.96, AGFI = 0.94, RMR = 0.025, and the incremental fit with NFI = 0.94, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.97, and IFI = 0.98. Based on the results, the model is valid, in line with the empirical data. For further application, the HSM is expected to support city planners and decision makers by identifying room for improvement in each dimension through the indicators employed in the model. In contrast to existing studies that mainly use qualitative data, by conducting quantitative assessment, the model enables policy makers to objectively evaluate conditions and appropriately design policies to improve residents’ well-being.

Director perspectives to equity, access, and inclusion in the school jazz ensemble

Arts and culture are increasingly acknowledged as pillars of society in which all of humanity including people who identify as’ LGBTQIA+ can contribute in 21st century society. United Nations and individual country initiatives continue to promote the notion of inclusive, egalitarian values that promote equal access and opportunity to chosen careers and passions. Jazz as an artform has evolved as a form of cultural expression, entertainment, and political metaphor, subject to societal and populist pressures that have created both a canon and popularized history. Jazz education has moved from largely informal to almost wholly formal and institutionally designed methods of learning and teaching. The jazz ensemble or stage band remains an enduring secondary education experience for most students learning jazz today. This qualitative study of music directors investigates their approaches, perspectives and concerns regarding attitudes and practices in the teaching profession, the promoting of inclusive practices, access, and equity, amidst a pervasive masculinized performance and social structure that marginalizes non-male participation. The study provides implications for how jazz education may continue to evolve in both attitude and enlightened access in the education of jazz learners.

Tropes Revisited: Evert Sprinchorn'sIbsen's Kingdom: The Man and His Worksand Recent Historical Research in Ibsen Studies

Tropes Revisited: Evert Sprinchorn's<i>Ibsen's Kingdom: The Man and His Works</i>and Recent Historical Research in Ibsen Studies

Women and Leadership: Lessons from Some of the World’s Most Powerful Women (Julia Gillard and Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala)

Women are often described as the pillars of society and the pioneers in political, economic and cultural life. Therefore, it is important that women are given the platform and equal opportunities to be able to lead in the workplace, to participate in the economy and have a say when it comes to politics. However, the above is not always the case, as women in this day and age and across the world are still not treated equal to men. Some societies and industries appear to have a hard time accepting that a women’s role in society is changing. But many 21st century women have realised their full potential. Women are no longer just staying at home and raising children whilst looking after the household. Instead they are taking up space and cementing themselves in what is considered male dominated space, politics; both international and domestic. However, it is a bit hard for them to unleash their true potential because there are obstacles that are put in place to intentionally make it hard for women to excel. In response to this, Julia Gillard and Ngozi Okonjo-lweala saw a need to write a book on women and leadership.

Hedda Gabler

Hedda Gabler: A Woman's Will to Power Hedda Gabler (1890) is the eighth of Henrik Ibsen’s twelve social plays from The Pillars of Society (1877) to When We Dead Awaken (1899). Most critics and stage directors construe it as a play in the realist tradition and as a pièce bien faite. In this essay, I argue for a different kind of interpretation based on the important studies of the play by Else Høst, John Northam and Brian Johnston. Like Høst, I start with the protagonist’s (Hedda’s) comments about vine leaves in Ejlert Løvborg’s (her former suitor’s) hair. Through these comments, Hedda can be associated to the wineleaves of Emperor Julian in Ibsen’s Emperor and Galilean (1873), where the protagonists Julian and Maximos, a kind of mystic, discuss a utopian realm built on both the Dionysic Greek and the Christian mystical tradition. Hedda is a late follower of this mysticism. In this essay, I emphasize the existential aspect of Hedda’s searching for authentic values. I consider Hedda as an outsider, although she is involved in a fight for power, just as the other characters are. The other characters are described in detail and their actions are fully understandable, whereas Hedda’s character lacks determination. We do not know why she married Tesman. We do not know if she is pregnant. We do not know why she sets fire to Løvborg’s manuscript. Jealousy is too weak an explanation. Whereas the other characters search for the lukewarm indifference of everyday life, Hedda aims at the magnificent and the impossible. She represents the indeterminate aspect of the play, she is the character which does not fit into the realist structure, the character looking beyond and above the other characters, the character open to completely different interpretations, also on stage. Through her suicide she motivates the reader and the spectator to reflect on the metaphysical aspects of life.

Teaching Haiti: Strategies for Creating New Narratives ed. by Cécile Accilien and Valérie K. Orlando

Reviewed by: Teaching Haiti: Strategies for Creating New Narratives ed. by Cécile Accilien and Valérie K. Orlando Darlène Dubuisson Teaching Haiti: Strategies for Creating New Narratives. Edited by Cécile Accilien and Valérie K. Orlando. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2021. ISBN 1683402103. 270 pp. $95 hardcover, $28 paper. Teaching Haiti: Strategies for Creating New Narratives is not only a pedagogical toolkit for university instructors but also an interdisciplinary survey of Haitian culture, society, language, art, and artistic forms that reorients readers to new ways of appreciating “Haiti in relation with and to others—their histories and their cultures” (1). The edited volume, which finds its conceptual framing in Édouard Glissant’s notion of relation en tout-monde (“a world in motion” or global interconnectedness) and bell hooks’s engaged pedagogy (student-centered, interactive, and peer-based teaching and learning), models a fruitful and reciprocal relationship between scholarship and teaching. [End Page 124] The editors group the book chapters in three sections based on teaching subject areas: 1. Teaching about Haitian Art, Literature, and Language 2. Teaching about Haitian History and Politics 3. Teaching about Haiti in American Studies, Latin American Studies, and General Studies Contexts Following Gina Athena Ulysse’s 2015 call for new narratives of Haiti, Teaching Haiti is the first book about Haiti that focuses exclusively on pedagogy—the method and practice of teaching. The book grapples with how instructors can employ critical pedagogy to foster narratives of Haiti that combat the exclusionary epistemologies that operate within higher education institutions in the Global North. But more than providing strategies and resources (including sample lesson plans and syllabi) for furthering new narratives, Teaching Haiti is itself a compilation of such narratives. The book is a direct engagement with Haitian proverbs, particularly Ayiti se tè glise (“Haiti is a slippery land”) (1). This adage points to Haiti’s complexity but does not suggest Haiti is unknowable. Instead, it challenges surface-level approaches to Haiti and demands deeper, layered analyses that refuse to reduce Haiti/Haitians to fixed, rigid stereotypes. Each chapter, therefore, follows the format of narrative/counternarrative, speaking to and against stereotypical approaches to Haiti while drawing readers toward more profound and complete understandings. Section 1, “Teaching about Haitian Art, Literature, and Language,” draws on Haitian creative, artistic, and scholarly production to dismantle hegemonic discourses and deconstruct disciplinary boundaries. The section begins with Régine Michelle Jean-Charles’s engagement with and challenge to the notion of Haitian women as poto mitan—that is, pillars of society. Jean-Charles offers an intersectional (Black feminist) approach that asks students to engage and analyze the interplay between discourse and counterdiscourse through film and texts written by Haitian women, among others. In chapter 2, Bonnie Thomas refers to historical and textual analyses of Rodney Saint-Éloi’s writings to reframe salient literary themes of exile, diaspora, home, and belonging. The chapter proposes ways to lead students in understanding how Saint-Éloi’s work as an écrivan engagé (engaged writer) “offers new insights into issues affecting Haiti and the wider world” (45). In the following chapter, Joubert Satyre discusses how to introduce students to modern Haitian theater, situating two dramatic genres: historical drama and comedy of manners. The lessons [End Page 125] Satyre provides use contextualized readings of Franck Fouché’s Bouqui au Paradis (Bouqui in Paradise) to combat misconceptions of Haitian Vodou and folklore. In chapter 4, Cécile Accilien, one of the co-editors of the volume, examines the intersection of art and religion, highlighting modes of teaching Vodou iconography in Haitian contemporary art. Section 1 ends with Don Walicek’s chapter on teaching Kreyòl using interdisciplinary and decolonial methods. Walicek’s contribution, like the others in the section, challenges derisive ways of (mis)comprehending Haiti, or in the case of Walicek’s chapter, Kreyòl. Section 2, “Teaching about Haitian History and Politics,” directly confronts misguided and racist depictions of Haitian history and politics in North American and European media. The section opens with a historical analysis of Haiti-US relations during the presidencies of John Adams and his son John Quincy Adams. In this chapter, Darren Staloff and Alessandra Benedicty-Kokken center Haiti...

Axioms that Destroy the Law

The article deals with the decision of the European Court of Human Rights in the case about the legality of the refusal of Russian authorities to register marriage relations for three same-sex couples. In the first part, the author criticizes this decision, as he believes that the European Court of Justice (ECHR) bases its arguments and conclusions on a new axiomatics. The development of law, including in the direction of humanization, is a natural and even necessary process. But, in the author’s opinion, this process has limits, and to revise them is dangerous, first of all, for the law itself, because for the freedom of individual choice, some social institutions, which are the pillars of society, are sacrificed. Among the new axioms on which the ECHR bases its decisions, the author singles out the following: the state is obliged to ensure basic rights and freedoms concerning private and family life, without going into the moral context; the state’s appeal to moral imperatives in the sphere of private and family life is discrimination; there are virtually no borders between the concepts of personal (private) life and family life; finally, the person has the right to any choice, because he is the owner (the complete and exclusive owner) of his body. The second part of the article attempts to justify the criticism of the ECHR decisions that protect the right to form legally significant same-sex unions. The author’s main point is that European law grew up on the basis of the Christian ethical system and the erosion of the moral imperatives inherent in this system serves the erosion and subsequent destruction of the law itself.

What are youth sports for? Youth sports parenting in working-class communities

ABSTRACT This paper explores youth sports parenting in the context of Norway, focusing on the orientations of parents living in predominantly working-class communities, specifically what they believe youth sports are for. Its particular focus is the ideas and resources that underpin the various positions parents in such communities take toward youth sports. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 19 parents of 13 and 14 year olds, we identify two orientations towards youth sports: the belonging orientation, in which youth sports are seen as a means of connecting to a community, and the structuring orientation, in which youth sports are primarily used for protection and to provide frames for children, particularly as a bulwark against excessive screen time and sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles. Despite their differences, both orientations may be seen as articulations of a shared parenting ethos of ‘fitting in’ instead of ‘standing out’, which is aimed at ensuring that children will become decent and able citizens with sound, respectable lifestyles. This parenting ethos differs from the investment and cultivational ethos that guides upper middle-class families’ parenting practices related to sports and other enrichment activities. However, fitting in does not preclude projects of distinction; for some community-oriented parents, engaging in youth sports allows them to stand out as pillars of society.

The Causes of the Lack of Independent Personality of Contemporary College Students and Its Educational Countermeasures

Only with independent personality can we have inner freedom, spiritual independence, our own judgment standard and rational judgment. Independent personality is a mature expression of a person. Independent personality is also an important manifestation of a country's civilization progress. Independent personality embodies the independence of personality and affects a person's thought and behavior. The lack of independent personality will lead to problems in college students' studies, life and emotion. Because the cultivation of independent personality of college students is very urgent, can be said to be urgent. In school education, social education, family education pay attention to the overall development of college students, in self-education pay attention to their own promotion, then it is possible to become a mature, stable, full of self-esteem, self-confidence, self-love and independent college students, can truly adult and become the pillars of society. Only with independent personality can we have inner freedom, spiritual independence, our own judgment standard and rational judgment. Independent personality is a mature expression of a person. Independent personality is also an important manifestation of a country's civilization progress. This paper discusses the reasons for the lack of independent personality of college students from four aspects: society, school, family and self, and puts forward some research countermeasures from these four aspects.

Ibsen’s The Pillars of Society: Female Protest against Patriarchy

This study explores social relationship between male and female in Henrik Ibsen’s play “The Pillars of Society”. The first part of the study analyzes a sexist society in which male characters subjugate females through their hegemonic power. The female characters appear meek, submissive and voiceless. The second part of this study examines the revolutionary role of the female characters who raise their voice against all-pervasive patriarchal power. They protest against male formulated institutions which have kept women voiceless and marginalized. Being dissatisfied with the defenders of patriarchal status quo, Ibsen’s female protagonists come to the fore to challenge prevailing social conviction about femininity and domesticity. They lead a crusade to establish their position and identity as human beings equal to men. In this play, the female characters Lona, Martha and Dina hold a revolutionary banner to protest against male domination of female. In their constant struggle, they win while the male characters become loser. This study analyses the voice of these leading female characters in the light of feminist theory proposed by scholars such as Kete Millett and Sylvia Walby.

Does Working Women’s Causes Innovation: An Untouched Reality?

Working women play a vital role in all fields of lifestyle and are the pillars of society. Women’s workforce is the key to economic boom, innovation, research and development, growth and prosperity in modern societies. Globally, governments spend billions of dollars to promote the workforce, to enhance their country’s economy and innovation. This research aims to contribute to the knowledge on innovation by working women globally and to investigate how working women affect the process of innovation, using the number of patents and trademarks as innovation indicators. The empirical study adopted a two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation and generalized method of moments (GMM) with and without robust standard errors. Panel data of 136 countries for the period 1996–2016 was used. The results of this study show that working women positively and statistically significantly explained the patent and trademark, which is a proxy for innovation with other control variables (per capita income, education, research and development, technology, article, industry, and foreign direct investment). Overall, the findings show that working women have a positive effect on innovation – they exert a positive and significant effect on patents and trademarks. The regression results based on GMM and system GMM (SGMM) show how working women influence trademarks and patents. Specifically, the GMM reveals that the regression coefficients of patent and trademark positively affect innovation, with all variables being positive at the 1% level, indicating that the current level of patent and trademark is positive. This implies that working women have favourable economic participation in innovation. This study contributes to the cross-over of knowledge on innovation and working women and reduces the existing scarcity of information on the subject.

Analyzing Reasons of Psychological Stress for Graduate Engineers in Jordan

The engineering branch in Jordan is one of the most desirable sectors be studied, for its importance in building society and its requirements. The main objective of this study was to determine the most important reasons for increasing psychological stress on engineering students. By knowing the causes, we can generalize the causes of the phenomenon, which enables us to avoid or reduce its occurrence, so that the psychological stress of engineering students do not develop and become within the psychological disease. No one wants to weaken the pillars of society; development of the psychological state negatively affects all members of society. This research carried out using the electronic questionnaire method and its results analyzed using SPSS program, this is to produce the percentages shown in the tables. One of the most important results we obtained from this research is that we have identified 83% of the main causes of psychological stress among engineering students. The reasons that we mentioned confined to the academic and the economic. This will facilitate in the future to find solutions to the problems of psychological stress for engineers and prevent the development of the psychological state to become disease with increasing pressure.

‘All Right, I Will Do as You Say’: Leadership and Followership in Ibsen’s Pillars of Society

The inverted relationship between leaders and followers is the product of the false consciousness that Henrik Ibsen presents in Pillars of Society. To the playwright, this relationship has been a disruptive phenomenon as it excludes, rather than includes those whose perceptions are different from the leader's personal view. The result is unprecedented levels of failure in security, economy and welfare policies. This failure, as I argue in this article is also blamed on the followers who seem not to know the role, they are to play towards the success of the political system they support. The few who understand the concept of followership see their efforts thwarted and frustrated by the leaders in place. Ibsen therefore questions the political environment, and presents the authorities in place and their followers as responsible for the poverty, injustice and exploitation in their society. By paying attention to what constitute the landmarks, stages or watersheds of nineteen century Norwegian and European politics, and by focusing on the question: ‘Who leads the work of government?' this article analyses Ibsen's characters (leaders) who use their power of appointment and election to maintain a broadened support, not by working under the advice of experts who have a better grasp of national agenda, but by turning to close friends and associates who sympathize with their own hopes and plans. The article therefore aims at carrying out a literary analysis of Pillars of Society as a strategic technique to de-centre the dominant rhetoric that ‘to lead, one must induce followers to permit him or her act for goals that represent his motives and motivations'.

From Brain Text to the Final Draft ：On Ibsen’s Ethical Choices in Pillars of Society

From Brain Text to the Final Draft ：On Ibsen’s Ethical Choices in Pillars of Society

Motherhood venerated in Zulu proverbs and folktales: The Africana- womanist approach

The unprecedented incidents of woman and child abuse in South Africa indicate that there is animosity directed towards women and children. Even though women are subjected to demeaning acts of violence, they, especially mothers, still play an important role in holding the social cosmos intact and alive. This article argues that in African societies, specifically in Zulu communities, mothers are the pillars of society and the protectors of their children. The aim of this article is to argue that some proverbs and folktales serve as catalysts in elevating the status of women in society. This research aims to prove that some proverbs and folktales depict women as revered beings because they do whatever it takes to protect their children and the ones they hold dear to their hearts. The analysis of the argument is based on the Africana womanism theoretical framework as conceptualised by Hudson-Weems and which infuses African ideologies.

Global Scenario on Sustainable Coconut Development

Coconut is a crop of the tropics and is grown in over 90 countries across the globe. It is called the Tree of life or Kalpavriksha owing to the multifaceted uses of coconut. It is a crop that provides food, edible oil, beverage, milk, sugar, fibre, fuel, wood etc. The various products from coconut have their applications in different sectors like edible oils, health and beauty care, functional food, industrial purifier, oleochemical industry etc. Coconut is crop that is most suited for sustainable agriculture supporting the three pillars of society, economy and the environment. It allows for a wide range of crops as inter crops or mixed crops thereby increasing the land utilization, but at the same time allowing for maintenance of soil fertility, improvement of soil texture, water conservation and remunerative prices top the small farmers. The market demand for the various processed products from coconut is increasing every day, with more and more clinical trials conclusively proving the anecdotal evidences on the nutritional and health benefits of coconut and its products.