Pieris Brassicae Linnaeus Research Articles

The Isolation, Identification, and Insecticidal Activities of Indigenous Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae) and Their Symbiotic Bacteria (Xenorhabdus nematophila) against the Larvae of Pieris brassicae

The cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is an oligophagous and invasive insect pest of various economically important cole crops. Recently, there have been reports about an increase in the incidence and damaging activities of cabbage butterflies, signifying that the existing control methods fail to meet the grower’s expectations. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their endosymbiotic bacteria have immense potential for the control of a wide range of insect pests. In this investigation, the EPN species Steinernema carpocapsae and its associated bacterial species, Xenorhabdus nematophila, were isolated and identified through morphological and molecular techniques. The laboratory bioassay experiment was performed using S. carpocapsae and X. nematophila against the 3rd instar larvae of P. brassicae (25 ± 1 °C; RH = 60%). The efficacy of EPN suspension (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 IJs/mL) and bacterial suspension (1 × 104, 2 × 104, 3 × 104, 4 × 104, and 5 × 104 CFU/mL) via contact and oral routes showed significant mortality among the larvae. Surprisingly, 100% insect mortality within 48 h was recorded in the bacterial inoculum 5 × 104 CFU/mL. However, in the case of EPNs (S. carpocapsae), 150 IJs/mL caused the highest, 92%, larval mortality rate after 96 h. The results signify that both indigenous EPNs and their associated bacteria can provide efficient control against P. brassicae larvae and could effectively contribute to IPM programs. However, further analyses are required to authenticate their effectiveness in field conditions.

Prevalence and Impact of the Polyphagous Caterpillar of Cabbage White Butterfly (Pieris brassicae Linnaeus, 1758) On The Marrow Stem Kale (Brassica oleracea L. Var Virdis)

Kale is one of the important and chiefly consumed vegetable crops of Kashmir valley. The pest infestation on the Brassica oleracea L. var virdis (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) by the polyphagous caterpillar of Pieris brassicae Linnaeus, 1758 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) is presented in this study. The monitoring of pest infestation was assessed in the months from July-August 2021 from four different locations in the district Shopian, Kashmir, India. The present study thoroughly monitored the life stages of the polyphagous caterpillar of Pieris brassicae and its impact on the host plant. Among the larval stages of the pest, most damages was observed on the leaves by 2nd and 3rd instar larvae followed by the 4th and 5th instars respectively in non-insecticide treatment; with a higher rate of leaf damage (3.15 %) and larval incidence (1.13 %), while a lower rate of leaf damage (0.2 %) and larval incidence (0.04 %) was observed in insecticide control.

Infectivity of entomopathogenic nematode against the cabbage butterfly (Pieris brassicae L.) in polyhouse and in field condition

BackgroundCabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is a major insect pest affecting cole crops worldwide. Excessive applications of chemical-based insecticides have a devastating impression over the organisms and environment.ResultsIn this study, entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar strain EUPT-S26 (local isolate) was evaluated for Pieris brassicae control under polyhouse and field conditions. Under the polyhouse conditions, the highest insect mortality 91.6 and 94.0% was observed in the plots treated with the nematodes suspension 1500 IJs/ml and 2000 IJs/ml, respectively. Based on the highest cabbage plant protection under polyhouse conditions, H. bacteriophora EUPT-S26 was also applied for field assays in the course of the crop’s productive phase. Data demonstrated from the field treatments signify the highest concentration (2000 IJs/ml) showed the maximum larval mortality and least damage percentage 45 ± 1.07% that remained constant until harvesting; this resulted in the highest productivity in polyhouse and under field conditions.ConclusionAccording to assessed field conditions, it was suggested to perform 3 applications of EPNs during the vegetative phase and at the time of head formation to increase productivity and to reduce damage. The results approved that EPNs are an effective alternative of chemical-based insecticides to control the cabbage butterfly.

Bio-efficacy of microbial insecticides against cabbage butterfly, <i>Pieris brassicae</i> (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in NEH region of India

The field experiments were conducted to study the bio-efficacy of microbial insecticides against Pieris brassicae Linnaeus in cabbage crop var. “Green Hero” in NEH region of India. The pooled data of two years indicated that Metarhizium anisopliae @ 1500 g/ha proved the most effective treatment in reducing the incidence of P. brassicae with a minimum mean leaf damage of 49.93 per cent as against 67.57 per cent in untreated control followed by Beauveria bassiana 10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1 and M. anisopliae @ 1000 g ha-1 with a record of lower mean leaf damage of 51.68 and 51.85 per cent, respectively. The treatment M. anisopliae @ 1500 g ha-1 recorded maximum cabbage yield of 17.09 t ha-1, followed by B. bassiana 10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1 treated plots (15.19 t ha-1) and M. anisopliae @ 1000 g ha-1 (15.02 t ha-1). The minimum yield (12.84 t ha-1) was obtained from the plots treated with Dichlorvos 76 SL @ 500 ml with an increased yield of 3.09 t ha-1 over control, but, did not differ significantly from rest of the treatments. The extent of avoidable yield loss due to the incidence of P. brassicae was estimated to be 45.98 per cent in untreated control which was reduced to 9.41-28.86 per cent in treated plots. Minimum avoidable yield loss being recorded in B. bassiana 10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1 and maximum avoidable yield loss in Dichlorvos 76 SL @ 500 ml ha-1 treatments. The net profit of the treatments varied from Rs. 28,350.00 (Dichlorvos 76 SL @ 500 ml ha-1) to Rs. 77,150.00 (M. anisopliae @ 1500 gm ha-1) with the cost-benefit ratio of 1:11.12 to 1:13.19 in the treatments. Beauveria bassiana 10 SC @ 1000 ml ha-1 gave the highest benefit-cost ratio of 1:13.19, while the lowest was in Dichlorvos 76 SL @ 500 ml ha-1 with 1:11.12.

Comparative efficacy of synthetic pesticides with botanical extracts under field condition on cabbage white butterfly (Pieris brassicae Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is one of the important insect pests of cabbage crop which causes remarkable quantitative or qualitative crop losses. The effect of different new chemical insecticides and one botanical oil, neem seed oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) on the population density of P. brassicae was studied at Hazara Agricultural research station, Abbottabad(Pakistan). The study showed that neem oil had a significant effect on population of P. brassic in comparison to control treatment.So, neem oil alone or in combination with insecticides can be used for control of P. brassicae in vegetable crops for a safer food supply.

Comparative efficacy of synthetic pesticides with botanical extracts under field condition on cabbage white butterfly (Pieris brassicae Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Cabbage white butterfly, Pieris brassicae (L., 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), is one of the important insect pests of cabbage crop which causes remarkable quantitative or qualitative crop losses. The effect of different new chemical insecticides and one botanical oil, neem seed oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) on the population density of P. brassicae was studied at Hazara Agricultural research station, Abbottabad(Pakistan). The study showed that neem oil had a significant effect on population of P. brassic in comparison to control treatment.So, neem oil alone or in combination with insecticides can be used for control of P. brassicae in vegetable crops for a safer food supply.

Field Efficacy of Certain Microbial Insecticides against <I>Plutella xylostella</I> Linnaeus and <I>Pieris brassicae</I> Linnaeus under Cabbage-Crop-Ecosystem of Manipur

A field trial was experimented during Rabi, 2014-15 at the Vegetable Research Farm of College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal to evaluate certain microbial pesticides against the diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus and the cabbage butterfly, Pieris brassicae Linnaeus and their effect on the population of lady bird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus in cabbage -crop-ecosystem of Manipur. The results on the efficacy of insecticides against P. xylostella and P. brassicae revealed that all the insecticidal treatments resulted in significantly suppression of both the pests' incidence. However, bioasp ( Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki) @ 1000 g ha -1 was the most effective insecticide against P. xylostella with a record of minimum mean leaf damage of 13.32 per cent as against 69.18% in untreated control, closely followed by spinosad 2.5 SC applied @ 500 ml ha -1 (14.22% LD) which did not differ significantly from each other. Against P. brassicae spinosad 2.5 SC registered significantly the lowest mean leaf damage of 24.30 per cent as against 87.38% in untreated check, closely followed by myco-jaal 10 SC ( Beauveria bassiana ) with a record of 26.59 per cent leaf damage but, differed significantly between them. The highest mean leaf damage incidence (37.47% LD) was noticed in the plots treated with brigade (Vertcillium lecanii) applied @ 1250 g ha -1 . The results on toxic effect of insecticides on the population of C. septempunctata revealed that bioasp ( B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki) @ 1000 g ha -1 proved to be the safest insecticide with significantly highest population of 1.99/ 5 plants as against 3.04/5 plants recorded in untreated control, followed by myco-jaal 10 SC (B. bassiana) @ 500 ml ha -1 (1.61 beetles/ 5 plants) and spinosad 2.5 SC @ 500 ml ha -1 (1.51 beetles/ 5 plants) which did not differ significantly from each other. The lowest population C. septempunctata (0.55/plants) was observed in the malathion 50 EC @ 500 ml ha -1 treated plots. The highest mean cabbage yield (24.77 t ha -1 ) was harvested from the plots treated with spinosad 2.5 SC with the maximum yield increase over control of 9.37 t ha -1 which showed non significant difference with the plots of bioasp ( B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (23.70 t ha -1 ) with its yield increase over control of 8.30 t ha -1 , whereas verticel ( V. lecanii ) @ 1000 g ha -1 treated plots accrued significantly lowest cabbage yield of 19.27 t ha -1 with a record of lowest yield increase over control of 3.87 t ha -1 . The avoidable yield loss was computed to be 37.82 per cent in the untreated control plots. Application of insecticides resulted in reduction of the mean avoidable loss, which ranged between 4.32 and 22.21 per cent in different insecticidal treatments, the lowest being in bioasp ( B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki) and highest in verticel ( V. lecanii ). The net profit of the insecticidal treatments varied from Rs. 17860.60 (verticel) to Rs. 45621.60 (spinosad) with the cost : benefit ratios ranging between 1:11.99 and 1:43.09, the minimum and maximum being with verticel and myco-jaal 10 SC, respectively.

Development and food consumption of some lepidopteran pests under increased temperature conditions

Climate change has direct influence on the development and survival of herbivores in addition to indirect effects through trophic interactions. The present studies were carried out to observe the effect of increase in minimum temperature on development and food consumption of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, Pieris brassicae Linnaeus and Spodoptera litura Fabricius. The mean food consumptionincreased by 12.78 and 32.64 per cent with increase in minimum temperature of 30C and 60C, respectively accompanied by decrease in larval duration by 10.37 and 27.97 per cent. Similarly, observations on P. brassicae larvae at four temperature ranges indicated that the mean food consumption increased by 4.87 with rise in minimum temperature by 30C accompanied by faster development. Likewise, effect of temperature ranges viz. 21°C: 7°C and 21°C: 10°C for 16: 8 hrs on biology of S. litura was estimated. The observations revealed faster growth when the mean minimum temperature was raised from 7 to 10°C. The rise in minimum temperature by 3°C resulted in decrease in larval and pupal duration by 5.36 and 10.43 per cent, respectively. The survival per cent was also increased by 1.44 per cent when rise in minimum temperature by 3°C.

Chitinolytic activity in Serratia marcescens (strain SEN) and potency against different larval instars of Spodoptera litura with effect of sublethal doses on insect development

Chitinase-producing bacteria were isolated from diseased insect [Pieris brassicae Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] cadavers. Serratia marcescens strain SEN showed highest enzyme production at temperature 27 °C and pH 9.0 and was selected for further studies. It possessed exochitinase, endochitinase and chitobiosidase activities, of which endochitinase was found to be the predominant chitinase. Serratia marcescens strain SEN showed insecticidal activity against all the developmental stages of S. litura larvae. Ingestion of sublethal doses of S. marcescens strain SEN led to a decrease in the larval and pupal weight, percent normal pupation, adult emergence and a significant increase of the larval period. Effect on fecundity and egg hatchability were studied at LC20 and LC50 doses. Fecundity was significantly reduced at both doses tested, while egg hatchability was significantly affected only at the highest dose. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the potential of an entomopathogenic S. marcescens strain against different developmental stages of S. litura. The tested S. marcescens strain SEN showed promise as a biocontrol agent of S. litura.

1996年に青森県で新発生したオオモンシロチョウ (Pieris brassicae Linnaeus) の発生経過および越冬の可能性

1996年に青森県で新発生したオオモンシロチョウ (Pieris brassicae Linnaeus) の発生経過および越冬の可能性