Picture Signals Research Articles

Dual Stage Bionic Spatial Convolutional Restoration Model for Image De-noising and De-mosaicking

The first two important steps in the pipeline for processing picture signals are de-noising and de-mosaicking. The joint solution of the highly uncertain inverse problem of de-noising and de-mosaicking has garnered increased attention in research today. It is difficult to restore high-quality images from raw data in low light because of a variety of disturbances brought on by a low photon count and a complex image signal processing scheme. Even if some restoration and improvement techniques have been used, they might not work in harsh situations, including raw data imaging with brief exposure. Therefore, this research focuses on developing a de-mosaicking and de-noising model with effective end to end manner outcomes. Initially, the pre-processing is conducted using Gaussian filtering to eliminate artifacts from the input image, thereby enhancing the image quality. Then, the proposed method incorporates an Enhanced Spatial Convolutional Residual Net (EnConvResNet) for image de-mosaicking and an Adaptive U-net restoration model for image de-noising. An enhanced gazelle optimization (EnGa) algorithm is used to fine-tune the hyper-parameters of the model in order to maximize its performance and improve its generalization capacity. The proposed method accomplished peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) of 46.65 and 98.89, respectively.

Environment‐Adaptive Meta‐Channel

AbstractThe fundamental transmission channels of smart wearable devices and systems should support function reconfiguration and environment cognition or self‐adaption. Here, a environment‐adaptive meta‐channel (EAMC) is proposed that is adaptive to the near‐field environment. Benefiting from the capability to manipulate environment‐wave interactions, EAMC can cognize the near‐field environment impurities with subwavelength resolution, in which different impurities can be distinguished and located accurately with the aid of machine learning method. Thus, EAMC can adapt itself to varying environment so that its customized function is stabilized. For instance, EAMC is used as a communication modulator to adapt to different dielectric impurities and human body contacts dynamically. The quality of transmitted picture signals with impurities will deteriorate seriously but can be repaired efficiently as the self‐adaptive process of EAMC is used. Hence, the proposed EAMC could be a candidate for fundamental transmission channels for future smart wearable devices and systems.

New security approach-based Steganography and Cryptography by modified AES algorithm

The transmission of information through any channel of correspondence needs solid encryption procedures with the end goal of information security. The computerized watermarking assumes a significant part in inserting data into an advanced picture signal, for the check and character of its proprietors. In discrete wavelet change, "investigation channel bank" can be utilized for dissecting picture signals by going through. The channel bank comprises high and low pass channels at every deterioration stage. In this paper, a technique to consolidate steganography (Least Significant Method-LSM) and cryptography Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is thought to give a safer method to information transmission through any unstable or public organizations. Prior to inserting the content in the picture, the text is scrambled utilizing AES calculation. Utilizing least significant bit (LSB) strategy, encoded the text installed in low-low (LL) subband wavelet decayed of a picture. Converse wavelet changes applied will lead to the output picture is communicated to the recipient. Presently at the collector's end, the picture changed utilizing wavelet and encoded text will be extricated by utilizing the LSB technique. This paper shows how AES calculation is utilized in the decoding of the outcome.

テレビ画像信号のディジタル処理に適する小量タップFIRディジタルフィルタの一設計法 : 画像通信システム,画像応用

テレビ画像信号のディジタル処理に適する小量タップFIRディジタルフィルタの一設計法 : 画像通信システム,画像応用

Assessment of Speckle Noise Reduction in Digital Images using Nonlinear Anisotropic Diffusion: An Experimental Investigation

Objectives: To investigate on choice of suitable image quality assessment techniques and effect of parameters such as gradient threshold, time step, number of iterations etc. on anisotropic diffusion filtering. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Various diffusivity functions and the individual contribution of associated parameters are compiled and evaluated. Edge preservation in smoothing is an important issue while filtering digital images. A recently proposed image quality metrics is used for evaluating the edge preserving ability of filters. A comparative study is carried out on the basis of experiments and their performance is tested on standard test images using 16 different image quality metrics. Findings: The experimental findings show that most of the true edges got lost for higher number of iterations along with more smoothening of images in techniques namely, Perona and Malik diffusion, Speckle Reducing Anisotropic Diffusion (SRAD) and Weickert anisotropic diffusion. Further, in robust anisotropic diffusion it is found that conduction coefficient plays significant role in filtering process. Higher value of conduction coefficient results in more smoothening with blurring of sharp details and edges. It is concluded that image quality measures such as universal Quality index (Q), Edge Retrieval Index (ERI) and Structural Content (SC) can give significant information about image quality even in cases where conventional image quality metrics such as Picture Signal To Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), geometric average error (GAE), normalized absolute error (NAE) etc. fail to do so. Proposed approach can give significant information when conventional metrics fail to assess the filtered image quality. Application/Improvements: The behavioural characteristics of techniques studied will be suggestive when applied on real time noisy images such as ultrasound images which inherently contain speckle.

3D Electronic Products Surface Measurement System Based on Machine Vision

Adopting high-speed line scan industrial camera, through window function of the software to capture interested areas scanning by linear structured light, through image processing algorithms and splicing technique to extract 3D feature information of the detected object surface, combined with the camera calibration technology, calculated the three-dimensional coordinates of the detected object, and real-time displayed intuitive pseudo color map, monitored picture signal and weeded out unqualified products. Compared with similar systems at home and abroad, the system are real-time pseudo color graphics display, open system and lower cost.

Organic Devices for Integrated Photonics

This paper describes the application of organic photonic devices including organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photodetectors (OPDs) to integrated photonic devices for the realization of an all-polymeric local-area network. OLEDs and OPDs fabricated by vacuum and solution processes are also discussed. Signal transmission of moving picture signals is demonstrated, with clear signals transmitted and received by the organic devices.

A realization method of cyclic filter banks

AbstractIn recent years theories on filter banks (cyclic filter banks) in cyclic LTI systems have been proposed. Not only are cyclic filter banks that use cyclic convolution suitable for processes such as picture signals (finite signals), the design of cyclic filter banks is also limited to specific discrete frequency points. Consequently, there are advantages such as greater freedom of design compared to filter banks (noncyclic filter banks) in noncyclic LTI systems which use conventional linear convolution. Definite design methods have been given which realize a two‐partition construction as a cyclic filter bank with linear phase characteristics and orthogonality at the same time not possible in conventional noncyclic filter banks up to the present. Other than this, there have been no discussions on multipartition construction utilizing, for example, a modulated structure, methods that utilize various other advantages which can obtain a cyclic LTI system, or discussions on problems which can be solved by these. Based on this, we propose one method to achieve a cyclic filter bank in this paper. We propose a configuration that uses DFT modulation. To start with, we lead with polyphase expressions of cyclic filter banks that use DFT modulation and then present complete reconstruction conditions. We subsequently mention that the complete reconstruction conditions are given as a linear equation whose synthesized coefficients are unknown parameters by means of using a resolution given beforehand. Next, we examine the essential properties of a cyclic LTI system and then describe the advantages of this configuration method obtained by means of using these properties. Finally, we provide a design example of the proposed cyclic filter bank and show that a cyclic filter bank can be configured with DFT modulation. In addition, we mention the combined effects when dividing and synthesizing image signals based on applying this method to image compression applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(5): 9– 18, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20070

Realization of Polymeric Optical Integrated Devices Utilizing Organic Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors Fabricated on a Polymeric Waveguide

Direct fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photodetectors (OPDs) on polymeric substrates, i.e., polymeric waveguide substrates to form flexile optical integrated devices is demonstrated. The OELD and OPD were fabricated by organic molecular beam deposition (OMBD) technique on a polymeric or a glass substrate, for comparison. The device fabricated on a polymeric substrate shows similar device characteristics to that on a glass substrate. Optical signals of faster than 100 MHz have been created by applying pulsed voltage directly to the OLED utilizing diamine derivative, or rubrene or porphine doped in 8-hydoxyquinolinum aluminum derivatives, as an emissive layer. Electrical signals are successively converted to optical signals for optical transmission of moving picture signals with OLED fabricated on a polymeric waveguide. OPDs utilizing phthalocyanines derivatives with superlattice structure provide increased pulse response with input optical signals, and the OPD with the cutoff frequency of more than 5 MHz has been realized.

Single integrated DSP with TBC for camera/recorders

We have developed a single chip DSP (digital signal processor) for camera/recorders with low cost and high picture quality. We realized an internal TBC (time base corrector) essential for outputting a digital picture signal recorded on a tape as an analog format. This DSP also features the digital interface based on ITU-R BT.656.

Optical fiber digital transmission of multiplexed video and audio signals suitable for multimedia applications

This paper describes a new digital NTSC TV and audio signal transmission system in which circuit configurations are simplified and made more inexpensive than MPEG 2 on the basis of the subjective evaluation of the picture quality. An NTSC TV signal and an audio signal can easily be transmitted to the receiver at the same time, since the transmission rate is kept unchanged due to the insertion of the digital audio signal into the horizontal sync pulse of the digital NTSC TV signal. The proposed system has three features. Firstly, the system could give a satisfactory picture quality for consumer-use visual appliances even though the quality of the reproduced pictures is lower than that of the normal digital NTSC TV picture codes obtained at a sampling frequency of 4.00/spl times/fsc with a quantisation level of 8 bits. Secondly, the system can satisfactorily transmit NTSC TV picture codes at a low transmission rate of 50 Mbps even if such an advanced compression technique as MPEG 2 has not been used. Thirdly, the system is used for transmission of the digital audio signals which are inserted into the horizontal sync pulse of the digital NTSC TV signal. A combination of edge-emitting LEDs (ELEDs) and single-mode (SM) optical fibers enables the system to easily transmit a digital NTSC TV picture signal together with digital audio signals over a distance of 10 km through the SM optical fibers.

Optical fiber transmission of data packets multiplexed with digital audio and video signals

Describes a system for transmitting data packets multiplexed with digital audio and NTSC TV signals using optical fibers. Up to 18 channels are allocated for data packets transmitted at a maximum speed of 1.764 Mbps. Digital audio signals are inserted into the horizontal sync period of the NTSC TV signal. In addition to data packet transmission, the digital NTSC TV signal transmission system is used to easily distribute many types of information classified into categories. The proposed system is characterized by: firstly, this system can give a satisfactory picture quality enough to operate it together with video equipment even though the quality of the reproduced pictures is lower than that of normal digital NTSC TV picture codes obtained at a sampling frequency of 4.00/spl times/fsc with a quantizing level of 8 bits. Secondly, NTSC TV picture codes, audio codes, and data packets can satisfactorily be transmitted using inexpensive devices at a transmission rate of as low as 50 Mbps. Thirdly, this system is used for transmitting data packets and audio signal codes which are inserted in the horizontal sync period of the digital NTSC TV signal. Both data packets and audio signal codes can be distributed to the specific receivers specified by device address. A combination of edge-emitting LEDs (ELEDs) and optical fibers enable the transmission system to easily transmit a digital NTSC TV picture signal together with data packets and digital audio codes. A new approach of combining ELEDs and optical fibers to distribute CATV pictures and electronic information via the ISDN is also proposed.

情報化社会を演出するディスプレイ ディスプレイデバイスの動向 ＰＤＰ ＰＤＰの動画質と信号処理

情報化社会を演出するディスプレイ ディスプレイデバイスの動向 ＰＤＰ ＰＤＰの動画質と信号処理

Non-destructive, ultrasonic evaluation of meat quality in live Japanese Black steers from coloured images produced by a new ultrasound scanner

An improved colour scanning scope was used for evaluating meat quality (marbling) of live Japanese Black steers. This equipment consisted of a small size ultrasonic probe (2 MHZ) and LCD display. Seventeen fattened Japanese Black cattle were scanned at the region of the 7th rib about one week before slaughter. A picture of the cross-sectional area of the back was obtained immediately after applying the probe and contained 15 colours representing different signal strengths. The time for each scan was 2 seconds. The picture signals were fed into a computer for rapid estimation of fat percentage of the M. longissimus thoracis. After slaughter, the fat content and chemical characteristics were determined on the M. longissimus thoracis obtained from the same rib section. The range of fat content was 7.0 to 23.7% (average 18.47%). A high correlation coefficient ( r = 0.90; r.s.d. = 2.01%) was obtained between actual fat percentage of the M. longissimus thoracis and colour-scanning scope SR200 estimates based on the percentage of the weak blue dot(1) in the echo. Estimates of the subcutaneous fat thickness and the cross-sectional area of M. longissimus thoracis from the scans were in good agreement with the actual carcass measurements ( r = 0.69; r.s.d=0.52 cm and r = 0.81; r.s.d. = 4.26 cm 2, respectively). These results show that the new colour scanning scope is a useful instrument for estimating meat quality (marbling) in live cattle.

Asynchronous transfer mode call admission control scheme with plural quality classes

AbstractIn an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network, various calls with different trans‐mission quality requirements ranging from low bit‐rate data signals to high bit‐rate motion picture signals are applied. Therefore, it is important to determine how to allocate network resources to those calls and to judge whether those calls can be accepted. This paper proposes a call admission control scheme based upon a data table that holds the relationship between average bit‐rate and needed bandwidth for aggregated signals in each quality class obtained beforehand by simulation. This proposed scheme assumes broadband services where the aver‐age bit rate and burstiness of aggregated signals can be estimated clearly with predictable value ranges. This proposed scheme uses a conventional scheme for service quality class control. the following charac‐terizes this proposed scheme: (1) it is suitable for real time call processing because it has small table search processing and a simple table search algo‐rithm; (2) it realizes more accurate control due to a decreased data volume requirement and more precise data preparation than is the case for some of the conventional schemes; (3) it can be expanded easily to handle increases in the number of quality classes; and (4) it provides control in terms of statistic multiplexing effects between each quality class (also found in some of the conventional schemes).

The Applications of High Definition Television (HDTV) System for Still Imaging — Part 1

At the end of the 1960s, the idea for a high definition television (HDTV) system was proposed by Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) as a future TV system. The picture configurations and signal specifications were established by results of psychological and engineering experiments. After decades, development of most equipment for trial broadcasting service was completed and it was named “Hi-Vision”. We, Sony supplies all equipment for Hi-Vision system.The main purpose of Hi-Vision was to achieve a direct satellite broadcasting (DSB) service, although its high resolution picture characteristics had fascinating potential for applications to pictorial information media including various electronic imaging in the non-broadcasting fields. This paper introduces the applications of Hi-Vision system to electronic imaging. The discussion is primary with regards to application of it to still picture imaging.

Coding of motion compensation prediction error signal

AbstractThis paper discusses the properties of the motion‐compensating prediction error signal and the appropriate coding scheme. For a high‐efficiency coding of the moving picture, generally, a method combining the motion‐compensating prediction and the spatial coding such as discrete cosine transform (DCT) is used. It is shown that the spatial coding used here is effective for the input picture signal. On the other hand, the motion‐compensating prediction error signal has spatial properties which are considerably different from those of the input picture signal. For example, the correlation between pixels is small, especially in the vertical direction, or the magnitude of the correlation locally fluctuates greatly. Consequently, such signal transformations as the orthogonal transform and subband partition are not effective in the motion‐compensating prediction error signal.This paper analyzes the correlation between pixels to reevaluate the traditional coding schemes and to propose the adaptive coding scheme with and without signal transformation. It is shown that the proposed scheme can prevent the deterioration of the picture quality found in the traditional schemes while retaining equal or better rate‐distortion performance than that of the traditional scheme.

ICs for digital image transmission

The digital image transmission IC digitizes and compresses picture signals from a camera for transmission over a twisted paired cable, allowing easy and inexpensive application in household video monitoring systems. Three types of integrated circuits have been developed. An encoder IC which subjects the digitized video signals to data compression and sends and receives control signals; a decoder IC that receives video data from the encoder IC and outputs composite analog video signals; and a hybrid IC which integrates an encoder IC with the majority of its peripheral circuits (including A/D conversion circuits and memory). The main specifications of the three ICs are indicated. >

Optical sheet memory system

AbstractThis paper proposes a system for information storage and delivery. It is based on the new concept where the information corresponding to 10 still pictures and approximately 3 min of sound are encoded digitally and printed on a postcard as a dot pattern to be read and restored. The system is called an optical postcard system. In this study, after the basic technologies for the realization of this system are investigated, the printed optical postcard and the reproducing system are constructed experimentally. As a result of there production experiment, the information recorded on the postcard is read and the original picture and sound signal are played back. This indicates that the information can be delivered by optical postcard. The proposed idea of an information storage/delivery system can be applied not only to postcard‐sized sheet, but also to sheets of various sizes. Also, there can be various applications which differ from the use of the traditional information media, e.g., the the use of the traditional information media, e.g., the zine.

3D-television: A survey of recent research results on subjective requirements

At present the foundations are being laid out for the implementation of three-dimensional television. Apart from the engineering problems to be solved there are a number of questions connected with human factors which have to be answered. These questions are related to fundamental requirements with regard to certain system features such as screen size, viewing distance and the spatio-temporal resolution of the image in the three dimensions of space. Since the implementation of data-compressing techniques is essential for the recording and transmission of 3DTV picture signals, it is necessary to show the possibilities of irrelevance reduction as well as to define the demands made on the quality of reconstructed images. The present paper summarizes the latest results of research and shows in which fields work must be carried out on hitherto unanswered questions.