Picrylhydrazyl Radical Scavenging Assay Research Articles

Green and efficient extraction of phenolic compounds from Neem leaves using deep eutectic solvents based ultrasonic-assisted extraction

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) combined with ultrasonic-assisted extraction was employed as an environmentally friendly technique for extracting antioxidant phenolic compounds from Neem leaves in place of organic solvents. Choline chloride-Ethylene glycol (1:2) with 40% V/V water content (DES-1) was investigated as a potential total phenolic content extractant (38.2 ± 1.2 mg GAE/g DW, where GAE: gallic acid equivalent, DW: dry weight). The optimal operational parameters assessed using single-factor experiments to maximize the total phenolic compounds content were as follows: extraction time of 30 min, 40% V/V water content, liquid-solid ratio of 15:1, and room temperature. Additionally, the in-vitro antioxidant experiments (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay) demonstrated the DES-1-based extract of Neem leaves as a potent antioxidant agent, compared to traditional solvents. Moreover, microscopic morphological analysis supported the effectiveness of DES-1 for the noticeable alteration in the fiber surface structure of Neem leaves after extraction which benefited in the release of polyphenols from these leaves. Eventually, the mass analysis of the extract disclosed the presence of eleven polyphenols in the extract. The Green Analytical Procedure Index revealed the greenness of the extraction method.

Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities of Ceiba pentandra (Kapok) Seed Oil

Background: Ceiba pentandra seeds belonging to order Malvalea and the family Malvaceae, commonly known Kapok were evaluated for their phytochemical ingredients and antioxidant activity. Materials and methods: Soxhlet extraction method was used for the extraction of oil, phytochemicals and antioxidant activities of Ceiba pentandra seed oil was estimated by well-known methods. Results: The seed oil was extracted using soxhlet extraction method with analytical grade hexane as refluxing solvent. The oil was thick yellowish in colour having pungent odour with a yield of 40%. Phytochemical constituents and non enzymatic antioxidants showed enhancement in increasing concentration from 25 mg/mL to 100 mg/mL. At 100 mg/mL recorded phytochemical components phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins were 305 μg gallic acid equivalents g-1, 3207 μg quercetin equivalents g-1, 0.34 μg boldine equivalents g-1 and 2041 μg tannic acid equivalents g-1 respectively. The seed oil exhibited striking Diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging Assay (DPPH), Ferric reducing or Antioxidant power assay (FRAP), reducing power assay and Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The measured DPPH activity at 100 mg/mL was 47.56% of inhibition per 50 μL of oil as compared to 45 and 76% of inhibition per 1 mg/mL of Rutin and BHT as positive controls. Observed FRAP ability of Ceiba pentandra seed oil was 309 FRAP units at 100 mg/mL concentration, reducing activity of Ceiba pentandra seed oil was observed at 100 mg/ mL as 20.52 μg of ascorbic acid equivalents per mL of oil. Hydroxy radical scavenging activity of Ceiba pentandra seed oil observed as 39.69% inhibition/0.1 of oil at 100 mg/mL, as compared to positive controls, Ascorbic acid and BHT at 1 mg/mL with percentage of inhibition 75 and 75.6 respectively. Conclusion: The importance of the phytochemical constituents and non-enzymatic activities of Ceiba pentandra seed oil in the maintenance of health is strengthened as trend of the future is moving towards using seed oil as medicine in the management of various chronic diseases.

Antioxidant and gas chromatographic analysis of five varieties of jackfruit (Artocarpus) seed oils

BackgroundThe present effort was to evaluate antioxidant activities and lipid profiling of five varieties of seed oils of the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus integrifolia, Artocarpus hirsutus, Artocarpus incisus, and Artocarpus integer), one of the most ancient fruits indigenous to Western Ghats of India. Materials and methodsSoxhlet extraction method was used for the extraction of oil, antioxidant activities estimated by well-known methods together with, fatty acid composition of jackfruit seed oils were determined with Gas Chromatography. ResultsThe seed oil was extracted using soxhlet extraction method with analytical grade hexane as refluxing solvent. The seed oil exhibited striking Diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging Assay (DPPH), ferric reducing or antioxidant power assay (FRAP), reducing power assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Fatty acid profile was analyzed by comparing retention times of gas chromatogram peaks of test seed oils with that of retention times of the authentic standards. ConclusionArtocarpus seed oils show signs of remarkable antioxidant properties and as priceless food in providing essential fatty acids and its antioxidant activities supportive in the maintenance of health and as medicine in the management of various chronic diseases.

P/922. The radiation chemistryof fluorinated organic compounds: P.Y. Feng (U.S.A.)

The present effort was to evaluate antioxidant activities and lipid profiling of five varieties of seed oils of the jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus integrifolia, Artocarpus hirsutus, Artocarpus incisus, and Artocarpus integer), one of the most ancient fruits indigenous to Western Ghats of India.Soxhlet extraction method was used for the extraction of oil, antioxidant activities estimated by well-known methods together with, fatty acid composition of jackfruit seed oils were determined with Gas Chromatography.The seed oil was extracted using soxhlet extraction method with analytical grade hexane as refluxing solvent. The seed oil exhibited striking Diphenyl picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging Assay (DPPH), ferric reducing or antioxidant power assay (FRAP), reducing power assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Fatty acid profile was analyzed by comparing retention times of gas chromatogram peaks of test seed oils with that of retention times of the authentic standards.Artocarpus seed oils show signs of remarkable antioxidant properties and as priceless food in providing essential fatty acids and its antioxidant activities supportive in the maintenance of health and as medicine in the management of various chronic diseases.