Early Picture Research Articles

Exploring challenges in learning and study skills among first-year medical students: a case study

BackgroundDespite being high-achieving students, many medical students face academic challenges, particularly during their first year of study. Research indicates that self-regulated learning, involving metacognitive processes and adaptive strategies, can positively influence academic achievement. This study aimed to assess the early learning and study skills of first-year medical students in an international medical school with the goal of developing a learner-centered educational intervention to promote self-regulated learning.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of the Learning and Study Skills Inventory (LASSI) questionnaire that was administered annually each August to first-year medical students from 2019 to 2022. The distribution of students across different percentile ranges for each selected variable was determined for each year and all years collectively. Students were counted within distinct percentile brackets (50th and below, between 51st and 75th, and above 75th ) for each variable.ResultsA total of 147 students completed the LASSI questionnaire over the 4-year time period. Using academic resources was the greatest concern, with 67% of students in the 50th or below percentile, followed by selecting the main idea (56%), motivation (51%), and concentration (50%). Attitude scored highest across all cohorts, scoring between 21.55 ± 0.73 and 26.49 ± 0.34. In comparing mean scores of LASSI variables across all cohorts, attitude, motivation, test-taking strategies, time management, and the use of academic resources differed significantly (p < 0.05).ConclusionLASSI data can provide an early picture of students’ support needs. We posit that early identification of student learning and study skills and areas of struggle can inform personalized educational interventions and programs to support first-year medical students.

Historical Memory, Warrior Identities and the Young Child in the Early Twentieth-Century Japanese Picture Magazine Children’s Illustrated

Historical Memory, Warrior Identities and the Young Child in the Early Twentieth-Century Japanese Picture Magazine Children’s Illustrated

｢무지개 물고기｣ 그림책 시리즈의 의미

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the message to be delivered to infants in the “Rainbow Fish” picture book series, understand the implications of the picture book, and use it as basic data in the educational field.&#x0D; Methods The “Rainbow Fish” series examined the overall content and in-depth implications of early childhood picture books based on Greimas (1985)'s sequence analysis, binary confrontation analysis, behavioral analysis, and Barthes (1997)'s semiotic approach to myth theory.&#x0D; Results The common feature of the sequence analysis contents of the “Rainbow Fish” series picture book is that it is a happy ending in which all conflicts and problems are resolved. However, there was a difference in the format of the plot. There were two types: a single-line format in which the story unfolds over time, and a circular format in which events in the story progress one after another over time and then return to square one. In the case of binary confrontation analysis, there was a common point that all the situations, emotions, and attitudes of rainbow fish were included, and the differences were confrontation between characters, confrontation between places, and change of mind of rainbow fish. The behavioral analysis of the “Rainbow Fish” series picture book shows that rainbow fish become the same person and main character in the role of the subject and receiver, and the differ-ence between the series is that the role of callers and opponents is different. In addition, depending on the devel-opment of the story, there are times when there are no characters who play the role of assistants, and sometimes the same character changes from the role of the antagonist to the role of assistants. Through the myth analysis of the “Rainbow Fish” series picture book, we were able to derive topics such as finding happiness, forming rela-tionships, empathizing, being interested, solving problems, accepting minds, positive interaction, and resolving conflicts.&#x0D; Conclusions This study is significant in that it helps in-depth understanding and interpretation of the “Rainbow Fish” series picture books based on a semiotic approach, and effectively conveys the meaning and literature im-plied in picture books in the field of early childhood education so that they can be applied to the field of early child-hood education.

Nagpur technique (triple wedge technique) for cleft lip repair in the first plastic surgery department of India: Principle and its evolution

ABSTRACT Background: Cleft lip chelioplasty can be approached with a wide array of different techniques. The ultimate goal of all techniques is to restore sphincter competence and aesthetically favorable outcome. Dr.C. Balakrishnan of Government medical college,Nagpur devised an original triple wedge technique,a form of three triangular flap,that was evolved independently of the triangular flap technique. Unfortunately he did not publish his technique,even today many of his 4th and 5th generation trainees perform triple wedge technique for cleft lip repair.[1-3] The history of cleft lip repair in Nagpur and it’s growth can not be dissociated from modern plastic surgery in India by the father of modern plastic surgery in India Dr. C.Balakrishnan himself,who established the first department of plastic surgery in India at GMC Nagpur,credited it with a new classification of cleft lip and palate, a new technique of cleft lip repair and propagated the principles of comprehensive cleft care. In our institute triple wedge repair for cleft lip is the repair of choice since 1950, although many modifications have been done in original technique since then. I was trained in KEM hospital,Mumbai and learned Millard’s repair there. After coming to Nagpur,I joined the department as lecturer under respected Dr S.M. Kale sir and I got the opportunity to learn triple wedge technique from him. Over the last 20 years I have added few modifications like changing the orientation of triangles,using the mucosal element for anterior palate repair which used to be discarded in original triple wedge technique and primary rhinoplasty. Aims and Objectives: In this original article we are describing the original triple wedge technique invented by father of modern plastic surgery in India Dr.C. Balakrishnan 2 and its evolution since then in the first department of plastic surgery in India. Materials and Methods: Patients operated in last 50 years at Government Medical college,Nagpur and data available in department. Results: Early and late postoperative pictures showing result of the technique. Conclusion: The purpose of this article is illuminating unpublished work of legend of plastic surgery in India Dr. C. Balakrishnan.

Social Changes in America: The Silent Cinema Frontier and Women Pioneers

Silent cinema acted as a bridge between early motion pictures and today’s film industry, playing a transformative role in shaping feminist film history and American society. This article explores pioneering American women in the silent film industry who ventured into technology, film culture, marginalized communities, and social movements. Despite the prevalence of racist and sexist propaganda, American silent films were a frontier for innovation, filmmaking, and exploring the New Women concept. This study examines 23 American silent films that have often been overlooked and rarely studied, whereby film analysis generally aligns with established feminist silent film theories. By shedding light on a previously overlooked film directed by May Tully, this study challenges the widespread belief that there existed “no women directors in 1925”. The examination of databases reaffirms American women directors’ contributions to silent films, especially during the early years of the silent film era. The results modify the previous scholarly notion that “influential women directors’ involvement was over by 1925”. Following an initial surge in their active leadership during the early years, influential women directors’ participation was over after 1922, rather than 1925.

만 3세 유아가 경험한 텃밭정원 활동의 교육적 의미

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the educational meaning and educational growth of proper personality education and environmental education at the educational level through the experience of garden activities.&#x0D; Methods A total of 6 children in Class B, 3 years old at daycare center A located in Incheon, were selected as study participants. Data collection was conducted three times a week from March 17, 2022 to February 10, 2023, with 11-month observation logs, early childhood interviews, picture data, and participatory observation. In accordance with the data analysis procedure, the process of transcription, coding, and subject generation was analyzed by the research method of inductive analysis procedure and interpretive analysis procedure Hatch.&#x0D; Results The educational meaning of gardening activities experienced by 3-year-old children was as follows: ‘The beginning of garden play is exciting,’ ‘The artists of garden play are nature and children,’ and ‘Walking play is for you, me, and us together.’ The educational growth shown by the three children was ‘Growing, growing!’ It appeared as ‘growing as a child with character’ and ‘we grow as guardians of the environment’.&#x0D; Conclusions Through the results of this study, it was confirmed that gardening activities influence the educational growth of sound character and environmental education in 3-year-old children... First, natural activities help children's character education, and second, the experience of natural circulation. Third, sustainable development education begins with small efforts by teachers, so it is necessary to reflect gardening activities in childcare activities for environmental education. Fourth, cooperation between daycare centers and related organizations is needed. There is a need to utilize it. This study is meaningful as an example of how the researcher utilized the garden in the daycare center by reflecting the garden activity in the curriculum to overcome the problems of indoor-centered children's activities in the era of COVID-19.

Representation in Children’s Book Council of Australia Early Childhood and Picture Book Awarded Books (2018-2020)

The call for more diversity in children’s literature has increased over the past decade. Many researchers draw on Rudine Sims Bishop’s theory of Windows, Mirrors, and Sliding Glass Doors (1990) to argue that children need to be able to see their lives reflected in the media they consume, not just as caricatures or tokenistic characters, but as protagonists and everyday people. The prizing of children’s literature acts as a stamp of approval for what is considered quality literature, and often results in an undiscerning market that purchases texts simply because of their awarded prize. The Children’s Book Council of Australia (CBCA) Book of the Year award is one of the most prestigious literary awards available in the country, particularly for younger readers. This critical content analysis examines the winners, honoured, and short-listed texts for the Book of the Year awards in the Picture Book and Early Childhood categories for the years 2018-2020. The analysis found that the majority of the texts reinforce the current social and cultural discourse of the straight, white, cis-gendered, able-bodied male. Given the social and cultural impact of the CBCA awards, it is essential that the discourses and ways of being that are represented in the awarded texts are critically investigated to ensure they are representative of their readership and do not perpetuate a damaging message to readers about their or others’ identity.

Application of Mianzhu New Year Painting Art Style in Childrens Picture Books

This paper analyzes the attraction of children's language learning and literacy through the collation of Chinese Mianzhu New Year's Paintings art style, analyzes the attraction of children's language learning and literacy through the reading of early children's New Year's Paintings art style picture books, summarizes the use of pre-school children's favorite picture book survey reports and data, and analyzes the case of the excellent picture book design that has won awards for integrating the Chinese traditional art style, and the result shows that Mianzhu New Year's Paintings art style has great potential to be explored in the field of picture books. The results show that Mianzhu Nianhua art style in the field of picture books has great potential to be explored, and its artistic characteristics have strong extensibility and integration, and the use of saturated, bright colors combined with children's favorite picture book themes will be more attractive to children to read picture books. This study provides a new design reference for the integration of traditional Chinese art styles with children's picture books, which can enhance children's language learning and literacy skills while promoting the traditional Chinese art of Mianzhu New Year's Paintings.

Barabás Miklós első Széchenyi István-képmása 1836-ból

In the study I explore the relationship between the popular reformist politician of the first half of the 19th century István Széchenyi (1791–1860) and the painter Miklós Barabás (1810–1898). Miklós Barabás of Márkusfalva returned to Pest from a study tour of Italy in late 1835. He had an immense amount of sketches from his travels, and hardly any clients to sell to, so he tried to make acquaintances through the prominent figures of literature. His first commission was to paint the portrait of the poet Mihály Vörösmarty. During this commission he got acquainted with Antal Tasner, Count István Széchenyi’s secretary, who directed the count’s attention to the young painter. In this period several important institutions were associated with Széchenyi: he made a donation for the establishment of the Scholarly Society (the later Academy of Sciences), he took part in founding the National Casino in Pest, and had an active role in the work of the First Danubian Steam Shipping Company. From the end of the 1820s he wrote and published four books: Lovakrul [On Horses], Hitel [Credit], Világ [World/ Light], Stádium [State/stage of development]. His portrait was popular and in high demand. In 1835 eight different drawings and paintings were made of the politician. The aldermen of four counties – Hont, Bihar, Nógrád and Sopron – wished to acquire a portrait of him each. In response to the request by Bihar county, Széchenyi recommended Miklós Barabás to paint the portrait and guaranteed that the painting would be a success.Széchenyi and Barabás met in person in February 1836 when the portrait in the focus of research was made with the count sitting for it. This half-length portrait of the count in Hungarian gala costume was extended to full length portraits several times and sold to different clients.At the present stage of research the painting ordered by Hont county (in the Mining Museum, Selmecbánya) is the only original portrait in addition to the half-figure prototype, and the work for Sopron county is known in reproduction. The two depictions are iconographically connected by the black Hungarian gala costume and the motifs alluding to Széchenyi’s political activity (books on the table, steamboat in the background). After Széchenyi’s death in 1860 Pest county also commissioned Barabás to paint a full-length portrait of him. In the background of the painting of 1867 the construction of Chain-bridge is shown. The posture of the figure is, however, not so excellently set as in the earlier pictures. Barabás kept the first-painted half-length portrait with him to the end of his life. His heirs later sold it to Dénes Széchenyi, the grandson of István Széchenyi’s brother Lajos and it survived the vicissitudes of the 20th century in family ownership.

PENENTUAN TINGKAT RESIKO KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE INDEKS CUACA KEBAKARAN (FIRE WEATHER INDEX) DAN JUMLAH TITIK PANAS (HOTSPOT) DI KABUPATEN BANJAR PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Various indicators of hotspot occurrence as a cause of forest and land fires (karhutla) in Banjar District are still difficult to determine due to limited information. The analysis of FFMC (Fine Fuel Moisture Code) and DC (Drought Code) as well as the monitoring of the number of hotspots aims to determine the level of risk of forest and land fire hazards and can be an early picture of future forest and land fire disasters in the Banjar District of South Kalimantan Province. The data processing process to obtain the FFMC and DC values and their relationship with the number of hotspots is to calculate the FFMC and DC values of station observations and model observations through the Microsoft Excel Add-In (FWI Add-in) program. The two models will then be verified with a scatter plot and through the Pearson correlation test the relationship between the FFMC and DC of the ERA5 model and the number of hotspots can be found. As a result, the FFMC and DC (station observation and model) showed extreme risk levels for the 2014, 2015 and 2018 forest and land fires. Both models show a positive and linear relationship on the scatter plot. And in the Pearson correlation test, both variables between the FFMC and DC of the ERA5 model and the number of hotspots are moderately to strongly correlated. This condition indicates that an increase in the risk level of forest and land fires will be followed by a significant increase in the incidence of forest and land fires in the Banjar Regency area of South Kalimantan Province.

키워드 네트워크 분석을 활용한 유아 그림책에 대한 연구동향 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze the research trends of early childhood and picture books using keyword network analysis.&#x0D; Methods To this end, based on the academic database, keywords from 1,195 academic papers related to early childhood and picture books published from 2001 to 2020 were collected, and data analysis was conducted by keyword network analysis (keyword appearance frequency, connection centrality, and mediation centrality).&#x0D; Results First, from 2001 to 2020, creativity and pro-social behavior keywords among early childhood and picture book-related keywords were all ranked high in appearance frequency, connection centrality, and mediation centrality. On the other hand, research trends, literature, picture book making, and reading interest keywords were analyzed higher in connection-centeredness and mediation-centeredness than in the frequency. Second, for network analysis by period of early childhood and picture book research, it was divided into 1st (2001-2010) and 2nd (2011-2020), and the frequency of keyword appearance was high in the order of creativity, language ability, language expression, and picture book reading. In addition, the first period showed a high frequency of language appearance such as story composition ability and story comprehension, and the second period showed a high frequency related to society and emotions such as emotional intelligence, view acceptance, and self-esteem. Keyword connection centrality was high in the first period, keywords related to language ability, picture book making, and picture book reading, and research trends and social emotion-related keywords were high in the second period.&#x0D; Conclusions Research trends related to early childhood and picture books show a tendency that studies related to the literary nature of picture books have been studied from various angles. The keywords that appeared in connection-centeredness and mediation-centeredness in this study were different by period in network analysis by period. It can be seen that this is an important subject for each period.

Pelatihan Skrining Gizi bagi Pengelola Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah di SMP Negeri 13 Kota Semarang

Adolescence is a period of transition or transition from childhood to adulthood. At that time, teenagers are often overwhelmed by a lot of ignorance about their development which can cause their own problems. One of the health problems that are most often experienced by adolescents today is the triple burden of malnutrition, namely undernutrition, excess nutrition (obesity), and iron deficiency anemia. Anthropometric nutritional status measurement is one way of early detection of growth retardation for children. Routinely under the coordination of the Puskesmas, measuring the weight and or height of new school children is one of the screening tools for children's health. Insufficient height is assumed to be the result of long-term malnutrition that can interfere with student learning achievement and low body resistance to disease and child mortality. One of the efforts to minimize this problem is to monitor nutritional status early, especially in the school environment. The School Health Effort (SHE) is the spearhead of the “health promotion school” effort. With the training on nutritional status assessment for the UKS managers/officers of the State Junior High School (SMPN) 13 Semarang City, it can help partners find out an early picture of the nutritional status of students. The method of implementing nutrition screening training activities consists of 4 stages, namely planning, implementation assisted by powerpoint media, and anthropometric measurement tools, evaluation (pre-test and post-test), and reflection. The training participants were students from SHE management, totaling 30 people. Based on the results of the evaluation by comparing the pre-test and post-test results, the participants after being given training understood and were able to practice anthropometric measurements of weight and height, and were able to determine nutritional status by looking at the BMI/U index table.

From the Editor

From the Editor Lisa Rowe Fraustino (bio) In this, my first introduction to my first volume as editor of the annual, I want to begin by thanking all of our contributors, from whom I have learned more than I thought my brain could absorb. I have learned not only from the seven authors whose accepted essays appear in these pages but also from those whose work is still in the revise and resubmit (R & R) process, and even those whose work was not a fit for us—or not yet. Equally, I learned from our expert readers, whose generous attention to the work of anonymous colleagues makes every essay better, makes the journal better, makes the editor better, makes children's literature scholarship overall better, and indirectly betters children's literature itself. With no organizing theme for this open volume, I decided to order the essays chronologically based on the text sets under discussion, beginning with a classic of the White canon, Peter and Wendy. In "'[A] commotion in the firmament': The Thermodynamics of Neverland," Clayton Carlyle Tarr looks at J. M. Barrie's 1911 novelization of his 1904 play as an exemplar of how children's literature incorporated Victorian science. Peter Pan and Tinker Bell harness energy in ways that defy the physical laws of thermodynamics, a subject that Barrie studied at the University of Edinburgh. Just as the character Peter Pan never ages or dies, the thermodynamic power of storytelling allows Peter Pan to live on across generations. At the same time as Barrie staged children's play in White, patriarchal, colonialist fantasies, H.G. Wells represented nationalist masculinity through play in two little-known novels for children, Floor Games (1911) and Little Wars (1913). Chloe Flower's essay, "The Exemplary Game: Going to War with H.G. Wells's Toy Soldiers," situates these fictional war-gaming texts in British culture and the figure of the toy soldier in material history. She finds that, like the reproducible hollow toy, "the boy is a delegate for an infinitely expanding number of other, expendable male selves proceeding outward to empire and forward into England's triumphalist future." Just as children's literature has contributed to the reproduction of traditional gender roles across generations, so too has it contributed to cultural change. In "Little Miss Muffet Must Go! Mommies at Work [End Page ix] and the Radical Roots of Non-Sexist Children's Literature," Julia L. Mickenberg explores the historical impact of an early feminist picture book and discusses why it was then—and still is, to some extent—difficult to find picture book mothers working outside of the home. Eve Merriam's 1961 text was given new life in 1970 when rediscovered by the Women's Liberation movement and featured in Elizabeth Fisher's "The Second Sex, Junior Division," which Mickenberg parallels with the importance of Nancy Larrick's "The All-White World of Children's Literature." With the next essay, we skip ahead to the poststructural era, when both young adult literature and the theoretical study of it have gained influence and respect. Barbara Tannert-Smith combines topoanalysis and psychoanalysis in "'The Garden Frightens Me': Trauma, Recovery, and the Environmental Uncanny in Meg Rosoff's How I Live Now." By mapping "the traumatic route of intertextual modeling" in what Amitav Ghosh has called "the environmental uncanny," Tannert-Smith deconstructs romantic notions of landscape and human-nature entanglements in Rosoff's 2004 critically acclaimed novel about young people surviving on their own in a future World War III. J. K. Rowling's series of seven Harry Potter books came out between 1997 and 2007, and Kathryn Strong Hansen discusses the author's 2008 postscript to her Wizarding World in the next essay, "On the Margins of Harry's World: Paratext and The Tales of Beedle the Bard." Reading Rowling's footnotes placed alongside Dumbledore's in the text, Hansen argues that paratexts of the Tales undermine Rowling's expressed intent in fighting bigotry by marginalizing readers as Muggles themselves, distancing rather than fostering the connection that had made them feel included throughout the series. In recent decades, scholars have paid increasing attention to comics and graphic novels. Kai Mikkonen continues...

Enhancing Picture Book Reading for Young EFL Learners

With increasing globalization, global English and its association with literacy worldwide have gained widespread attention. Following the law of language learning, more and more countries are making efforts to help their citizens become literate in English from their early years. Picture books have played a crucial part in developing children’s emergent literacy skills. They provide children with fascinating illustrations, advancement in vocabularies, and meaningful sentence structures that go beyond the present contexts. However, picture book reading can be difficult for young English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners due to the lack of English-speaking environment and language accumulation. With regard to this situation, this article analyzes and discusses the common debates on the print concept, phonological awareness, and vocabularies within an EFL early picture book reading setting to shed light on the practical direction in this field. Following this, this article coins relevant supporting strategies to ensure effective English picture book reading among children by developing supplementary activities, encouraging parent-child interaction, and applying multimedia materials. This article ends with a brief conclusion and questions that may need further exploration and research.

Towards a natural history of film form: silver salts and the aesthetics of early studio-era Hollywood cinema

In 1948, outspoken émigré director Erich von Stroheim offered a now-famous account of the troubled post-production history of his notorious 1924 exercise in naturalism, Greed. According to von Stroheim, a cadre of MGM studio executives, led by Irving Thalberg, had pressured him to cut his gritty, sprawling masterpiece – an attempt to ‘reproduce life as it actually was’ – from its eight-hour, 42-reel initial assembly down to a more studio-friendly 12 reels.1 When he refused, the film was given to a cutter at thirty dollars a week who [sic] had never read the book nor the script, and on whose mind was nothing but a hat [ …] my picture was arbitrarily cut to nine or ten [reels]. The rest of the negative was burned to get the forty-three cents of silver out.2 In standard production histories of the film, this anecdote has served to reinforce a familiar narrative about the consolidation of classical Hollywood film aesthetics across the course of the 1920s.3 For proponents of this narrative, these aesthetic changes were a function of industrial developments in Hollywood’s ‘mode of production’, which between 1914 and 1930 saw the will of the director increasingly subordinated to that of the producer within a newly integrated studio system.4 Yet closer attention to von Stroheim’s anecdote demands a revision of this narrative. For by the end of the story it would appear that the director’s true object is neither the studio system at large, nor its functionary, the ‘cutter’, but the silver content of the photographic film stock itself – cast here as pettily desirable scrap metal, or, as von Stroheim puts it, ‘forty-three cents [worth] of silver’. In this respect, the reminiscence obliquely suggests a relationship between two things we commonly keep apart. The first is an aesthetic outcome that has become a byword for the vicissitudes of the early studio system; the second is one of the key ingredients of early motion picture film stock – light-sensitive silver halide crystals.

Early Transcriptional Activity of Vtr-297 - Results from an Ongoing Phase I Clinical Trial

VTR-297 (Trichostatin A) is a pan-inhibitor of histone deacetylases types 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are well-known small molecules that increase the acetylation of lysine residues by inhibiting the activity of histone deacetylase enzymes. These anticancer agents affect epigenetic and non-epigenetic transcriptional regulation and are already part of effective clinical practice and hematology regimens. As HDACi are known for their relatively wide transcriptional modulation, we have conducted a high throughput screen to elucidate early transcriptional effects related to exposure to Trichostatin A (TSA) on patient-derived, clinical time-series samples. NCT03838926 is an ongoing, open-label, dose-escalation, phase I clinical trial for subjects with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies. Enrolled patients were assigned to receive one currently tested dose (1.25 / 2.50 / 5.00 mg; IV infusion) in 28-day cycles, 3-times a week for three weeks with one week off (IV administration days 1,3,5,8,10,12,15,17 and 19) until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. The primary endpoint was safety/tolerability and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of VTR-297 (TSA). Currently, twelve patients enrolled in the study, including Multiple Myeloma (MM, n=5), Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL, n=5), and Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL, n=2) across the first three dose-escalation cohorts that completed (1.25 / 2.50 / 5.00mg). No significant drug-related toxicities were reported, and MTD was not reached (recruitment is currently ongoing in the fourth dose cohort of 10mg). As a part of the exploratory analysis of whole blood (PBMC), patient samples were collected on cycle1 day1 (C1D1; pre-infusion, 15min-post, 30min-post, 1h-post, 2h-post, and 6h-post infusion) to capture any transcriptional changes (RNAseq) related to VTR-297 treatment. In the current analysis, samples were collected and analyzed in respective batches (15min / 30min / 1h / 2h / 6h) and compared with combined baseline samples (pre-infusion). Using Deseq2 to ascertain transcriptionally affected genes (pval<0.05, up/down relative fold-change 1.5x), we detected 136 differentially expressed genes across at least one of the time point analyzed. Among the detected genes, we found novel and previously described genes related to the core pathophysiology of myeloid and lymphoid disease (e.g., iron metabolism, vascular metastasis, and tyrosine kinase activity). In conclusion, these preliminary signatures offer early biomarker information related to a specific transcriptional activity elicited by intravenously delivered VTR-297 in the clinical setting. In an ongoing clinical study, we will further monitor, validate, and expand on these findings. Further observations at higher, safe, and clinically meaningful doses will complement our current, early picture of VTR-297 activity and how it can be used to optimize TSA-based treatments.

Implications of Uniform Time Zone for ASEAN Countries on Muslim Prayer (Solah) Timings in Malaysia

A time zone is an area on the Earth globe that observes a uniform or standard time in its area, better known as local time. The time zones worldwide differ according to the longitude of a country and ASEAN countries have four time zones, namely, GMT+6.5, GMT+7, GMT+8 and GMT+9. Time zones result in different environments in the aspects of socio-ibadah (religious worship), working hours and timings for other purposes. Indeed, there have been many suggestions to standardize the time zones of ASEAN countries in order to facilitate the ideal directness of economic activity, however a thorough study needs to be conducted so that any decision taken will harmonize all parties. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to assess the Muslim prayer time schedule in Malaysia by analyzing the Muslim prayer times for ASEAN countries compared to if the time zones were converted to a standard or uniform time zone, namely GMT+7. This is qualitative research using the methods of document analysis, interview and observation. This research focused on the prayer schedule of the easternmost state time zone and westernmost state time zone in Malaysia. Research results finds that a change in the time zone of Malaysia to GMT+7 would delay prayer timings in Malaysia by one hour. This would more or less change social activity and working hours for society in Malaysia. This research indirectly gives an early picture of the effect of applying a uniform time zone, GMT+7, so that ASEAN countries, including Malaysia, may be prepared.

Beyond Lassa Fever: Systemic and structural barriers to disease detection and response in Sierra Leone.

BackgroundLassa fever (LF) often presents clinically as undifferentiated febrile illness. Lassa Fever cases in Sierra Leone have been falling since the 2014–2016 Ebola epidemic. Data from other LF endemic countries suggest that this is not a true reflection of local epidemiological decline, but rather a function of either health seeking behaviour or the health/referral system. In Sierra Leone, many other diseases present with a similar early clinical picture, including COVID-19 and Marburg Disease (which has recently emerged in neighbouring Guinea). This empirical study explores the implementation of health system processes associated with International Health Regulations (IHR) requirements for early detection and timely and effective responses to the spread of febrile disease, through the case study of LF in Sierra Leone.Methodology/Principal findingsThis study used a qualitative approach to analyse local policy and guidance documents, key informant interviews with policy and practice actors, and focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with health care workers (HCWs) and community health workers (CHWs) in Kenema District to examine the ways in which undifferentiated fever surveillance and response policies and processes were implemented in the post-Ebola period. Multiple challenges were identified, including: issues with the LF case definition, approaches to differential diagnosis, specimen transport and the provision of results, and ownership of laboratory data. These issues lead to delays in diagnosis, and potentially worse outcomes for individual patients, as well as affecting the system’s ability to respond to outbreak-prone disease.Conclusions/SignificanceIdentification of ways to improve the system requires balancing vertical disease surveillance programmes against other population health needs. Therefore, health system challenges to early identification of LF specifically have implications for the effectiveness of the wider Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) system in Sierra Leone more generally. Sentinel surveillance or improved surveillance at maternity facilities would help improve viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) surveillance, as well as knowledge of LF epidemiology. Strengthening surveillance for vertical disease programmes, if correctly targeted, could have downstream benefits for COVID-19 surveillance and response as well as the wider health system—and therefore patient outcomes more generally.

Reading Children's Drawings Through Analysis of Three Metafunctions

For researchers, early childhood educators, and art educators, the contribution of this article is to expand meaning in drawing activities. Perspective in reading pictures using visual culture theory, especially visual grammar. This study aims to share knowledge and experiences in reading early childhood pictures from different perspectives. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach through visual material data collection techniques and analysis of three metafunctions. The objects of research are three pictures of children aged 7-8 years, namely the works of winners of the I-III children's painting competition held by PP-IPTEK TMII in 2018. Aspects of the representation structure, interaction system, and composition of each image are analyzed. The research findings conclude that the ideational function of the three images shows a narrative structure of representation and raises the discourse of resistance to the actual situation. The interpersonal function of the three images places the image maker in the real world and as an object of display impersonally. The textual functions of the three images position social life on other planets as a reflection of hope for real social life.Keywords: children's drawings, visual culture, visual system, three metafunctions&#x0D;

Husserl’s Theory of Scientific Explanation: A Bolzanian Inspired Unificationist Account

Husserl’s early picture of explanation in the sciences has never been completely provided. This lack represents an oversight, which we here redress. In contrast to currently accepted interpretations, we demonstrate that Husserl does not adhere to the much maligned deductive-nomological (DN) model of scientific explanation. Instead, via a close reading of early Husserlian texts, we reveal that he presents a unificationist account of scientific explanation. By doing so, we disclose that Husserl’s philosophy of scientific explanation is no mere anachronism. It is, instead, tenable and relevant. We discuss how Husserl and other contemporary thinkers draw theoretical inspiration from the same source—namely, Bernard Bolzano. Husserl’s theory of scientific explanation shares a common language and discusses the same themes as, for example, Phillip Kitcher and Kit Fine. To advance our novel reading, we discuss Husserl’s investigations of grounding, inter-lawful explanation, intra-mathematical explanation, and scientific unification.