Piggery Industry Research Articles

Profitability and market analysis of the piggery industry in the Prestea/Huni-Valley Municipality of Western Region, Ghana

Profitability and market analysis of the piggery industry in the Prestea/Huni-Valley Municipality of Western Region, Ghana

Profitability and market analysis of the piggery industry in the Prestea/Huni-Valley Municipality of Western Region, Ghana

Profitability and market analysis of the piggery industry in the Prestea/Huni-Valley Municipality of Western Region, Ghana

Job Motivation and Satisfaction Among Piggery Farm Employees in Niger Delta Area Nigeria

The research assessed empirically the economic appraisal of job motivation and satisfaction among piggery employees. Multi-stage technique of sampling was employed. Structured questionnaires were employed in data collection, and data were analyzed employing descriptive statistics and probit regression model. Productive age of 48 years that were mostly married male with secondary level of education engaged in piggery farming. Moderate family size of 9 persons and a staff strength of 15 persons involved in piggery production. The probit regression results confirmed that wages and salaries were a major determinant to job satisfaction as it was positively statistically significant while advance payment was not a major determinant as advance payment was negatively statistically significant. High wages/salaries was most motivational factor of job satisfaction. The study exposed that job satisfaction resulted to increase in farm revenue and profit. The study suggests that motivational policy of high wages/salaries proportion to work executed and other motivational variables should be enacted in the piggery industry to increase revenue and profit. Keywords: Employees, Farm, Job, Motivation, Piggery, Satisfaction.

Development of a rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for visual detection of porcine parvovirus (PPV) and its application.

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection is one of the most important causes of reproductive failure in pigs impacting the piggery industry globally with huge economic losses. A cost-effective, simple, rapid, specific, and sensitive method is critical for monitoring PPV infection on pig farms. The main aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for rapid visual detection of porcine parvovirus (PPV) in pigs. A set of six LAMP primers including two outer primers, two inner primers, and two loop primers were designed utilizing the conserved region of capsid protein VP2 gene sequences of PPV and was applied for detection of PPV from porcine samples. Time and temperature conditions for amplification of PPV genes were optimized to be 30min at 63°C. The developed assay was ten-fold more sensitive than conventional PCR with analytical sensitivity of 20pg and 200pg, respectively. This is the first report of detection of PPV by LAMP assay from India. The assay did not cross-react with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), or classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The LAMP assay was assembled into a LAMP assay kit of 20 reactions and was validated in different laboratories in India. The newly developed LAMP assay was proved to be a specific, sensitive, rapid, and simple method for visual detection of PPV which does not require even costly equipments for performing the test. It complements and extends previous methods for PPV detection and provides an alternative approach for detection of PPV.

Porcine Circovirus: Historical Outlooks and Non-Porcine Victims

Porcine circovirus is an important viral species in the genus circovirus. It causes an immerse economic losses in the piggery industry. According to the retrospective studies, PCV2 has circulated before its acclaimed detection from samples taken as of the first outbreak in Canada. A bit far on in time, it has been reported in Europe, United States and Asian countries. The disease is endemic in most pig producing countries. Since then phylogeny studies supported for the immergence of various new Porcine circoviruses variants and genotypes. In addition to its natural reservoirs (wild and feral pigs), it also inhibits calves, goats, canines and mice. Some insects like mosquitoes are also the potential carrier of PCV2 even let it for cross species transmission. Hence those proper prevention measures of the mechanical carrier vectors of the disease should be noted together with the need of efficient vaccine against the pathogenic porcine circoviruses types.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of Salmonella species associated with piglet diarrhea in North East India.

Salmonellosis is a public health concern worldwide and also causes huge losses to the piggery industry. A total of 457 fecal samples were collected from organized and unorganized farms including indigenous and crossbreed piglets of North East India. Salmonella isolates were serotyped, screened for their virulence genes, characterized for drug resistance pattern and representative isolates were cloned and sequenced for their partial length enterotoxin (stn) gene. A total of 8.31% Salmonella were identified with higher prevalence observed in unorganized compared to organized farms and higher detection level in cross breed compared to indigenous piglets. Salmonella typhimurium (65.78%) was found to be the predominant serovar and irrespective of serovars high number of isolates (68.4%) harboured enterotoxin gene. The isolates were multidrug resistant showing highest resistance against cefalexin (77.31%). Sequence analysis of stn gene showed two isolates having diverse sequence compared to other isolates. Our study revealed the significance of Salmonella as important pathogen with zoonotic potential between porcine and human populations. This is probably the first systematic study of Salmonella species associated with piglet diarrhea in India.

Sequencing and comparative analysis of three Chlorella genomes provide insights into strain-specific adaptation to wastewater

Microalgal Chlorella has been demonstrated to process wastewater efficiently from piggery industry, yet optimization through genetic engineering of such a bio-treatment is currently challenging, largely due to the limited data and knowledge in genomics. In this study, we first investigated the differential growth rates among three wastewater-processing Chlorella strains: Chlorella sorokiniana BD09, Chlorella sorokiniana BD08 and Chlorella sp. Dachan, and the previously published Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 1602, showing us that BD09 maintains the best tolerance in synthetic wastewater. We then performed genome sequencing and analysis, resulting in a high-quality assembly for each genome with scaffold N50 > 2 Mb and genomic completeness ≥91%, as well as genome annotation with 9,668, 10,240, 9,821 high-confidence gene models predicted for BD09, BD08, and Dachan, respectively. Comparative genomics study unravels that metabolic pathways, which are involved in nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation, were enriched in the faster-growing strains. We found that gene structural variation and genomic rearrangement might contribute to differential capabilities in wastewater tolerance among the strains, as indicated by gene copy number variation, domain reshuffling of orthologs involved, as well as a ~1 Mb-length chromosomal inversion we observed in BD08 and Dachan. In addition, we speculated that an associated bacterium, Microbacterium chocolatum, which was identified within Dachan, play a possible role in synergizing nutrient removal. Our three newly sequenced Chlorella genomes provide a fundamental foundation to understand the molecular basis of abiotic stress tolerance in wastewater treatment, which is essential for future genetic engineering and strain improvement.

Strategic Management for Systems Archetypes in the Piggery Industry of Ghana—A Systems Thinking Perspective

Ghana is predominantly an agricultural country with a clear majority of its population depending partly or fully on agriculture for their livelihoods. Pork consumption in Ghana is on the increase and the livestock industry is a key sector of alternative agri-business for farmers looking for profitable business ventures and household income. The growth of Ghana’s domestic piggery industry has been impeded by several constraints such as inadequate information, lack of improved breeding stock, land limitations, rising feed cost and water availability. In this research, systems models provide an understanding of the interconnectedness and relationships present within the piggery industry of Ghana. The Industry’s problems were pooled together and key factors identified, whose behavior over time causes problems by developing various individual two-loop system archetypes coupled with a list of sustainable management strategies. Also, the individual variables affecting the industry were consolidated to obtain a causal loop structure and behavior-over-time graph of the piggery industry. The system archetype developed here is generic enough to explain any productivity decline and business rivalry behavior of any agribusiness industry. The proposed archetype can also help farm managers and producers to make various decisions. The system archetypes contribute effectively to understanding the root cause of challenges rather than providing quick fixes ‘now’ which gives rise to a much bigger problem to fix ‘later’. Application of CLDs models and system archetypes can help farmers and policy makers understand the behaviour of the entire complex piggery systems that will aid in more clarity and consistency in decisions and policy objectives. This will close the gap of inadequate information both to farmers and policy makers and governance. Through the archetypes and the CLDs, it has been identified that using a systemic approach in addressing the problems could lead to the provision of adequate data and management strategies for effective decision making for improving the piggery/livestock industry.

Innovative piggery waste resources reusing-direct land application

One of the main sources of water pollution in Taiwan is piggery waste. With the major pollutants such as odors, BOD, TN and TS, waste from the piggery industry has been seriously affecting the environment in Taiwan. However, if this amount of waste is properly treated, it will bring great benefits and can be considered as a resource. Generally, wastewater from the piggery industry is treated in three stages: liquid soil, anaerobic digestion and then aerobic treatment. However, this process is difficult due to high cost and difficult operation. Therefore, a feasible method was to establish a centralized methane production facility for the treatment of piggery industrial waste. The products after treated like methane and fertilize are utilized as clean and environmentally friendly products. Methane can be used for cooking or electricity generation. This is a new direction suitable for sustainable development.

Classical swine fever in India: current status and future perspective.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a globally significant disease of swine caused by classical swine fever virus. The virus affects the wild boars and pigs of all age groups, leading to acute, chronic, late-onset or in-apparent course of the disease. The disease causes great economic loss to the piggery industry due to mortality, stunted growth, poor reproductive performance, and by impeding the international trade of pig and pig products. In India, CSF outbreaks are reported from most of the states wherever pig rearing is practiced and more frequently from northeast states. In spite of the highly devastating nature and frequent outbreaks, CSF remained underestimated and neglected for decades in India. The country requires rapid and sensitive diagnostic tests for an early detection of infection to limit the spread of the disease. Also, effective prophylactics are required to help in control and eradication of the disease for the development of the piggery industry. This review looks into the economic impact; epidemiology of CSF highlighting the temporal and spatial occurrence of outbreaks in the last two decades, circulation, and emergence of the virus genotypes in and around the country; and the constraints in the disease control, with the aim to update the knowledge of current status of the disease in India. The article also emphasizes the importance of the disease and the need to develop rapid specific diagnostics and effective measures to eradicate the disease.

Study on accumulation of Fe, Pb, Zn, Ni and Cd in Nerita lineata and Thais bitubercularis from Tanjung Harapan and Teluk Kemang, Malaysia.

The presence of Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Al, Zn, Mn, Cr, and Sn were attributed to metal industries. Cu contamination was associated with piggery industry. Shipping activities contribute to elevated levels of Pb, Cu and As. Elevated levels of metals in the sediments are attributed to anthropogenic activities. Samples were collected in April 2012 and analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Fe is the most abundant metal in the tissue and shell compared to the rest of the metals. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soft tissues of Nerita lineata taken from Tanjung Harapan follow this order: Fe > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd while in Thais bitubercularis, the metal concentrations were higher following the order of Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cd. The samples taken from Teluk Kemang were higher and exhibited different trend for both organisms. Results from this study are useful for further exploration of Thais bitubercularis as accumulators of Cu, Cd, and Zn. For recommendation, more studies on monitoring the concentration level of heavy metals in marine environment should be done regularly and increase numbers of samples use to biomonitor the heavy metals in marine environment as it is important to have information or data regarding the quality of marine environment inorder to control pollution such as water pollution from being contaminated with heavy metals. This is essential as the pollutants emit in the marine environment may affect marine lives as well as human’s health.

A review of the environmental pollution originating from the piggery industry and of the available mitigation technologies: towards the simultaneous biofiltration of swine slurry and methane

In Canada, the piggery industry is an essential part of the agricultural sector, but the main waste product of this industry, swine slurry, is particularly harmful to the environment. The anaerobic storage conditions and the excessive use of slurry for agricultural fertilization contribute, respectively, to the emission of greenhouse gases and to aquatic pollution. This paper provides a review of these environmental concerns and of the existing mitigation technologies. Water pollution from swine slurry is associated with the nutrients it contains, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, while the main greenhouse gases produced by the piggery industry are methane and nitrous oxide. Available technologies can valorize the slurry through agricultural fertilization, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, by limiting nutrient availability for example, or treat the effluents using solid – liquid separation, flaring or biological processes. Specific attention is paid to biofiltration due to its potential to simultaneously treat these two types of pollution.

Simultaneous treatment of methane and swine slurry by biofiltration

AbstractBACKGROUND: The piggery industry is important both worldwide and in Canada, but localized production of large quantities of swine slurry causes severe environmental problems such as aquatic pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. The main objective of this study was to determine whether it is possible to simultaneously treat methane (CH4) and swine slurry using an inorganic biofilter.RESULTS: A novel biofilter was designed to overcome the inhibition of CH4 biodegradation by swine slurry. The CH4 elimination capacity increased with the inlet load and a maximum value of 18.8 ± 1.0 g m−3 h−1 was obtained at an inlet load of 46.7 ± 0.9 g m−3 h−1 and a CH4 concentration of 3.3 g m−3. Four pure strains of fungi were used in an attempt to improve the removal of CH4, but no significant effect was observed. Between 0.35 and 3.4 g m−3, the CH4 concentration had no effect on swine slurry treatment with removal efficiencies of 67 ± 10% for organic carbon and 70 ± 7% for ammonium. The influence of the slurry supply was analyzed and the best results were obtained with a supply method of six doses of 50 mL per day.CONCLUSION: Even though the results were lower than those obtained for the biofiltration of CH4 alone, this study demonstrated the feasibility of treating CH4 and swine slurry with the same biofilter using a novel design. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

The use of integrated constructed wetlands (ICW) for the treatment of separated swine wastewaters

The use of constructed wetlands for the treatment of wastewater is an approach that has received increasing attention over the last 30 years due to their innate ability to deal with a wide range of highly variable influent types. The treatment of swine wastewater is an on-going issue due to its generally higher nutrient concentrations and the limited land available to owners. The implementation of the European Union Nitrates Directive and Water Framework Directive is currently placing considerable pressure on agriculture in EU member states with its focus on the improvement and sustained quality of surface waters. The limit of 170 kg of organic nitrogen/ha/annum imposed by the Nitrates Directive can cause severe difficulties for wastewater management in the piggery industry in Ireland, where spreadlands are already receiving high application rates of organic N. A replicated mesocosm integrated constructed wetland (ICW) approach was examined for the effective treatment of anaerobically digested separated swine wastewater with emphasis on nutrient removal. These mesocosm systems are based on operations identified in the available literature as well as on the ICW Concept pioneered in Ireland. The removal efficiency yielded substantial results over an 18 month period and highlighted high mass removal of ammonia–nitrogen (98.1–99.9%) from the influent. The removal recorded in all operational replicates throughout the study period showed that wetlands based on the ICW concept may very well prove to be a viable and sustainable approach for the treatment of swine wastewaters in Ireland whilst successfully addressing both the Nitrates and Water Framework Directives.

Biofiltration of methane at low concentrations representative of the piggery industry—Influence of the methane and nitrogen concentrations

In Canada, the piggery industry is an essential part of the agricultural sector, but the anaerobic storage conditions of swine slurry lead to the emission of methane (CH 4), an important greenhouse gas. This study examined the influence of the CH 4 concentration and the nitrate-nitrogen concentration in the nutrient solution on the performance of a biofilter packed with an inorganic material treating low concentrations of CH 4, between 0.16 and 2.8 g m −3, representative of the piggery industry. A maximum elimination capacity of 14.5 ± 0.6 g m −3 h −1 was obtained for an inlet load of 38 ± 1 g m −3 h −1. The biofilter satisfied first order kinetics with a value of 7.5 h −1 for the first order constant. Nitrate concentrations from 0 to 0.5 gN L −1 were tested at an inlet load of 14 g m −3 h −1 and a nitrate concentration of 0.1 gN L −1 was sufficient for proper biofilter operation. When no inorganic nitrogen was provided in the nutrient solution, the removal efficiency remained at 18 ± 0.7% suggesting the presence of methanotrophs capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Carbon and nitrogen mass balances suggested that the carbon accumulated within the biofilter was probably used for the production of exopolymeric substances or intracellular compounds.

A review of the environmental pollution originating from the piggery industry and of the available mitigation technologies: towards the simultaneous biofiltration of swine slurry and methaneThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue on Biological Air Treatment.

In Canada, the piggery industry is an essential part of the agricultural sector, but the main waste product of this industry, swine slurry, is particularly harmful to the environment. The anaerobic storage conditions and the excessive use of slurry for agricultural fertilization contribute, respectively, to the emission of greenhouse gases and to aquatic pollution. This paper provides a review of these environmental concerns and of the existing mitigation technologies. Water pollution from swine slurry is associated with the nutrients it contains, such as nitrogen and phosphorous, while the main greenhouse gases produced by the piggery industry are methane and nitrous oxide. Available technologies can valorize the slurry through agricultural fertilization, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, by limiting nutrient availability for example, or treat the effluents using solid–liquid separation, flaring or biological processes. Specific attention is paid to biofiltration due to its potential to simultaneously treat these two types of pollution.

Treatment of piggery wastes in waste stabilization ponds

The piggery industry produces high effluent loads. This is due to the high concentration of animals kept in a confined space, foods with high protein content that are not well assimilated by the animals, and poor on-farm water management. In this study, we present the characteristics, design, site selection, soil study, and the construction of a pilot pond system for a family farm located in a warm climate area. The design includes a solids sedimentation phase, an anaerobic pond, a facultative pond and three maturation ponds. Once the system had reached steady state, the organic and bacterial kinetic constants were determined for each pond. The control parameters were determined and the dissolved oxygen and removal efficiency profiles were obtained. The results indicate that the effluent from the second maturation pond complies with the Official Mexican Standard for reuse in agriculture ("1000 FC/100 ml).