Physiognomy Research Articles

Perception of Family and Non-Family Company Logos in Eye Tracking and Face Reading Studies

Theoretical background: This article continues the research on the use of eye tracking and face reading tools to analyze and meaning of visual and emotional activity in the marketing field. This research focuses on understanding how different elements of the visual identity of companies, both family-owned and non-family-owned, affect consumer perception and emotion. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the study was to identify and characterize differences in the perception of logos of family and non-family businesses. The work aimed to determine whether family brands evoke stronger emotional and visual engagement compared to non-family brands. Research methods: The paper presents the methodology and results of the completed research on the elements of visual identity of family and non-family businesses. The study was carried out using eye tracking (eye tracking) and monitoring of respondents’ facial expressions (face reading). Data on respondents’ visual activity and facial expression were collected in parallel and subjected to qualitative analysis. Main findings: The results of the study confirm that consumers show greater emotional involvement in exploring family brands. They registered a higher percentage of positive emotions and a longer time of focusing their eyes on logos of family-owned companies compared to logos of non-family-owned companies. This analysis provides valuable information for marketing strategies, indicating the importance of family identity in building positive brand associations.

Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Emotional Memory and “Face Reading”: a Neurobiological Approach and Clinical Aspects

The ability to adequately perceive and recognize emotions is a key and universal tool in interpersonal communication, which allows people to understand feelings, intentions, and emotional reactions of themselves and others. Throughout their life, people have to make inferences about mental state of others by interpreting subtle social signals, such as facial expressions, to understand or predict others’ behavior, which is crucial in constructive social interactions. Therefore, emotional memory associated with the ability to identify emotions based on one’s life experience is the cornerstone of social cognition and interpersonal relationships. Oxytocin and vasopressin are neurohypophysial peptides that have attracted scientific attention due to their role in the emotional and social aspects of behavior. Variable and contrasting effects of oxytocin and vasopressin may be related to the sites of the brain where they exert their activity. Aim. This review aimed to evaluate neural mechanisms underlying oxytocin-mediated and vasopressin-mediated modulation of emotional memory; to assess how cerebral oxytocin-signal and vasopressin-signal transduction mediates emotional and social behavior; to discuss the role of the two neuropeptides in non-verbal interpersonal communication; and to present their cerebral effects in relation to an ability for “face reading” in patients with mental disorders.

명론(命論)을 활용한 영화 <관상> 분석

Analyze the film <The Face Reader> using the principles of Eastern philosophy. First, we examine the character of Sky, who represents fate in the movie. Sky embodies the concept of “Deokbokbulilchi” (the discrepancy between virtue and fate). Unlike the ideal “moral Sky” associated with benevolence and virtue, the film’s Sky lacks reciprocity in virtue and only responds with wrath. This discrepancy is influenced by the concept of “Fate Sky”, which dictates that fate must inevitably unfold. Next, we observe the transformation of the film’s main character, Kim Naekyung, in the context of the “Deokbokbulilchi” and “Fate Sky”. Initially, Naekyung acknowledges fate but emphasizes individual actions. However, as the story progresses, he transitions to accepting fate with equanimity. Overall, <The Face Reader> follows the grand narrative of fate, with little emphasis on individual actions. This philosophical analysis highlights the ethical implications of fate and personal relationships.

Everything Under Control? The Impact of Electronic Monitoring Type and Social Norms on Privacy and Reactance

Abstract: Digitalization enables continuous monitoring of not only work processes but also employees’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioral activities. This study investigated how different types of electronic monitoring affect employees’ privacy and reactance and how social norms regarding electronic monitoring (opposition or support) shape these reactions. In a scenario study, we found higher privacy invasion and reactance when not solely screen time was monitored, but screen activity via screenshots or social interactions via face reader. The social norm did not influence these relations. However, we found strong compliance with the social norm of rejecting electronic monitoring, indicating a strong negative attitude toward electronic monitoring. The results suggest that invasiveness of electronic performance monitoring beyond screen time monitoring is perceived as high privacy-invasive and comparatively reactance-evoking.

Investigating Senior High School Students’ Metacognition in Indonesian Learning Reading Comprehension: Does it Have a Positive Impact?

Metacognition and reading comprehension skills are believed to influence students' academic success. However, many studies report that students' understanding of texts is still low even though they have been able to read fluently. This study aims to investigate and describe students' metacognitive awareness in reading comprehension learning activities and the effect of metacognition on reading comprehension skills. The research method used is a mixed-method by utilizing the descriptive and quantitative correlational analysis results. The research subjects involved were 280 students and eight Indonesian language teachers from eight senior high schools. The research data was obtained from the observations of reading learning activities, interviews, distributing questionnaires, and reading skills tests. The results showed that most students did not know the right reading strategy for themselves. Overall, students have not been able to conclude the goals and benefits of learning to read comprehension for their lives, behave passively in learning, and have not been able to identify solutions to face reading comprehension difficulties according to their characteristics. Based on the results of correlational calculations, metacognition was positively correlated with students' reading comprehension skills. This study recommends that teachers and curriculum designers emphasize the components of metacognitive awareness activity for improving students' reading comprehension skills.

Use of face reading to measure oral processing behaviour and its relation to product perception

Food texture can influence sensory perception and eating behaviour; it can be managed to affect intake, by inducing higher expected satiety and satiation, and eventually reducing overeating. The objective of this work was to assess face reading as an automatic measure of oral processing behaviour of products with different texture modifications, aimed at reducing intake. Three oat breads with different textural properties were used as a case study. A trained panel used Temporal Dominance of Sensations to describe dynamic sensory profiles of the breads and were simultaneously video recorded; the videos were analysed by FaceReader (intake, chewing motions, chewing period). The parameters extracted through face reading showed significant differences among the breads in duration of chewing period and number of chewing motions, which can be interpreted together with the TDS results. A consumer test (n = 135) was conducted on the breads, where participants evaluated overall liking, expected satiation and satiety, and answered a Check-All-That-Apply question including sensory and non-sensory attributes. Results indicated that the samples were significantly different in terms of liking, expected satiation and satiety and that consumers described samples in CATA question in line with the panel. Results interpreted together allowed the identification of the dynamic textural properties responsible for enhancing satiety and satiation expectations. Methodological implications are discussed throughout the paper. The novelty of the study is to show that automatic measures of oral processing behaviour by face reading, can be linked to self-reported explicit measures of satiety, opening the door to larger studies, unfeasible using manual annotation.

Analysis of Learners' Emotions in E-Learning Environments Based on Cognitive Sciences

The present study aimed to examine students’ emotions in e-learning classes through facial expressions and investigate the influence of different instructional methods on students’ emotional responses. In this study, we examined the facial expressions of 17 undergraduate students using three different methods of presenting educational content (PowerPoint, video, and Kahoot) in online classes and analyzed the data with face reader software. The findings demonstrated that students experienced various positive and negative emotions with different methods of content delivery. Furthermore, comparing the three methods revealed that the Kahoot method elicited the highest average of positive emotions among students compared to the other two methods. This difference can be attributed to the visual attractiveness and interactive nature of the Kahoot environment. Additionally, this study highlights that simply incorporating multimedia materials, such as PowerPoint presentations and videos, is not sufficient to enhance effectiveness and cultivate positive emotions in e-learning. While multimedia materials serve as supportive tools and enhance visualization, interaction at various levels (content, teacher, peers, etc.) is necessary. Nevertheless, the significance of this research lies in the innovative application of a tool for analyzing emotions in online learning classrooms, thereby enhancing the measurement of genuine and objective emotional responses in e-learning environments.

Human Face Emotion in 3D Using Machine Learning

Abstract: Emotion detection, which is an effortless task for humans, is complex to perform on machines. The interaction between human beings and computers are very natural if computers can be able to perceive and respond to human nonverbal communication such as emotions. This project targets to develop a multi-modal emotion detection web app that utilizes advanced computer vision, speech, and natural language processing (NLP) techniques to accurately identify and track human emotions in images, and video streams. Automatic emotions recognition is based on face expressions is a engaging discipline, which has several areas such as safety, health and in human interaction interfaces. Utilizing neural networks in conjunction with feature e traction techniques enables the recognition of various facial emotions such s happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and neutrality through analysis of facial expressions.. So it is very important to detect these emotions on the face. Human beings are can capable to produce thousands of face reactions during communication that can be vary in Depth, Strength, and Significance. We are using Convolutional Neural Network(CNN), to extract features from image to detect emotions and RNN and classify facial emotions. CNN is very effective for emotions recognition task. They can extract features from input image, and a real time video and then use these features to train a classifier. Facial expression analysis software like Face Reader is ideal for collecting this emotion data.

Multimedia Educational Complex “Pushkin on the Interactive Reading Lesson”: Methodology, Structure and Possibilities of Use

The article presents a new project of the Pushkin Institute “Creation of a multimedia educational complex ‘Pushkin on an interactive reading lesson’ ” made for the anniversary of the great poet with the financial (grant) support of the “Russian World” Foundation. The author’s methodology of teaching fiction reading used in the project is described, according to which more than 60 online reading lessons have already been created, posted on the website of the course “Reading Lessons, a holiday that is always with you”, and at least 200 scenarios of face-to face reading lessons, as well as corrections that were made during the creation process the jubilee Pushkin project. Th ese corrections concerned the methodological preparation of a literary text for educational activities (dividing the text into parts and creating four lessons) and the organization of work with linguistic and cultural objects. The article contains a detailed overview of the structure of the multimedia complex, which includes the following components: a cycle of four online text reading lessons according to the text of the story by Pushkin “The Squire’s Daughter” in the versions “For Readers and Teachers” (8 lessons in total), four offline reading lessons (in the format of mobile applications) and additional resources to them (pdf application with creative tasks and a mobile application with a filword, as well as the text of the story in three formats — video, audio and pdf. All components of the multimedia complex are available on the illustrated website of the project, which in turn does not just serve as a place to place all the components of the complex, but performs a meaningful role, creating a special atmosphere, immersing the reader in the magical Pushkin world. In the final part of the article, the target groups of potential users of the project are indicated, as well as various possibilities for using the multimedia project in educational activities are proposed.

Hybrid AI-based Voice Authentication

Biometric authentication systems reveal individuals' physical or behavioral uniqueness and identify them by comparing them with existing records. Today, many biometric recognition systems, such as fingerprint reading, palm reading, and face reading, are being studied and used. The human voice is also among the techniques used for this purpose. Due to this feature, the human voice performs secure transactions and authentication in various fields. Based on these voice features, we used a dataset of 66,569 voice recordings. The voice recordings were revised to include six sentences of at least six words each from 24 different people to get the maximum benefit from the dataset. The voices in the reduced dataset were labeled as sentences belonging to the same person and sentences belonging to different people and converted into matrix form. A biometric recognition study resulted in a correlation score of 0.88. As a result of these processes, the feasibility of a voice biometric recognition system with artificial intelligence has been demonstrated.

The role of emotions in public goods games with and without punishment opportunities

We consider the emotional correlates of activity in the Public Good game when monetary and non-monetary punishments are available, and when no punishment is possible. In our experiment, emotions are measured using Face Reading software that tracks the emotional content of facial expressions in real time. When no punishment is possible, greater anger and more negative emotional valence correlate with learning that one has contributed more than others. Lower valence and happiness, in turn, are associated with reducing one's cooperation in the next period. When non-monetary punishment in the form of expressed disapproval is possible, positive emotional valence is associated with cooperation, punishment of free-riders, and an increase in cooperation from one period to the next. Negative valence, on the other hand, is associated with the receipt of punishment, suggesting that the expression of disapproval inherent in the non-monetary punishment was well understood and had an effect on the emotions of the recipient. The data support the conjecture that the reinforcement that positive emotion provides is what allows non-monetary punishment to increase cooperation. In contrast, when monetary punishment is available, emotional correlates are less consistent, suggesting that monetary punishment is less reliant on emotions to be effective.

Optimized hybrid deep learning pipelines for processing heterogeneous facial expression datasets

Emotions, central to human experience, have been categorized through various theories. Biological theories, such as the James-Lange model, suggest that physiological reactions are the precursors to emotions. Cognitive theories, as highlighted by the Schachter-Singer model, argue that emotions emerge from a combination of physiological responses and cognitive appraisal. Evolutionary theories, rooted in Darwin's work, view emotions as adaptive mechanisms that have evolved to promote survival. In the realm of psychology, expressing emotions via facial expressions is termed face reading, a vital communication method. With the swift advancement of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) across various fields, they are increasingly used to derive exclusive features for automated Facial Expression Prediction and Recognition (FEPR). This research employs a Three-staged Deep Learning (TsDL) strategy for FEPR. Recognizing the pivotal role of datasets in determining system performance, we incorporate both laboratory-controlled and real-world data. Initially, the Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) model, leveraging datasets like CK+ and Radboud Faces Database (RFD), is introduced. This model successfully identifies expressions across seven categories with an accuracy of 92.15 %. Subsequently, another model based on the Attention-Long Short Term Memory (A-LSTM) is trained using the Real-world Affective Face Database, given its capability to manage spatio-temporal features. The TsDL approach predicts and classifies six primary emotions, achieving an 89.22 % accuracy rate. In the culmination of our work, we harness Ensemble Learning Strategies to craft a refined hybrid model, ensuring systematic performance and optimal accuracy. The diverse theoretical perspectives on emotions greatly enrich our comprehension, especially when developing our FEPR model.

Pixel, Partition, Persona: Machine Vision and Face Recognition in Kazuo Ishiguro’s <i>Klara and the Sun</i>

This article examines the relationship between machine vision, face recognition and affect in Kazuo Ishiguro’s speculative fiction novel Klara and the Sun (2021). It explores the ways that Ishiguro’s novel enacts, stages, and dramatises cognitive and emotional acts of comprehension and empathy through ‘face reading’. The article takes up Guillemette Bolen’s theorisation of ‘kinesic imagination’ and Sianne Ngai’s concept of ‘ugly feelings’ to investigate the affective and representational dilemmas of technological face recognition in speculative fiction. Through the careful treatment of literary language, itself a complex response to rapidly evolving technology, Klara and the Sun presents instances of affective subtlety, hesitation, ambiguity, mutability, confusion and deficit to solicit an emotional response in the reader concerning the sociotechnical reception and future possibilities of machine vision and facial recognition technologies. In this way, Ishiguro’s novel offers a timely challenge to the algorithmic design principles of face-recognition technology due to its complex affective (rather than purely categorical) treatment of both human and non-human faces.

Smart Door Lock Menggunakan Identifikasi Wajah dan Bot Telegram Sebagai Kendali Jarak Jauh Berbasis IoT

Technological advances are expected to be able to meet growing human needs. One of the things that needs to be considered is door security, and one method to achieve this level of security is by utilizing technology. This research will explore the working principles of door locks that adopt facial identification as an alternative to conventional keys. In this research, conventional keys will be replaced by a facial identification system that operates based on a specified command sequence. The data resulting from the facial identification process will be collected by the ESP32-CAM device, then transferred to the computer to be compared with the available data. The computer uses the Arduino IDE programming language. This research will adopt quantitative methods, which include literature study and direct observation as data collection techniques. The collected data will be analyzed to reach conclusions. In this research, Telegram is also used as a means of remote control which will connect automatically when the system is activated and will be processed by the NodeMCU-ESP8266. The results of this research show that the ESP32-CAM can identify faces with a response time of between 2.69 s – 3.24 s and the distance for face reading is up to a maximum distance of 80 cm. Test results on Telegram show that the response time obtained by the Telegram bot to control the key on the NodeMCU-ESP8266 is between 4.19 s – 4.48 s for each different location.

Physiognomic theories between equation and inference

Abstract Physiognomy finds itself in a strange position. On the one hand, it is considered false and even dangerous by common sense as a pseudo-scientific theory; on the other hand, it is implicitly practiced by everyone every day (Brandt 1980. Face reading. The persistence of physiognomy. Psychology Today 14(7). 90–96). This situation calls for an explanation. After a brief discussion of the problems of classical physiognomic theories, I will show how they embody the equational model of the sign and how this perspective helps in the understanding of why physiognomy have proved to be false. I will then introduce two recent articles by Dumouchel (2022. Making faces. Topoi 41. 631–639) and Crippen and Rolla (2022. Faces and situational agency. Topoi 41. 659–670) that address the perception of faces from a situated and ecological point of view. I will argue that these theories embody the inferential model of the sign, thus paving the way for a new science of the face.

Introduction to “The visage as text”

Abstract This brief text introduces the main themes and topics of this collection of articles on “The visage as text: physiognomy, semiotics, and face reading from antiquity to artificial intelligence,” emphasizing the historical continuity of interest in the face as a surface to be scrutinized, investigated, and studied in order to know the individual’s intimacy or future. It points out the intertwining of semeiotic knowledge, which aims at capturing clues in the face to determine a patient’s state of health, and semiotics, which systematizes these inferences within the framework of the circumstantial paradigm. The introduction concludes by pointing out how the new digital technologies of the face are reviving and problematizing anew the semiotic interest in physiognomy understood not as a scientific discipline but as a field of sign attention directed at the face.

Employing face reading technology to study the effects of the fake news' message sidedness on consumers' emotional valence and arousal

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how message sidedness affects the impact of fake news posted on social media on consumers' emotional responses.Design/methodology/approachThe study involves a face-tracking experiment in which 198 participants were exposed to different fake news messages concerning the COVID-19 vaccine. Specifically, participants were exposed to fake news using (1) a one-sided negative fake news message in which the message was entirely unfavorable and (2) a two-sided fake news message in which the negative message was mixed with favorable information. Noldus FaceReader 7, an automatic facial expression recognition system, was used to recognize participants' emotions as they read fake news. The authors sampled 17,450 observations of participants' emotional responses.FindingsThe results provide evidence of the significant influence of message sidedness on consumers' emotional valence and arousal. Specifically, two-sided fake news positively influences emotional valence, while one-sided fake news positively influences emotional arousal.Originality/valueThe current study demonstrates that research on fake news posted on social media may particularly benefit from insights regarding the potential but often overlooked importance of strategic design choices in fake news messages and their impact on consumers' emotional responses.

The bright side of disorganization: When surprise generates low-price signals

The research problem of this paper attempts to understand the effects of disorganized versus organized shelves on search information. Contemporary retail studies have tended to discover how the organization of displays can evoke increased consumer attention. Thus, the purpose is to examine how disorganization cues shelf displays foster surprise through information search and the implications of that process for visualizing low-price signals. In three experiments carried out using eye-tracking devices and face reader techniques (two in the laboratory and one in the field), empirical evidence is presented that disorganization cues can generate an increase in information search generated by cognitive processing, increased emotional surprise manifested levels via schema discrepancy, and perception of low-price provoked by the attempt to reduce the risk of choice.

Skill redefinition and classification, capitalism, and labour process theory of work: evidence from Thailand

Skill redefinition and classification, capitalism, and labour process theory of work: evidence from Thailand

Lighting environmental assessment in enclosed spaces based on emotional model

Lighting assessment in special operating environments like enclosed spaces is of great research significance and value. In addition to investigating the visual ergonomics of workers, the emotional monitoring and guidance of workers in enclosed spaces is also a research focus. Based on the Circumplex emotion model theory, this paper designs an experiment to assess emotions in an enclosed space with 6 different lighting settings (2 correlated color temperature (CCT) × 3 illuminance levels). From the perspective of subjective assessment, participants used a rapid sensory analysis method (Check-all-that-apply, CATA) and a Subjective Coordinate Scale (SCS) method for rapid ambience perception checking and emotional self-reporting of lighting settings. From the perspective of objective evaluation, the participants' facial expressions were recorded during the experiment using a camera, and then the recorded facial expressions were automatically analyzed and predicted using FaceReader (FRE) software. The CATA and SCS showed similar results, with the 3100 K × 600 lx, 3100 K × 1000 lx and 6500 K × 600 lx lighting settings creating a relaxed, pleasant emotion in participants, the 6500 K × 1000 lx setting creating an excited, tense atmosphere, and the low illumination level settings of 3100 K × 250 lx and 6500 K × 250 lx made participants feel tired and frustrated. The results of the objective emotion analysis indicate that the FRE was able to effectively identify differences in participants' emotions in response to different lighting settings and was consistent with the results of participants' subjective emotion reports. This laboratory study validates that the three methods can effectively assess the enclosed space lighting settings, and provides a reference for further research on the enclosed space lighting settings and emotional monitoring of workers in the future.