Physiological Weight Gain Research Articles

Specific Parameters of Toxic Reactions in Rats to the Combination of Delamanid and Drugs for Treatment of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (A Pilot Study)

The objective: to evaluate the toxicity of combinations of delamanid and drugs for treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis with different safety profiles in an experiment.Results. During 14 days of the study, the animals of both experimental groups satisfactorily tolerated the administration of drug combinations, no animals died, and no negative impact on body weight changes was observed (physiological weight gain). In rats from Group OG-1, the change in the skin color (orange tint) was noted.This change in the tissue color is an adverse reaction, but according to the literature [4], it is reversible. The prolongation of QT interval on ECG in rats treated with the combination of drugs with cardiotoxic potential (Dlm, Bdq, Cfz, Pto) was insignificant, and with the combination of Dlm, Lzd, Cs, Pto did not differ from the baseline level. The neurotoxicity of the combination of Dlm, Lzd, Cs, Pto combination manifested through a decrease in motor and exploratory activity. A decrease in exploratory activity in rats treated with Dlm, Bdq, Cfz, Pto was observed against the background of the preservation of their motor activity. There were no significant changes in laboratory and morphometric parameters in both experimental groups compared to the control group.

Obesity and Pregnancy: Management and Prevention of Risk Factors (Distance Learning Lecture)

Obesity is an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body, which leads to increase of body weight by 20 % or more. Obesity in women of reproductive age is associated with a number of general somatic and reproductive problems, which lead to a decrease in fertility. Adipose tissue is the site of peripheral synthesis of many hormones, and is also actively involved in the function of the vascular system and the formation of the immune response, therefore, its excess content is accompanied by metabolic, hormonal, vascular and pro-inflammatory disorders. Before pragnancy, an obese patient should be examined to exclude endocrine disorders. The management of preparation of obese women for pregnancy should include: weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity (with diagnosed carbohydrate metabolism disorders), compensation/elimination of endocrine disorders (if any), support of the luteal phase with progesterone drugs.After pregnancy has occured, obese women have an increased risk of congenital fetal anomalies, macrosomia, stillbirth, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth and a number of other complications. Therefore, the management of pregnancy in a patient with overweight or obesity is associated with many difficulties, with an increased risk of developing serious obstetric and somatic complications in such patients. In this regard, the currently generally accepted rules are physiological weight gain within 9–11 kg, constant monitoring of the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus, which should have an individual approach; proper nutrition, increased physical activity, as well as diagnosis and correction of associated conditions and risk factors.

Importance of Early Postnatal Weight Gain for Normal Retinal Angiogenesis in Very Preterm Infants

To assess WINROP (https://winrop.com), an algorithm using postnatal weight measurements, as a tool for the prediction of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in a large geographically and racially diverse study population. WINROP analysis was performed retrospectively on conventionally at-risk infants from 10 neonatal intensive careunits.Weight measurements were entered into WINROP, which signals an alarm for an abnormal weight gain rate. Infants were classified into categories of no alarm (unlikely to develop type 1ROP)and alarm (at risk for developing type 1ROP).Use of WINROP requires that an infant has (1) gestational age less than 32 weeks at birth, (2) weekly weight measurements,(3) physiologic weight gain,and(4)absence of other pathologic retinal vascular disease. A total of 1706 infants with a median gestational age of 28 weeks (range, 22-31 weeks) and median birth weight of 1016 g (range, 378-2240 g) were included in the study analysis. An alarm occurred in 1101 infants (64.5%), with a median time from birth to alarm of 3 weeks (range, 0-12 weeks) and from alarm to treatment of 8 weeks (range, 1 day to 22 weeks). The sensitivity of WINROP was 98.6% and the negative predictive value was 99.7%. Two infants with type 1 ROP requiring treatment after 40 weeks' postmenstrual age did not receive an alarm. The WINROP system is a useful adjunct for ROP screening that identifies high-risk infants early to optimize care and potentially reduce the overall number of diagnostic ROP examinations.