Physiological Quality Of Seeds Research Articles

Physiological quality of sunflower seeds under water stressed conditions

Water is one of the factors that most influences the seed germination process; however, its excess can cause injuries to cell membranes due to rapid imbibition. On the other hand, water restriction limits seed germination, promoting a reduction in cell water potential that disrupts physiological and metabolic reactions. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of sunflower seeds subjected to water stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000). The experimental design used was completely randomized, consisting of six treatments consisting of osmotic potentials (0; -0.3; -0.6; -0.9; -1.2; and -1.5 MPa) simulated with aqueous solutions of PEG 6000. Germination, radicle protrusion, first count, germination speed index, abnormal seedlings, shoot length, and root length were evaluated. Water stress induced by PEG 6000 solutions affects the physiological quality of sunflower seeds, being proportional to the reduction of osmotic potential. Germination and seed vigor decrease under water stress conditions from an osmotic potential of -0.4 MPa, with the most negative potentials (-1.2 and -1.5 MPa) preventing seed germination.

Relationship Between Chemical Treatment of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Seeds and Synthesis of Antioxidant Enzymes

This research aimed to assess the relationship between chemical treatment with different combinations of products and the physiological quality of seeds stored for 0 and 180 days. The experimental design adopted was the completely randomized (CRD), with four replications. The treatments consisted of the “cultivar”, “seed treatments” and “storage periods” factors. To characterize the quality of the seeds, lignin quantification analysis, peroxidase activity analysis, catalase activity analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out. The physiological quality of the seeds decreases as the storage period increases. The lignin present in the seed coat of cultivar TMG 7061 IPRO provided greater protection compared to cultivar 7067. The images referring to cultivar 7067 showed morphological changes resulting from damage caused by the treatment and storage of the seeds.

Relationship Between Chemical Treatment of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Seeds and Synthesis of Antioxidant Enzymes

This research aimed to assess the relationship between chemical treatment with different combinations of products and the physiological quality of seeds stored for 0 and 180 days. The experimental design adopted was the completely randomized (CRD), with four replications. The treatments consisted of the “cultivar”, “seed treatments” and “storage periods” factors. To characterize the quality of the seeds, lignin quantification analysis, peroxidase activity analysis, catalase activity analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out. The physiological quality of the seeds decreases as the storage period increases. The lignin present in the seed coat of cultivar TMG 7061 IPRO provided greater protection compared to cultivar 7067. The images referring to cultivar 7067 showed morphological changes resulting from damage caused by the treatment and storage of the seeds.

Evaluation of the sanitary and physiological quality of corn seeds (Zea mays) submitted to treatment with bioextracts and their binary combinations

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the application of bioextracts on seeds of creole corn, regarding their physiological and sanitary quality. The bioextracts of garlic (Allium sativum L), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus), cloves (Caryophilus aromaticus), ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe), and their binary combinations were evaluated. Regarding the physiological quality of the seeds, the following parameters were evaluated: first germination (G1), germination (G), dry mass and seedling length (aerial and root). Regarding sanitary control, in vitro tests were carried out for the pathology of the seeds for Fusarium sp. and Aspergillus sp. The results of physiological quality showed a germination rate between 90.8-76.4% of the creole corn seeds treated with bioextracts and their combinations did not differ significantly from the control (84.9%), except when clove alone (3.0% of germination) was used. The results of dry mass, length of shoots and root plants followed a similar trend to that observed for germination analysis. Regarding sanity, the best result was obtained with clove bioextract, which completely inhibited the occurrence of Penicillium sp. Therefore, these studies allow to affirm that bioextracts can be efficient in controlling pathogens and maintaining the physiological quality of creole corn seeds.

Correlation between the quality and health of maize (Zea mays) seeds with flint and floury endosperms produced in the Central Highland Valley of Mexico

The assessment of physiological quality and health in maize seeds is crucial for selecting high-quality genotypes suitable for planting. However, this quality can vary due to different variables, including genotype or endosperm composition. Therefore, the present study aimed to establish a relationship between the physiological quality and health of the nine evaluated maize genotypes. Special attention was given to the dimensions of flint and floury endosperms, following protocols described by ISTA. Additionally, the study aimed to understand the interaction between each assessed variable and its influence on the performance of crops adapted to the Central High Valleys region of Mexico. The results of this study demonstrated that seeds with flint endosperms exhibited superiority in their physiological quality and health compared to those with floury endosperms.

Physiological Quality of Treated and Stored Barley Seeds

Industrial seed treatment (IST) is used in some grain crops. However, the products used often impair the quality of seeds, especially insecticides. In the case of barley seeds, investigative studies on the use of IST are scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of IST with the fungicide (Iprodione) and insecticide (Thiamethoxan) products, mixed or not, on the physiological quality of barley seeds, before and after storage for two months. A completely randomized design was used, in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of four combinations of applications carried out via IST on barley seeds, of chemical pesticides (fungicide/insecticide), alone or in mixtures, as follows: {T1 – fungicide Iprodione (Rovral); T2 – Thiamethoxan insecticide (Cruizer); T3 – mixture of fungicide/insecticide products (Iprodione + Thiamethoxan); T4 – Control)}, submitted to storage for two months, with evaluations carried out at T0 (treated and analyzed seeds) and T1 (treated seeds stored for 60 days). The following tests were carried out: water content, germination, first count, accelerated aging, seedling length, seedling dry mass. It was concluded that the germination of barley seeds treated with the fungicide Iprodione (Rovral®) and the insecticide Thiamethoxan (Cruizer®), alone and in a mixture applied via IST, maintained the physiological quality of the seeds within the standards for commercialization until 60 days of storage. The use of the insecticide Thiamethoxan (Cruizer®) via IST showed greater damage to the physiology of barley seeds during storage (60 days), applied alone or in a mixture with the fungicide Iprodione (Rovral ®).

Physiological quality of white oat seeds produced with Nitrogen, Iron and Zinc biofortification

The main function of the seed is the perpetuation of the species, which means it is able to disperse to new environments and give rise to new plants. The use of high quality seeds is one of the determining factors for the establishment of the crop and is directly related to maximum germination potential and vigor, resulting in uniformity of the plant stand. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the physiological quality of white oat seeds produced under different nitrogen management and foliar biofortification with iron and zinc. In the second week of June 2021, white oat cultivar URS Corona was sown in plots of 5 lines, 5 m long each and spacing between lines of 0.20 m, totaling an experimental unit of 5 m². The treatments consisted of different doses of biofortification with Iron and Zinc applied foliarly to the plant when the inflorescence was exposed, at the beginning of grain filling. For biofortification, the source of iron used was the compound of FeSO4 7H2O and zinc, ZnSO4 5H2O was used, each nutrient was applied separately and the combination of iron + zinc at doses of 0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 g ha-1, and to aplication of nitrogen use ureia 45%. Applications were carried out with a knapsack sprayer, in a spray volume of 500 liters ha-1. The experiment was harvested 130 days after emergence, in the full maturation phase, at phenological stage 90, according to the ZADOKS scale. The tests carried out to evaluate the physiological quality of the seeds were: first germination count, germination, accelerated aging, root length, shoot length, total length, seedling dry mass and electrical conductivity. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% probability of error. For the variables that showed a significant effect, an average test was carried out for qualitative sources of variation and polynomial regression for quantitative sources of variation with a 5% probability of error, carried out with the aid of the GENES software. From the evaluations, it was concluded that the use of foliar biofortification with iron and zinc alone or in combination, aplication with nitrogen influenced the physiological quality of white oat seeds.

Biopriming of cayenne seed (Capsicum frutescens L.) using Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) - producing fluorescent pseudomonads to increase germination and growth of seeds

Capsicum frutescens L. is one of the horticultural commodities that plays an important role as food and industrial raw materials. The amount of chili consumption continues to increase, so its production requires quality seeds. The physiological quality of seeds can be improved, one of which is by using fluorescent pseudomonads as biopriming. The fluorescent pseudomonads LAHLS1, LAHT1, LAHCS2, and PfPb3 produced Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) with concentrations between 5.37 to 20.31 ppm, and were significantly different. Biopriming of C. frutescens L. seeds using different fluorescent pseudomonad isolates affected the percentage of germination, wet weight and dry weight of C. frutescens L. seedlings. Fluorescent pseudomonads LAHLS1, LAHT1, LAHCS2, and PfPb3 can increase the percentage of C. frutescens L. seed germination up to 100%. The highest seedling wet weight (43.52 mg) was found in seed biopriming using fluorescent pseudomonad LAHLS1 and the lowest was control (12.33 mg). The highest seedling dry weight (4.40 mg) was found in seed biopriming using fluorescent pseudomonad LAHLS1, and the lowest was control (0.93 mg). The results showed the potential use of IAA-producing fluorescent pseudomonads in increasing the percentage of seed germination and influencing the growth of C. frutescens L. seedlings based on observations of wet weight and dry weight of seeds.

The physiological quality of Vigna unguiculata L. seeds shows tolerance to salinity.

Salinity reduces feijão-caupi production, and the search for tolerant varieties becomes important within the agricultural context, as, in addition to being used in the field, they can be used in genetic improvement. The objective was to for a identify variety that is tolerant to salinity considering the physiological quality of seeds and seedling growth. A 2 × 4 factorial scheme was used, referring to the varieties Pingo-de-ouro and Coruja, and four electrical conductivities of water (0; 3.3; 6.6 and 9.9 dS m-1). The physiological quality of seeds and the growth of seedlings were analyzed, in addition to the cumulative germination. The Pingo-de-ouro variety showed no germination, length of the shoot and root, dry mass of the shoot and root compromised up to electrical conductivity of 6 dS m-1 in relation to 0.0 dS m-1. On the other hand, the Coruja variety showed reduced germination, increased shoot and root length. The creole variety Pingo-de-ouro proved to be tolerant to salinity.

Criopreservação de sementes de Adenium obesum em nitrogênio líquido

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate cryoprotectants on the physiological quality of Adenium obesum seeds preserved in liquid nitrogen. The following treatments were used: T1, control, without cryoprotectant and without immersion in liquid nitrogen; T2, with immersion in liquid nitrogen and without cryoprotectant; T3, with 0. 4 mol L-1 sucrose; T4, with 0.8 mol L-1 sucrose; T5, with 1.0 mol L-1 glycerol; T6, with 2.0 mol L-1 glycerol with PVS1; T7, with PVS1; T8, with PVS2; T9, with PVS2 + phloroglucinol (modified PVS2); and T10, with PVS3. Adenium obesum seeds show tolerance to immersion and storage in liquid nitrogen and do not need cryoprotectants to maintain their physiological quality when stored in a water content of 7.5%.

Physiological quality of seeds of Coffea canephora from early and late clones during maturation

Physiological quality of seeds of Coffea canephora from early and late clones during maturation

Interaction of Seedling-Pathogens with Physiological Seed Quality Affecting Soybean Emergence and Seedling Growth

Interaction of Seedling-Pathogens with Physiological Seed Quality Affecting Soybean Emergence and Seedling Growth

Physiological quality, lignin and the ultrastructural characterization of soybean seeds

In soybeans, the integument or seed coat is an important modulator between the external and internal environment. It plays a fundamental role in seed vitality, and its lignin content may influence the seed quality. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the quality of soybean seeds from a partial diallel and their reciprocals and its relationship with lignin content, seed coat thickness, and deposition location. The seeds were also evaluated for physiological quality through germination and accelerated aging tests. The lignin content was quantified by absorbance, and the integument thickness was analyzed and measured using scanning electron microscopy. The most contrasting cultivars for lignin content were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy and histochemical techniques. Cultivars and their reciprocals differed in seed physiological quality. We found differences in the genotypes for integument thickness. Using histochemical techniques, autofluorescence was observed in the same regions identified as lignified. Positive staining for lignin was observed in the hilum region. Among the genotypes, we found variations in the physiological quality of seeds (germination and accelerated aging test), lignin content, and integument thickness.

Physical and physiological indicators of the quality of soursop seeds (Annona muricata L.)

Objective: The present study aimed to carry out the analysis of the physical and physiological quality of soursop seeds, since there is very little information on the subject. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The material was collected at physiological maturity. The seeds were extracted from fruits in commercial maturity. They were subjected to a physical and physiological quality analysis: physical purity, humidity content of the seed, weight of 1000 seeds, integrity test of the seed with the X-ray equipment, evaluation of germination and the evaluation of viability by the tetrazolium method. A completely randomized experimental design was used in all the physical quality variables and tetrazolium tests. Other hand, a completely randomized factorial design (3x7) was used in the germination evaluation. Results: The viability results obtained by the tetrazolium method showed over 59% viable seeds, while in the germination test with the germinative pretreatments only 11.33% germination was obtained in the seeds from which the cover was removed. Findings/ Conclusions: Therefore, it was concluded that the moment of obtaining the plant material is important for its germination.

Effect of Seed Priming Treatments on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

By reducing seed dormancy, seed priming is an effective way to increase bitter gourd seed germination and vigor. To ascertain the impact of seed priming treatment on the physiological quality of bitter gourd seeds, an experiment was carried out in the spring. In a single factorial randomized full block design with three replications, seeds were sowed on 28 celled seed treys for this experiment in an open field setting. Water, cow milk, cow urine, NANO urea, nutrition solution, NaCl solution, and untreated seed were all used as priming agents. Bitter gourd seeds of the Durga variety were sowed, and soil, vermicompost, and sand were used as the growing media in a 2:1:1 ratio. The experiment examined various metrics, including germination rate, germination index, seedling vigor index, root and leaf length, plant height, number of leaves and roots, root-to-shoot ratio, and fresh weight. The treatments including germination % were all found to be positively influenced by the priming. In hydro-priming, the highest germination rate (81.96%) was noted. On hydro-priming, the highest number of roots (11), was recorded. Maximum shoot diameter (0.34 cm) and fresh weight (2.41 g) were recorded under controlled treatment and hydro priming, respectively. The study comes to the conclusion that Durga hydro priming followed by halo priming in seed trays was shown to be effective for seed germination and seedling growth. As a result, Nepali farmers can prime bitter gourd seeds using tap water and a NaCl solution.

Physiological quality of soybean seeds produced under different spatial arrangements of plants

The present study aimed to evaluate the physiological effect of seeds on soybean genotypes in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul. The test was developed in the field, in two agricultural crops, on a farm located in the District of Monte Bonito - Pelotas (RS, Brazil), in eutrophic haplic planosol soil, with geographic coordinates 31° 40' 27"S and 52°23' 28 "W. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments involving two factors: factor A - 3 soybean genotypes (NA 5909 RR (super early, growth indeterminate and maturation group A), NS 6006 IPRO (high grain weight, growth indeterminate and maturation group B 5.9), and NS 5959 IPRO (precocity, indeterminate growth and maturation group C) and factor B - 4 line spacing (0.17; 0.30; 0.45 and 0.60 meters). The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (3x4) with four blocks. The plant population used was 330.000 plants ha-1. The evaluations of the physiological performance of seeds were germination, first germination count, length and dry matter of aerial part, root, and a total of seedlings, accelerated aging, and emergence in the field. Soybean plants better distributed in the cultivation area, in spacings of 0.17 and 0.30 meters, present greater plant height, stem diameter, and productive performance.the only genotype that presented a reduction in germination as the row spacing increased was 'NS 6006 IPRO', resulting in seeds with lower germination in the spacings of 0.45 and 0.60 m compared to the other genotypes under study. The reduction in the spacings, 0.17 and 0.30 meters, produced seeds with better physiological quality, evidenced in years with rain preceding the harvest.

Corn seeds of different sizes under drying methods and storage periods

The seed is the main input in the production process of the corn crop, and the drying process is crucial for maintaining the physiological quality and longevity of the seeds. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the physiological potential of hybrid corn seeds retained in different sieves under drying methods and storage periods. The experiment was conducted with corn seeds of the hybrid Balu 280 PRO, in a completely randomized design, with eight replications of 50 seeds, in a 5 × 2 × 2 factorial scheme, with retention sieves (24 M, 22 M, 20 M, 18 M, and 20 R), drying methods (traditional drying and gas drying) and storage periods (0 and 365 days). The variables analyzed were viability and vigor, based on germination and cold tests, respectively. Data were submitted for variance analysis using the F test (p<0.05) and means were compared using the Tukey test (p<0.05). For non-stored seeds, traditional and gas drying methods are independent for maintaining the viability and vigor of corn seeds. For seeds under 1 year of storage, the traditional drying method is better than gas drying to maintain the physiological quality of corn seeds, but the commercial standard is maintained in both methods. In both traditional and gas drying methods, seed storage favors the reduction of germination and vigor of corn seeds. Seeds retained on 22 M, 20 M, and 20 R sieves have greater vigor when compared to seeds retained on 18 M sieves.

The role of the biochemical composition of soybean seeds in the tolerance to deterioration under natural and artificial aging

The fast decline in the physiological quality of seeds during storage is a serious problem. It is known that the reduction of seed quality may be related to its biochemical constitution. However, the relationship between the composition and the mechanisms linked to the loss of vigor of soybean seeds during aging has not been elucidated yet. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the role of the biochemical composition of soybean seeds in the physiological quality and in the tolerance to deterioration due to natural and artificial aging. Seeds of six soybean genotypes were analyzed initially and after being submitted to natural aging, storage for eight months, and artificial aging, using the temperature of 41 °C and 100 % relative humidity for 96 h. Moisture content, germination and vigor tests were carried out. Also, there were measured the content of oil, total protein, soluble protein, malonaldehyde, and fatty acids palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic. It was verified that the physiological quality of soybean seeds decreased with both kinds of aging. However, the deterioration process occurs by distinct mechanisms. The biochemical composition of the seeds is associated with the physiological quality and their storage potential is changed by natural and artificial aging. The tolerance of the seed to deterioration is related to soluble protein and fatty acids content. Oleic fatty acid and soluble protein can be used as indicators of physiological quality in soybean seeds.

Physiological quality of seeds of Mimosa bimucronata (DC) O. KTZE. subjected to different types of drying

Despite its potential, to date, work has not been carried out to identify the ideal drying conditions for Mimosa bimucronata (DC) O. Kuntze. Considering the scarcity of information on the drying process of this species, this work was with the objective of evaluating the sensitivity to desiccation by means of drying on activated silica gel (fast) and under laboratory conditions (slow). Rapid drying with silica was performed. For slow drying, the seeds were placed in plastic containers without lids, both at room temperature. Every hour, the seeds were weighed until reaching the pre-established points (30, 25, 20, 15 and 10%). The variables analyzed were: water content, first germination count, germination, germination speed index, dry mass and seedling length. The seeds of M. bimucronata (DC) show orthodox behavior, withstanding desiccation at levels below 15%. The desiccation of seeds at very low levels impairs the formation of seedlings, preventing their normal development.

Physiological quality of soybean seeds as a function of organic-mineral fertilizers

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of soybean cultivars as a function of doses and sources of organomineral fertilizers. The experimental design was randomized blocks arranged in a split-split plot, with three replications. In the main plots, the treatments consisted of two soybean cultivars (BRASMAX Bônus IPRO and BRASMAX Olimpo IPRO), and in the subplot, the treatments consisted of three phosphate fertilizers [two organomineral fertilizers manufactured and a phosphate fertilizer (simple superphosphate)]. In the subplot, doses of 0 (control), 50 and 100 kg of P2O5 per ha-1 were used. The following parameters: moisture content, emergence, total dry weight, germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and seed sanity were used in current investigation. The use of organomineral fertilizers resulted in positive effects on the physiological quality of soybean seeds, although the incidence of the pathogens Cercospora sp., Aspergillus niger, and Rizoctonia sp. were larger. The combinations of the factors “BRASMAX Bônus IPRO + 50 kg of P2O5 per ha-1 + ORG1 or ORG2” and “BRASMAX Olimpo IPRO + 100 kg of P2O5 per ha-1 + ORG2” were associated with greater physiological and sanitary quality of the seeds of soybean.