Pictorial Reference Research Articles

Can a Computer-based Force Feedback Hip Fracture Skills Simulator Improve Clinical Task Performance? A Cadaveric Validation Study.

This cadaveric study seeks to determine whether skills acquired on the simulator translate to improved performance of the clinical task. We hypothesized that completion of simulator training modules would improve performance of percutaneous hip pinning. Eighteen right-handed medical students from two academic institutions were randomized: trained (n = 9) and untrained (n = 9). The trained group completed nine simulator-based modules of increasing difficulty, designed to teach techniques of placing wires in an inverted triangle construct in a valgus-impacted femoral neck fracture. The untrained group had a brief simulator introduction but did not complete the modules. Both groups received a hip fracture lecture, an explanation and pictorial reference of an inverted triangle construct, and instruction on using the wire driver. Participants then placed three 3.2 mm guidewires in cadaveric hips in an inverted triangle construct under fluoroscopy. Wire placement was evaluated with CT at 0.5 mm sections. The trained group significantly outperformed the untrained group in most parameters (P ≤ 0.05). The results suggest that a force feedback simulation platform with simulated fluoroscopic imaging using an established, increasingly difficult series of motor skills training modules has potential to improve clinical performance and might offer an important adjunct to traditional orthopaedic training.

Seeing‐in and Singling Out: How to Reconcile Pictures with Singular Thought

AbstractAccording to the standard view of pictorial reference, a picture produces singular thought in virtue of both its appearance and its history. Zeimbekis (2010) challenges this view, arguing that the perception of the picture's appearance does not contribute to the production of singular thought. The paper defends the standard view from Zeimbekis' challenge, specifying the roles of appearance and history in pictorial reference. While knowledge about the picture's history allows one to identify the standpoint from which to see the scene depicted, the perception of the picture's appearance exploits that standpoint to single out individuals in that scene.

Role of Cardiovascular CT in Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease in which there is an elevated pressure in the pulmonary vasculature leading to anatomic changes that can be identified on imaging. While right heart catheterization (RHC) is the gold standard for definitive diagnosis, there are many steps prior to catheterization in evaluating a patient with suspected PH. Computed Tomography (CT) is often used as one of the initial imaging modalities in the workup of suspected PH and is usually obtained in all patients with suspected or confirmed PH. In other cases, CT scans done for other purposes can suggest findings of PH that would alert clinicians to an additional possible diagnosis. Patients diagnosed with PH often have very complex hemodynamics as well as medical comorbidities, and referral to a center that specializes in PH is always recommended. There have been newly proposed classifications for the different groups of PH as well as a new definition for the diagnosis of PH. Various findings may require a specific CT to be completed with or without contrast or an electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated CT. This article reviews the current literature and provides a pictorial reference of CT findings associated with PH that can lead to a proposed diagnosis and, possibly, the underlying etiology of PH.

Similarity regained

In this article the author tries to articulate a theory of pictorial reference that would avoid the trap of the strict conventionalism supported by N. Goodman. Making use of the Gibson's notion of pcrcepliml invariants, as well as of Goodman’s notion of exemplification, the author claims that pictures, thanks to the visual properties of their signilier. refer Io visual properties of our environment. As pictures exemplify perceptual properties (invariants) such as jo be red«, -to be doglike«, »to be up«, »to be in front of«, etc., strictly speaking, the language or pictures, according Io the author, may be understood as a language which consists only of adjectives and adverbs. From tins point of view, the role of I he painter implies the construction of the signilier that posseses the properties to which he intends to refer. If. the author concludes, the reference of pictures relied only on conventions, such an effort of the painter would be unnecessary.

An Aquatic Decomposition Scoring Method to Potentially Predict the Postmortem Submersion Interval of Bodies Recovered from the North Sea.

This study aimed to develop an aquatic decomposition scoring (ADS) method and investigated the predictive value of this method in estimating the postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) of bodies recovered from the North Sea. This method, consisting of an ADS item list and a pictorial reference atlas, showed a high interobserver agreement (Krippendorff's alpha≥0.93) and hence proved to be valid. This scoring method was applied to data, collected from closed cases-cases in which the postmortal submersion interval (PMSI) was known-concerning bodies recovered from the North Sea from 1990 to 2013. Thirty-eight cases met the inclusion criteria and were scored by quantifying the observed total aquatic decomposition score (TADS). Statistical analysis demonstrated that TADS accurately predicts the PMSI (p<0.001), confirming that the decomposition process in the North Sea is strongly correlated to time.

ANGIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE MAJOR ABDOMINAL ARTERIAL BLOOD SUPPLY IN THE DOG.

Vascular-based interventional radiology (IR) procedures are being more regularly performed in veterinary patients for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A complete description of the fluoroscopic arterial anatomy of the canine abdominal cavity has not been published. This information is essential for performance of IR procedures to allow for improved preparation before and during a particular procedure. The primary purpose of this study was to provide a fluoroscopic description of the vascular branching from the abdominal aorta in a ventro-dorsal projection with a secondary goal of producing pictorial reference images of the major abdominal arterial blood vessels. Five healthy female hound type dogs were enrolled and underwent fluoroscopic arteriography. During fluoroscopy, both nonselective and selective arteriography were performed. The nonselective arteriograms were obtained in the aorta at four locations: cranial to the celiac artery, cranial to the renal arteries, cranial to the caudal mesenteric artery, and cranial to the branching of the external iliac arteries. Selective arteriography was conducted by performing injections into the following arteries: celiac, splenic, common hepatic, cranial mesenteric, left and right renal, and caudal mesenteric. Fluoroscopic arteriography allowed for excellent characterization of the aortic ostia and the location of the lower order vascular branches. Future evaluation of vascular-based treatment options will likely increase as the understanding of the normal and pathologic anatomy improves.

Development and Validation of the QUT Corneal Nerve Grading Scale

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a grading scale to facilitate the estimation of the amount of nerve tissue in images of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus captured using in vivo laser scanning corneal confocal microscopy (LSCCM). Images of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus obtained using a Heidelberg LSCCM were sourced from a large image bank at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT). These images were used to construct a grading scale for depicting the amount of nerve tissue, ranging from 0 (sparse) to 4 (extensive). Twenty-five observers graded 20 images of a known corneal nerve fiber length (defined as the total length of nerves per unit area) on 2 occasions, at least 2 weeks apart. An equivalent calculated grade was determined for each test image from known values of corneal nerve fiber length. The intraclass correlation coefficient for repeat gradings was 0.88 (P < 0.001). Intraobserver and interobserver repeatabilities were unrelated to the calculated grade (P = 0.467 and P = 0.530, respectively). Grading can be performed with average 95% confidence limits of ±1.2 grading units. Overall grading estimates did not differ between observers (P = 0.998). There was a strong agreement between the estimated and calculated grades (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.92, P < 0.001). We have developed the QUT Corneal Nerve Grading Scale, which is demonstrated to be repeatable, reliable, precise, and accurate. This tool provides clinicians and researchers with a simple and convenient pictorial reference for assessing, comparing, and monitoring the corneal subbasal nerve plexus with reference to LSCCM images.

Raman Spectroscopy for the Study of XVI-XVII Centuries Colonial Paintings

ABSTRACTOutstanding information about the material composition and pictorial techniques of the New Spain Colonial painting can be obtained via a full characterization using a set of analytical techniques. Given the cultural importance of this painting, a non-invasive approach is preferred. Moreover, the preparation and use of reference materials using original recipes is necessary for a correct interpretation of the spectroscopic data from historical objects. Here, we present the results obtained via an in-situ Raman spectroscopic analysis of a set of pictorial reference materials, created according to XVI and XVII centuries’ recipes. Several difficulties were encountered, such as the low Raman detection signal, an intrinsic fluorescence of the material, and in some cases even laser-induced degradation. For this reason, the usual molecular Raman analysis was extended to Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), which enhances the Raman signal and quenches the fluorescence. It was then applied to the analysis of two wood paintings from the ex-convent San Francisco Tepeyanco, in Tlaxcala.

Some scleractinian corals (Scleractinia: Anthozoa) of Larak Island, Persian Gulf.

There is a shortage of knowledge about taxonomy and distribution of coral reef communities in the Persian Gulf. One of the main steps in the conservation and evaluation of such an environment is to locate and identify the communities and their inhabited fauna and flora. In the present study scleractinian corals were collected from depths of 3 to 9 meter around Larak Island, Persian Gulf. Underwater photographs of the sampled specimens were obtained in the natural habitat before sampling. 37 species have been identified via morphological characteristics of exoskeletons. The following study provided a pictorial reference to enhance the basic knowledge about coral reef communities in the Persian Gulf.

Methods of tophus assessment in clinical trials of chronic gout: a systematic literature review and pictorial reference guide

ObjectiveTo identify methods of tophus measurement for gout studies, summarise the properties of these methods and compile a detailed pictorial reference guide to demonstrate the methods.MethodsA systematic search strategy for...

A Pictorial Reference of the 200 Most Commonly Prescribed Drugs: A Resource for Patients, Interns and Practitioners

A Pictorial Reference of the 200 Most Commonly Prescribed Drugs: A Resource for Patients, Interns and Practitioners

A Visual Encapsulation of Adlerian Theory: A Tool for Teaching and Learning

A visual diagram is presented in this article to illustrate 6 key concepts of Adlerian theory discussed in corresponding narrative format. It is proposed that in an age of multimedia learning, a pictorial reference can enhance the teaching and learning of Adlerian theory, representing a commitment to humanistic education.

An Atlas of Dermatology

The all new<i>Atlas of Dermatology</i>is really a fourth edition of Dr Fry's original<i>Dermatology: An Illustrated Guide</i>, completely revised and updated. The original concept of basing the text on the illustrations continues with this book. Since it is intended for medical students, primary care physicians, and emergency physicians, the emphasis is on diagnosis. It is well known among dermatologists that those who are not highly trained in this specialty often misdiagnose skin conditions. With the wrong diagnosis it is impossible to choose the proper treatment. The place of a text like this is to allow those with minimal training in dermatology to have a pictorial reference to turn to, to validate their diagnoses or at least to give them some-where to begin. The book commences with a nice section on history and examination. This, of course, is the sine qua non of diagnosis in any medical specialty.

Symbolist Landscapes: The Place of Painting in the Poetry and Criticism of Mallarme and His Circle

This thesis has two main aims: to give information about attitudes to painting among the French symbolist poets and critics, 1885-1895 and, from here, to examine the place of painting in the work of three of the most important poets of this period. After introductory remarks on the tradition of inter-arts comparisons in French nineteenth-century aesthetic theory and on the methodological problems raised by the study of such comparisons (together with the inadequacies of previous work on the subject for the period in question), chapter two examines Albert Aurier's definition of pictorial Symbolism in order to show that the reluctance of symbolist poets and painters alike to accept it is based upon differences in attitudes among both groups to the subject-matter of painting. These different attitudes in turn influence interpretations of pictorial form which are studied in chapter three. Particular attention is paid to those poets and critics who seek to assimilate visual values within verbal models of expression as part of a wider search for a synthesis of the arts. The thesis then goes on to study the work of three poets who apply, in their experiments with poetic language the lessons taken from a profound understanding of specific painting. Chapter four discusses Manet’s influence upon Mallarme’s poetic style through a detailed analysis of the changes made by the poet to successive versions of 'L'Apres-midi d'un faune' ; Chapter five, the influence of Seurat's divisionist technique upon the 'vers libre' of Gustave Kahn; chapter six, that of Gauguin's synthetist style upon the abstract poetic language of Alfred Jarry. Through these poets, the thesis attempts to show the extent to which pictorial reference and analogy contributed to certain fundamental developments in modern French poetry.

Illustrations and views of Dutch Ceylon 1602-1796: A comprehensive work of pictorial reference selected eye-witness. By R.K. De Silva and W.G.M. Beumer. pp. viii, 495, front., illus. in col. and bl. and wh. London, Serendib Publications; Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1988.

Illustrations and views of Dutch Ceylon 1602-1796: A comprehensive work of pictorial reference selected eye-witness. By R.K. De Silva and W.G.M. Beumer. pp. viii, 495, front., illus. in col. and bl. and wh. London, Serendib Publications; Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1988.

Atlas of Clinical Ophthalmoscopy

According to the authors, this book was produced to rectify a deficit of fundus atlases in the Italian literature. It has not only achieved this goal but has also added a valuable pictorial reference to the international literature. It contains 616 color photographs and 90 black-and-white illustrations of fluorescein angiograms that depict the normal fundus and a broad spectrum of major intraocular abnormalities. The fundus photographs, photomicrographs, and angiograms are of excellent quality and are beautifully reproduced to provide a stunning panorama of ophthalmoscopic findings. The text fails to match the excellence of the illustrations and varies in clarity, depth, and accuracy in the 11 chapters. This may reflect the participation of 12 coauthors, although one would presume their selection was on the basis of particular expertise in each area. The descriptions and explanations of vascular changes in general, and in diabetic retinopathy in particular, are confusing and deviate from

Illustrations and Views of Dutch Ceylon 1602-1796: A comprehensive work of pictorial reference with Selected eye-witness accounts.

Illustrations and Views of Dutch Ceylon 1602-1796: A comprehensive work of pictorial reference with Selected eye-witness accounts.

Atlas of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases, Including Bronchoesophagology, ed 2

The first edition of this book,<i>Atlas of Otorhinolaryngology and Bronchoesophagology</i>, was published in 1969. It contained over 1,000 photographic illustrations pointing out the salient visual features of various diseases to assist the physician in recognition and diagnosis. The accompanying line drawings and text provided the necessary explanatory and adjunctive information. It became the principal pictorial reference atlas for otolaryngology. This second edition continues the general format and desirable qualities of the first. Pertinent new material has been incorporated and less informative material reduced. The second edition is more concise, with fewer illustrations. This was accomplished by a substantial reduction in photomicrographic and roentgenographic reproductions. Intranasal, sinuscopic, and telescopic nasopharyngoscopy and laryngoscopy photographs have been added. There is increased coverage of secretory otitis and disorders of middle ear aeration, as well as complications of long-term intubation of the larynx and trachea. A section has been added on the formation of

Magic Squares: Concrete to Pictorial to Abstract

Magic squares can be intriguing to students of all ages. However, the usual method of constructing magic squares does not allow children to be successful if they are unable to work efficiently at a very abstract level of performance. The usual approach has the student write numerals in a square array so that sums indicated by each row, column, and diagonal are equal. If the student is not very skilled in addition, the activity is frustrating. If the student has learned most of the addition facts reasonably well, but occasionally needs a concrete or pictorial reference, the activity does not meet that student's needs.