Pigment Wastewater Research Articles

The multipurpose utilization of inorganic materials in adsorption treatment of wastewater and core-modification of color index pigment red 57:1

Purpose This study aims to realize the multipurpose use of inorganic materials in adsorption treatment of pigment wastewater and preparation of core-modified Color Index Pigment Red 57:1 (C.I. Pigment Red 57:1, PR 57:1). Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the inorganic materials (sepiolite and SiO2·nH2O) were used in both PR 57:1 production wastewater treatment and its core-modification. The inorganic material firstly adsorbed 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (bon acid) in the pigment wastewater to reduce chemical oxygen demand. Then, the inorganic material adsorbed with bon acid was reused to prepare core-modified PR 57:1. Findings In the pigment wastewater adsorption experiment, it was found that under pH = 3, the adsorption percentage of bon acid by inorganic material can reached up to 46.00%. The pigment characterization results showed that the core-modified PR 57:1 had a core-shell structure. Under UV light irradiation for 1 h, the core-modified PR 57:1 prepared with sepiolite and SiO2·nH2O showed total color difference ΔE value of 1.43 and 2.05, respectively, which was lower than that of unmodified PR 57:1 (ΔE = 2.89). In addition, the transmittance of pigment water suspension test results showed that the core-modified PR 57:1 showed better water dispersibility. Originality/value This paper attempts to develop a synergistic strategy based on the multipurpose use of inorganic materials in adsorption treatment of pigment wastewater and preparation of core-modified PR 57:1.

Application of biochar activated persulfate in the treatment of typical azo pigment wastewater

With the increase of the azo pigment wastewater, it is necessary to seek an efficient and sustainable treatment method to address issues of damaging water ecosystems and human health. In this work, organic representing azo dye Acid Orange 7 (AO7), heavy metal representing hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), and inorganic representing ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) were selected to roughly simulate the azo pigment wastewater. The simultaneous decontamination of multi-target pollutants by 700 °C pyrolyzed peanut shell biochar (BC) with persulfate (PDS) was evaluated. The results showed that AO7, Cr(VI) and NH4+-N could finally reach 100%, 85% and 30% removal ratios separately in the BC/PDS/mixed pollutants system under certain basic conditions. Functional groups (hydroxyl groups (C–OH) and carboxylic ester/lactone groups (O–C=O)) were found by XPS as competing sites for adsorption and activation and were gradually consumed as the reaction proceeded. Combining a series of experiments results and EPR analysis, it was found that AO7 removal worked best and it relied on both the radical pathway (including SO4•−, •OH, O2−•, but not 1O2) and adsorption. Cr(VI) was mainly adsorbed and reduced by BC surface to form Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3, and the remaining part could be reduced by O2−•, followed by •OH. NH4+-N was removed primarily by the radical same as AO7. Meanwhile, the three target pollutants have a co-competitive mechanism. Specifically, they competed for radicals and adsorption sites simultaneously, while the presence of AO7 and NH4+-N would consume the generated oxidizing radicals and further promote the removal of Cr(VI). The fixed-bed reactor simulated the continuous treatment of wastewater. Various anions (chloride (Cl−), nitrate (NO3−), carbonate (CO32−), and hydrogen phosphate (HPO42−)) interfered differently with the pollutant removal. These findings demonstrate a new dimension of BC potential for decontamination of azo pigment wastewater.

ADSORPTION AND PHOTODEGRADATION PROPERTIES OF TiO2-DOPED METHYLENE BLUE MOLECULAR IMPRINTED POLYMERS

In this paper, titanium dioxide methylene blue molecularly imprinted polymer (TiO2-MB-MIP) was prepared by using MB-MIP as supported carrier. Through the study of its adsorption performance and photodegradability, it was found that the prepared TiO2-MB-MIP has both the adsorption capacity and the photodegradation capacity on MB. The static adsorption experiment shows that its adsorption and photodegradation capacity can reach 1202.1[Formula: see text]mg[Formula: see text]⋅[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] when the original concentration of MB is 5.0[Formula: see text]mg[Formula: see text]⋅[Formula: see text]mL[Formula: see text]. In addition, the degradation ability of the material in MB aqueous solutions was studied under varying light conditions. By analyzing the nitrogen and carbon content in the adsorbed solutions, the degradation process was found that the carbon and heteroatoms nitrogen in MB can be degraded to CO2, and NH[Formula: see text] or NO[Formula: see text], respectively. The adsorption isotherm thermodynamics and kinetics model study found that the adsorption process conforms to the Langmuir isotherm equation and the quasi-secondary kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption is basically monolayer adsorption and the adsorption process is the chemical rate control step. The TiO2-MB-MIP can be used to protect our environment by treating pigment wastewater efficiently.

Separation of ions with equivalent and similar molecular weights by nanofiltration: Sodium chloride and sodium acetate as an example

Wastewater containing equivalent and similar molecular weights (similar ions) generated from the production process have great recovery value. But effective separation is tough because of their similarities in chemical and physical properties. This work aims at comparing the potential for the separation of sodium acetate (NaAc) and sodium chloride (NaCl), which typically exists in pigment wastewater, through nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) process. The effects of operational conditions such as pH, pressure, temperature, and feed concentration on the rejection of solutes for five commercial membranes were investigated. The DL membrane exhibited a higher separation factor than other NF and RO membranes. Under the optimum condition at 10 bar, pH = 10, and 25 °C, the DL membrane showed the best performance with the acetate rejection as high as 87.14% and the chloride rejection at only 0.98%. Other than common steric hindrance and Donnan exclusion, a synergic mechanism involving dehydration phenomenon and the apparent activation energy was proposed to explain the separation behavior of the similar ions. This work may provide new strategies to recycle valuable resources from wastewater or other complex mediums.

Perylene pigment wastewater treatment by fenton-enhanced biological process

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are regarded as priority pollutants owing to their toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic characteristics. Perylene is a kind of 5-ring PAH with biological toxicity, and classified as a class III carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO). Nowadays, some of its derivatives are often used as industrial pigments. Hence, urgent attention is highly needed to develop new and improved techniques for PAHs and their derivatives removal from the environment. In this study, Fenton oxidation process was hybridized with the biological (anaerobic and aerobic) treatments for the removal of perylene pigment from wastewater. The experiments were carried out by setting Fenton treatment system before and between the biological treatments. The biological results showed that COD removal efficiency reached 60% during 24 h HRT with an effluent COD concentration of 1567.78 mg/L. After the HRT increased to 48 h, the COD removal efficiency was slightly increased (67.9%). However, after combining Fenton treatment with biological treatment (Anaerobic-Fenton-Aerobic), the results revealed over 85% COD removal efficiency and the effluent concentration less than 600 mg/L which was selected as the better treatment configuration for the biological and chemical combined system. The microbial community analysis of activated sludge was carried out with high-throughput Illumina sequencing platform and results showed that Pseudomonas, Citrobacter and Methylocapsa were found to be the dominant genera detected in aerobic and anaerobic reactors. These dominant bacteria depicted that the community composition of the reactors for treating perylene pigments wastewater were similar to that of the soil contaminated by PAHs and the activated sludge from treating PAHs wastewater. Economic analysis results revealed that the reagent cost was relatively cheap, amounting to 10.64 yuan per kilogram COD. This study vividly demonstrated that combining Fenton treatment with biological treatment was efficient and cost-effective.

Characterization of cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus sp. 2) blue protein: a pH-stable pigment.

Pigments are present in a broad variety of terrestrial and aquatic organisms. The cannonball jellyfish (Stomolophus sp. 2) is an important fishery resource in the northwest of Mexico and is processed to be traded and consumed as seafood. During the process, water with a soluble blue pigment and other compounds are discarded to the environment. In this work, we present some properties of the blue pigment from Stomolophus sp.2 (S2bp), to decide if it could be considered as a potential value-added waste and avoid the blue proteinaceous pigment wastewater. S2bp was purified to homogeneity and had a molecular mass of 28.0kDa; this protein exhibited a ʎmax at 650nm, contained Zn2+ and Cu2+ metal ions, and was stable from 10 to 50°C and in a pH range of 3.0 to 13.0 for 1h. It had halotolerant characteristics maintaining the blue coloration in a broad range of ionic strength (0-4M NaCl) and showed changes in ʎmax with chaotropic salts. In addition, S2bp was stable in the presence of organic acids and EDTA and in zwitterionic, anionic, and nonionic detergents at critical micellar concentration. However, oxidant reagents like NaClO and H2O2 decrease the coloration. These results show that the jellyfish pigment is a stable protein which makes it an alternative pigment for the food industry.

Amphibian-inspired amino acid ionic liquid functionalized nanofiltration membranes with high water permeability and ion selectivity for pigment wastewater treatment

Inspired by the amphibian skin of Bombina orientalis, which is a kind of ancient toad species, amino acid ionic liquid (AAIL) is employed to functionalize interfacial polymerized nanofiltration membrane. AAIL offers the membranes with (1) higher hydrophilicity leading to pure water permeability of 12.2 L·h−1·m−2·bar−1, which is 63% higher than conventional NF membranes; (2) more negatively charged surface and slightly larger pore size, which results in a high Na2SO4/NaCl selectivity of 973.9, which is 43 times increased from conventional NF membrane and effective for resource recovery from pigment wastewater. Furthermore, the amino acid end groups (glycine) of AAIL, similar to the epidermal secretion of Bombina orientalis, act as humectant that prevents pore shrinkage during heat-treatment, which is important for membrane storage and transport. The AAIL functionalized membrane may provide an effective strategy to design high performance nanofiltration membranes for small molecular separations in pigment and other industries.

Chemical Waste and Allied Products

This review of literature published in 2017 focuses on waste related to chemical and allied products. The topics cover waste management, aerobic treatment, anaerobic treatment, pharmaceutical wastewater, dye wastewater, agricultural wastewater, detergent wastewater, cosmetic wastewater, pigment wastewater.

Nitrogen removal characteristics of pigment wastewater using PAC-A/O process

Nitrogen removal characteristics of pigment wastewater using PAC-A/O process

IFAS工艺在颜料化工污水处理厂改造中的应用

IFAS工艺在颜料化工污水处理厂改造中的应用

Acute toxicity reduction and toxicity identification in pigment-contaminated wastewater during anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A/A/O) treatment process

In China, a considerable part of industrial wastewater effluents are discharged into the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) after pretreatment in their own wastewater treatment plants. Even though the industrial effluents meet the professional emission standards, many micro-pollutants still remained, and they could be resistant in the municipal WWTPs with conventional activated sludge process. Pigment wastewater was chosen in this study, and the acute toxicity reduction and identification of the pigment-contaminated wastewater treated by the conventional anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A/A/O) process were evaluated. Results indicated that the raw pigment-contaminated wastewater was acutely toxic to Photobacterium phosphoreum (P. phosphoreum), Daphnia magna (D. magna) and Danio rerio (D. rerio). The acute toxicity was decreased in some degree after A/A/O treatment, but the final effluent still exhibited acute toxicity to D. magna and D. rerio with the toxic units (TU) of 1.1 and 2.0, respectively. Chemical analyses showed the presence of various refractory and toxic nitrogen-containing polycyclic and heterocyclic compounds in the pigment-contaminated wastewater. Toxicity identification by combining chemical analyses and correlation analysis showed that N-containing refractory organic toxicants were the main toxicity source for the pigment-contaminated wastewater, and several toxicants showed significant correlation with P. phosphoreum and D. magna. This study indicated that the A/A/O process was not efficient for pigment-contaminated wastewater treatment, and it was irradiative for technology improvement in the WWTPs receiving pretreated industrial wastewater effluents.

Combination of Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) and Dissolved Ozone Flotation-Pressurized Ozone Oxidation (DOF-PO2) Processes for Treatment of Pigment Processing Wastewater

This study investigates the treatment of pigment wastewater using a sequential batch reactor (SBR) followed by dissolved ozone flotation-pressurized ozone oxidation treatement (DOF-PO 2 ). The process efficiency has been evaluated at the lab scale on the basis of water quality parameters. In addition, the effect of pure oxygen and air was investigated on the removal of COD, BOD, and TN in the SBR process. It was observed that under comparable conditions the removal efficiencies of these water quality parameters using pure oxy - gen and air were similar. The effect of the recycle rate was also investigated for its impact on the water quality parameters using different ozone dissolving pressures in a DOF process in order to optimise conditions. The results conclude that the use of an SBR and ozone contact by DOF-PO2 is a highly effective treatment for pigment wastewater and aids in the achievement of effluent discharge criteria.

Electrochemical oxidation in pigment wastewater treatment using a Ti/IrO2 tube-type electrode

The objectives of this study are to investigate characteristics of electrochemical oxidation of wastewater depending on electrode materials and to analyze the influence of the chloride ion as an electrolyte on electrochemical oxidation of pigment wastewater using a Ti/IrO 2 tube-type electrode. The Ti/IrO 2 electrode was adopted as the most proper material in the comparative analysis under COD removal efficiency and current efficiency. The current efficiency for each electrode material was decreased in the order of Ti/IrO 2 16.5%, Ti/Pt 14.0%, and graphite 3.4%. Two kinds of electrolytes of NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 revealed different levels of electrochemical oxidation under the same conductivity conditions. Specific energy consumption was reduced by adding a chloride ion in the electrochemical oxidation treatment. The chlorite ion (ClO 2 - ) and free chlorine were produced in the Ti/IrO 2 tube-type electrochemical oxidation systems. The production amount of chlorite ion was larger than double that of free chlorine production. The indirect oxidation process by the intermediate product was concluded to be the major principle for COD removal.

Fenton oxidation process control using oxidation-reduction potential measurement for pigment wastewater treatment

The Fenton oxidation process was applied as a pretreatment process to degrade non-biodegradable organic matters in pigment wastewater. It was necessary to continuously measure the fluctuating concentration of organics in the pigment wastewater and to determine the amount of Fenton’s reagent required to oxidize the organics. Batch and continuous flow tests were used to evaluate the relationship between the concentration of organics (CODCr) and the amount of Fenton’s reagent required to achieve a sufficient oxidation of the organics. On-line measurements of the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) value in the batch and continuous flow tests showed that the maximum ORP values were highly related to the organic concentrations (expressed as CODCr) and the Fenton’s reagent dosage (expressed as H2O2 concentration). The empirical equation was [CODCr]=8808+0.494[H2O2]-14.6ORP. A control program of Fenton’s reagent dosage based on the empirical equation was applied to control of a pilot scale Fenton oxidation process using ORP measurement. The concentration of organics predicted with the control program well agreed with the observed concentration of organics in the pigment wastewater. The variation of the effluent organics concentration of the controlled Fenton oxidation process was significantly reduced compared to that of a process without the control system. These results suggested that the control system of Fenton’s reagent dosage using ORP measurement would be applicable to the Fenton oxidation process for efficient pretreatment of pigment wastewater.

Removal of refractory organics and color in pigment wastewater with Fenton oxidation

This study was designed to evaluate (1) the removal of the non-biodegradable organics and color by Fenton's oxidation (2) the feasibility of Fenton's oxidation as a pretreatment or tertiary treatment following the activated sludge process in the pigment wastewater. The study was divided into two parts. The first part consisted of investigations on raw Yellow wastewater and Red wastewater, the second part was carried out on the final effluent from the existing extended aeration treatment plant. The batch test was conducted to determine the optimum conditions for plant operation such as pH, H2O2 dosage, molar ratio of Fe2+/H2O2 and contact time. It was found that the removal efficiencies of COD were 54.2%, 52.6% and 58.9%, the removal efficiencies of the color were 91.2%, 18.1% and 45.7%, for Red, Yellow Wastewater and Final Effluent, respectively. In the Yellow wastewater, BOD5COD ratio was not changed much after Fenton's oxidation, but in the case of the Red wastewater, BOD5COD ratio was increased from 0.04 to 0.36. Therefore Fenton's oxidation process is a very effective means for a pretreatment or tertiary treatment in the Pigment wastewater.

Removal of refractory organics and color in pigment wastewater with Fenton oxidation

This study was designed to evaluate (1) the removal of the non-biodegradable organics and color by Fenton's oxidation (2) the feasibility of Fenton's oxidation as a pretreatment or tertiary treatment following the activated sludge process in the pigment wastewater. The study was divided into two parts. The first part consisted of investigations on raw Yellow wastewater and Red wastewater, the second part was carried out on the final effluent from the existing extended aeration treatment plant. The batch test was conducted to determine the optimum conditions for plant operation such as pH, H2O2 dosage, molar ratio of Fe2+H2O2 and contact time. It was found that the removal efficiencies of COD were 54.2%, 52.6% and 58.9%, the removal efficiencies of the color were 91.2%, 18.1% and 45.7%, for Red, Yellow Wastewater and Final Effluent, respectively. In the Yellow wastewater, BOD5/COD ratio was not changed much after Fenton's oxidation, but in the case of the Red wastewater, BOD5/COD ratio was increased from 0.04 to 0.36. Therefore Fenton's oxidation process is a very effective means for a pretreatment or tertiary treatment in the Pigment wastewater.