Physical Scale Research Articles

Overdensity of Lyman-break galaxy candidates around hot-dust-obscured galaxies

Hot dust-obscured galaxies (hot DOGs) are a family of hyper-luminous, heavily obscured quasars. A number of studies based on the identification of companions at optical to far-infrared (FIR) wavelengths have shown that these objects reside in significantly overdense regions of the Universe. Here we present further characterisation of their environments by studying the surface density of Lyman break galaxy (LBG) candidates in the vicinity of three hot DOGs. For two of them, WISE J041010.60–091305.2 (W0410--0913) at $z=3.631$ and WISE J083153.25+014010.8 (W0831+0140) at $z=3.912$, we identify the candidate LBG companions using deep observations obtained with Baade/IMACS. For the third, WISE J224607.56--052634.9 (W2246--0526) at $z=4.601$, we reanalyse previously published data obtained with Gemini-S/GMOS-S. We optimise the LBG photometric selection criteria at the redshift of each target using the COSMOS2020 catalog. When comparing the density of LBG candidates found in the vicinity of these hot DOGs with that in the COSMOS2020 catalog, we find overdensities of $ 2.21$), and $ 1.96$) around W0410--0913, W0831+0140, and W2246--0526, respectively, without (with) contamination correction. Additionally, we find that the overdensities are centrally concentrated around each hot DOG. Our analysis also reveals that the overdensity of the fields surrounding W0410--0913 and W0831+0140 declines steeply beyond physical scales of sim 2 Mpc. If these overdensities evolve into clusters by $z=0$, the present results suggest that the hot DOG may correspond to the early formation stages of the brightest cluster galaxy. We were unable to determine whether or not this is also the case for W2246--0526 due to the smaller field of view (FOV) of the GMOS-S observations. Our results imply that hot DOGs may be excellent tracers of protoclusters.

Acute psychological and physiological benefits of exercising with virtual reality.

Exercise is a powerful tool for disease prevention and rehabilitation. Commercially available virtual reality (VR) devices and apps offer an immersive platform to gamify exercise and potentially enhance physiological and psychological benefits. However, no work has compared immersive exercise to closely matched 2D screen-based equivalents with the same visual and auditory stimuli. This study aims to compare the acute effects of an exercise session using a commercial immersive VR workout to the same stimuli and workout presented on a screen. 17 healthy participants (male = 7, female = 10; aged 24.18±4.56 years), completed a 12-minute guided VR boxing exercise session in FitXR™ and a screen-based equivalent. Physiological responses were recorded continuously using a heart rate monitor and telemetricmetabolic cart system. Psychological and perceptual responses were measured using their ratings of perceived exertion, the physical activity enjoyment scale, and the physical activity affect scale. In the immersive VR participants chose to engage in more intense exercise (%VO2max; p = 0.044), showed higher levels of all enjoyment subscales (p<0.05) and reported higher positive affect (p = 0.003) and lower negative affect (p = 0.045) following exercise compared to the screen-based equivalent. However, the design here could not determine which elements of immersive VR contributed to the positive effects. Immersive VR may offer a more efficient alternative to other forms of screen based and exergaming workouts and could be offered as a gateway into exercise.

Anhedonia in the structure of post-COVID syndrome in psychiatric inpatients: the probable role of obesity, systemic inflammation, vascular disregulation and general therapeutic comorbidity

COVID-19 caused not only acute but also delayed neuropsychiatric disorders. A highly probable manifestation of the latter may be physical anhedonia, since this transnosological psychopathological phenomenon is associated with a violation of metabolic and neuroinflammatory processes. The goal. To identify the prevalence of physical anhedonia in the clinic of post-COVID syndrome and to assess the association of this transnosological psychopathological symptom with concomitant somatic burden, the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and the time elapsed since the disease. Materials and Methods. The prevalence of acute and delayed neuropsychiatric symptoms was assessed in 48 psychiatric inpatients with severe mental disorders depending on the history of COVID-19. Quantitative and qualitative assessment was carried out by self-reporting on the number of simultaneously present groups of chronic diseases, and the severity of obesity was objectively assessed - by body mass index, dysregulation of vascular tone-by blood pressure variability, systemic inflammation - by sed rate and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Physical anhedonia was detected using the Russian-language version of the Revised physical anhedonia scale (RPAS). Results. The association between the severity of COVID-19 and the severity of anhedonia, as a probable component of post-COVID syndrome, was confirmed. The total general therapeutic burden was the most important predictor of acute and delayed neuropsychiatric symptoms against the background of COVID-19. The probable role of metabolic syndrome, systemic inflammation and vascular tone was shown in the development of late disorders after coronavirus infection. Conclusion. The role of general therapeutic burden (including obesity, vascular dysregulation and systemic inflammation) in the development of anhedonia in patients with mental disorders who have had COVID-19 has been demonstrated.

Home Use Therapies for Pain, Disability, and Quality of Life in Military Service Members with a Musculoskeletal Injury: An Updated Systematic Review Meta-Analysis.

Musculoskeletal (MSK) injury can negatively affect service members by compromising job performance and readiness. These injuries can impact the service member's physical health, functional abilities, and quality of life (QoL). Rehabilitation therapies for MSK injuries can reduce these impacts. One approach is home use rehabilitative therapy, usable during deployment and at home stations. The purpose of this updated systematic review with meta-analysis was to broaden our scope of pain/symptoms, disability, and QoL as outcome measures for nonpharmaceutical MSK therapies in a military population versus controls. An updated systematic literature search was conducted from inception to September 2022 using electronic databases. From 2790 retrievals, 22 reports were identified from 21 randomized or nonrandomized control trials. Interventions included exercise, electrotherapy, bracing, and other devices compared to a standard control treatment. Outcomes for MSK pain/symptoms, disability, and QoL were summarized as (1) standardized change from baseline for both intervention and control by time and (2) standardized mean differences (SMDs) in the time change between the intervention and control. Relative to baseline, pain improved during treatment and follow-up (P < .0001) with differences between intervention and control groups (P < .0001) but no significant interactions between group and time (P = .11). Overall, interventions showed modest (0.33 SMD, 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.54) improvement relative to controls across body regions and time. On average, disability exhibited an SMD of 0.12 (95% CI, -0.20 to 0.44) across all measures with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 0.93). Time (P = .02) but not intervention (P = .87) was a significant moderator with no clear pattern of change over time and no time by group interaction (P = .84). Quality of life had an overall modest effect with an SMD of 0.10 (95% CI, -0.04 to 0.24) with no evidence supporting a difference between the intervention and control groups (P = .10) and no significant interaction between time and group (P = .41). The QoL measures were primarily derived using the Short Form Health Survey (SF12/36), which provide a mental and physical component summary score. For the mental component, there was either no change or a small decline during the study (P(time) = .80), with a difference between the intervention and control (P = .04) but no interaction between groups over time (P = .40). For the physical component scale, there was improvement during the study (P = .01), with the intervention showing better improvement than the control (P = .005), with no interaction between the time and treatment/control group (P = .80). The report considers responses by region and individual treatments. This analysis demonstrated modest improvement in pain and physical well-being with therapy, with low certainty across diverse military cohorts. The impact on overall health-related disability and QoL was limited, with little change in mental well-being. The substantial heterogeneity and low certainty across diverse military cohorts limit generalizability, suggesting that further research in homogeneous environments is important for guiding clinical decisions. The study's findings suggest that nonpharmacological home use interventions may offer modest improvements in pain relief, particularly early in treatment, and in strength and function, according to our previous report. These interventions could complement standard care, providing options that may benefit service members during deployment and at home.

Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Among Pregnant Women at High Risk for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in China: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Physical activity could decrease the odds of pregnant women at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) developing GDM. Physical activity self-efficacy was the key predictor of physical activity. This study aimed to examine physical activity self-efficacy and identify its predictors among pregnant women at high risk for GDM in mainland China. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zhengzhou, China, from October 2021 to February 2022. Two hundred fifty-two pregnant women at high risk for GDM completed the Pregnancy Physical Activity Self-efficacy Scale, the Social Support for Physical Activity Scale, the Knowledge of Physical Activity Questionnaire, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and a socio-demographic data sheet. Multiple linear regression was used. Chinese pregnant women athigh risk for GDM reported a moderate level of physical activity self-efficacy. The best-fit regression analysis revealed four predictors. Social support for physical activity was the strongest predictor, followed by knowledge of physical activity, intention to do physical activity, and anxiety symptoms. The study found that Chinese pregnant women at high risk for GDM had a moderate level of physical activity self-efficacy, which had 4 predictors. Healthcare professionals should make efforts to enhance pregnant women's social support, knowledge, andintention to do physical activity and decrease their anxiety symptoms to improve their physical activity self-efficacy.

Connecting Lyα and Ionizing Photon Escape in the Sunburst Arc

We investigate the Lyα and Lyman continuum (LyC) properties of the Sunburst Arc, a z = 2.37 gravitationally lensed galaxy with a multiply imaged, compact region leaking LyC and a triple-peaked Lyα profile indicating direct Lyα escape. Non-LyC-leaking regions show a redshifted Lyα peak, a redshifted and central Lyα peak, or a triple-peaked Lyα profile. We measure the properties of the Lyα profile from different regions of the galaxy using R ∼ 5000 Magellan/Magellan Echellette spectra. We compare the Lyα spectral properties to LyC and narrowband Lyα maps from Hubble Space Telescope imaging to explore the subgalactic Lyα−LyC connection. We find strong correlations (Pearson correlation coefficient r > 0.6) between the LyC escape fraction ( fescLyC ) and Lyα (1) peak separation v sep, (2) ratio of the minimum flux density between the redshifted and blueshifted Lyα peaks to continuum flux density fmin/fcont , and (3) equivalent width. We favor a complex H i geometry to explain the Lyα profiles from non-LyC-leaking regions and suggest two H i geometries that could diffuse and/or rescatter the central Lyα peak from the LyC-leaking region into our sight line across transverse distances of several hundred parsecs. Our results emphasize the complexity of Lyα radiative transfer and its sensitivity to the anisotropies of H i gas on subgalactic scales. Large differences in the physical scales on which we observe spatially variable direct-escape Lyα, blueshifted Lyα, and escaping LyC photons in the Sunburst Arc underscore the importance of resolving the physical scales that govern Lyα and LyC escape.

Combining pre- and post-recombination new physics to address cosmological tensions: Case study with varying electron mass and sign-switching cosmological constant

It has recently been argued that the Hubble tension may call for a combination of both pre- and post-recombination new physics. Motivated by these considerations, we provide one of the first concrete case studies aimed at constructing such a viable combination. We consider models that have individually worked best on either end of recombination so far: a spatially uniform time-varying electron mass leading to earlier recombination (also adding non-zero spatial curvature), and a sign-switching cosmological constant inducing an AdS-to-dS transition within the ΛsCDM model. When confronted against Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), Baryon Acoustic Oscillations, and Type Ia Supernovae data, we show that no combination of these ingredients can successfully solve the Hubble tension. We find that the matter density parameter Ωm plays a critical role, driving important physical scales in opposite directions: the AdS-to-dS transition requires a larger Ωm to maintain the CMB acoustic scale fixed, whereas the varying electron mass requires a smaller Ωm to maintain the redshift of matter-radiation equality fixed. Despite the overall failure, we use our results to draw general model-building lessons, highlighting the importance of assessing tension-solving directions in the parameter space of new physics parameters and how these correlate with shifts in other standard parameters, while underscoring the crucial role of Ωm in this sense.

Constructing valid Li+ fast-transfer channels on novel P(TPC@Lys-Li) separator to enable security, high energy density, and controllable Li dendrites for lithium-metal batteries

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) attract widespread attention under current high energy density developments. However, wild Li dendrite propagations owing to chaotic Li depositions raise challenges for LMB blossoming. Separators with specific demands thus should be involved when smoothly transferring into LMBs. In this research, a fascinating P(TPC@Lys-Li) separator is prepared by the turbulent interfacial polymerization and electrospinning to ingeniously clarify dependencies of Li+ transfer dynamics on double electric layer thickness (DELT) regulations within porous skeletons. P(TPC@Lys-Li) enables negatively charged porous skeleton surface and compresses DELT, which constructs high-efficiency Li+ fast-transfer channels on porous skeletons and accelerates Li+ transfer speed by 18.3 times. Especially, P(TPC@Lys-Li) supplies extra Li+ for stable formations of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, homogenizing nucleation and growth behaviors during Li depositions. Remarkable C-rate capacity and cycle stability thus arise for assembled LMBs, holding 87.2 % capacity retention after 700 cycles at 0.5C even under high cathode loading and lean electrolyte conditions. P(TPC@Lys-Li) also maintains constant physical scale and unabated mechanical strength even at elevated temperatures approaching 200 °C, which provides excellent battery security as LMBs encounter uncontrollable thermal runaway. Above attractive features enable P(TPC@Lys-Li) separator to be potentially applied in LMBs demanding sufficient security, high-capacity density, and fast charge technology.

Development of a Virtual Environment for Rapid Generation of Synthetic Training Images for Artificial Intelligence Object Recognition

In the field of machine learning and computer vision, the lack of annotated datasets is a major challenge for model development and accuracy improvement. Synthetic data generation addresses this issue by providing large, diverse, and accurately annotated datasets, thereby enhancing model training and validation. This study presents a Unity-based virtual environment that utilises the Unity Perception package to generate high-quality datasets. First, high-precision 3D (Three-Dimensional) models are created using a 3D structured light scanner, with textures processed to remove specular reflections. These models are then imported into Unity to generate diverse and accurately annotated synthetic datasets. The experimental results indicate that object recognition models trained with synthetic data achieve a high rate of performance on real images, validating the effectiveness of synthetic data in improving model generalisation and application performance. Monocular distance measurement verification shows that the synthetic data closely matches real-world physical scales, confirming its visual realism and physical accuracy.

Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery: Client Perspectives

Background: In the past decade, there has been an increase in the number of cosmetic procedures performed globally. About one-third of individuals who undergo cosmetic procedures are under the age of 35 years. Several factors can influence acceptance of cosmetic surgery including media, religion, and individual factors among others. Objective: The objective of this current study is to investigate the motivations behind individuals choosing to undergo cosmetic surgery. Material and methods: This study was a cross-sectional single-center, conducted to assess the attitudes and acceptance of cosmetic surgery among attendees at Cosmetic and beauty centres in the city of Mosul, Iraq between September -November of 2022. All patients at the plastic surgery clinics were given a questionnaire that they were instructed to fill out in their own time. The likelihood of having cosmetic surgery scale, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, the life happiness scale, and the physical attractiveness scale were used to measure the correlation between these variables and other factors. With a p-value of less than 0.05, the results might be considered reliable. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for the investigation of correlations (r). Results: The mean age was 31.47 years, the standard deviation was 2.8, the range of ages was 15-52 years, and the median age was 29.89 years. There was an insignificant weak positive connection between participants' self-esteem and their acceptance of cosmetic surgery (r=0.052) Conclusion: Lower levels of self-esteem and life satisfaction, greater exposure to cosmetic surgery in the media (especially television), increased time spent in front of the TV, and religious affiliation were all found to be significant predictors of future use of cosmetic surgery in the current study.

Applying the Velocity Gradient Technique in NGC 1333: Comparison with Dust Polarization Observations

Magnetic fields (B-fields) are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium (ISM), and they play an essential role in the formation of molecular clouds and subsequent star formation. However, B-fields in interstellar environments remain challenging to measure, and their properties typically need to be inferred from dust polarization observations over multiple physical scales. In this work, we seek to use a recently proposed approach called the velocity gradient technique (VGT) to study B-fields in star-forming regions and compare the results with dust polarization observations in different wavelengths. The VGT is based on the anisotropic properties of eddies in magnetized turbulence to derive B-field properties in the ISM. We investigate that this technique is synergistic with dust polarimetry when applied to a turbulent diffused medium for the purpose of measuring its magnetization. Specifically, we use the VGT on molecular line data toward the NGC 1333 star-forming region (12CO, 13CO, C18O, and N2H+), and we compare the derived B-field properties with those inferred from 214 and 850 μm dust polarization observations of the region using Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy/High-Resolution Airborne Wide-band Camera Plus and James Clerk Maxwell Telescope/POL-2, respectively. We estimate both the inclination angle and the 3D Alfvénic Mach number M A from the molecular line gradients. Crucially, testing this technique on gravitationally bound, dynamic, and turbulent regions, and comparing the results with those obtained from polarization observations at different wavelengths, such as the plane-of-sky field orientation, is an important test on the applicability of the VGT in various density regimes of the ISM. We in general do not find a close correlation between the velocity gradient inferred orientations and the dust inferred magnetic field orientations.

Calculated ionization energies, orbital eigenvalues (HOMO), and related QSAR descriptors of organic molecules: a set of 61 experimental values enables elimination of systematic errors and provides realistic error estimates.

Ionization energies (IEs) of organic compounds come in different forms-adiabatic, vertical, as electrode potentials, or as orbital eigenvalues via Koopmans' theorem. They have been linked to the reactivity towards electrophiles and have been used to quantitatively describe electron transfer processes. The de novo prediction of IEs is only meaningful when an estimate of the prediction's uncertainty is included. Pulsed-field ionization (PFI) experiments have quantified adiabatic IEs with unprecedented precision. In this work, a new set of PFI-derived IEs is compiled from the literature as a benchmark for prediction methods. This set includes many common functional groups, a size range from diatomics to two aromatic rings, and IEs between 7 and 14 eV. The first-principles CCSD(T)/CBS protocol presently used reproduces these values within 0.05 eV. For adiabatic IEs and vertical IEs/orbital eigenvalues predicted using approximate density functional theory (DFT), linear regression models are proposed, so that IEs calculated using different methods can be directly compared on a physical scale. This elimination of systematic errors improves the error statistics and allows the performance of predicted IEs to be evaluated if used in quantitative structure-property or -activity relationships, as the latter implicitly correct a descriptor's bias. Owing to the structural scope of the test set, the minimum and maximum deviations from experiment should correspond to those expected for common organic molecules. Deviations from reference values found for orbital eigenvalues but also for IEs calculated explicitly with HF or semi-empirical MO methods were as large as 0.5 eV to 2.0 eV. Such large errors could also propagate into quantitative structure-property models, as shown in illustrative examples of oxidation rate constants in solution.

The mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between physical exercise and sense of security among left-behind junior high school students: multi-group comparative analysis of only children and children with siblings.

This study aims to explore the mediating role of psychological resilience in the relationship between physical exercise and the sense of security among junior high school students, with a particular focus on variations based on only-child status. A survey was conducted among 649 left-behind junior high school students in Gansu Province, China, utilizing the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 (PARS-3), Security Questionnaire (SQ), and Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA). Among the participants, the mean scores for physical exercise, psychological resilience, and sense of security were 40.78 ± 29.49, 51.14 ± 10.08, and 55.75 ± 14.35, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between physical exercise and sense of security (r = 0.210, p < 0.01), physical exercise and psychological resilience (r = 0.164, p < 0.01), and psychological resilience and sense of security (r = 0.443, p < 0.01). Mediation analysis revealed that psychological resilience partially mediates the effect of physical exercise on the sense of security, accounting for 33.9% of the total effect. Multi-group analysis indicated significant differences in this mediating effect between only children and children with siblings, with a stronger predictive role of psychological resilience for the sense of security among non-only children. Participation in physical exercise can promote the improvement of sense of security through the individual power factor of improving the psychological resilience of left-behind junior high school students, and this improvement effect is more significant for non-only children.

Trajectories of physical activity after ischaemic stroke: Exploring prediction of change.

Physical activity (PA) is associated with lower risk of stroke and better functional outcome. However, low levels of PA after stroke are prevalent. The aim was to identify predictors of PA change after first-time ischaemic stroke and to develop prediction models to predict change in PA. Pre-stroke and 6 months post-stroke PA were quantified with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). Considered predictors were clinical data and demographics including data on socioeconomic status (SES). PASE change was analysed using mixed models of repeated measures. Elastic net regression models were used to predict decrease from higher PASE quartile to the lowest and increase from lowest to higher. A total of 523 first-time ischaemic stroke patients were included. Median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 69 years (IQR 59, 77), 181 (35%) were female and median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 3 (IQR 2, 5). Overall PASE score did not change, but 20% of patients decreased to the lowest PASE quartile whereas 48% from the lowest quartile increased to a higher. Prediction performance measured by area under the receiver operating curve was 0.679 for PA decrease and 0.619 for increase. SES factors were the most consistent predictors. Half of the least active patients increased PA level after stroke whereas a fifth decreased with SES being the most consistent predictor. Despite comprehensive data, the prediction models only performed modestly. Efforts to optimize PA should include all stroke survivors to increase PA for least active patients and to prevent PA decrease.

Relationship between different levels of internet use and depressive tendencies in Chinese college students: the chain mediating effect based on physical activity and social adaptability

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between internet use, physical activity, social adaptability, and depressive tendencies of college students, and to reveal the “advantages” and “disadvantages” of internet use around the “dose-effect”.MethodThe Revised Chinese Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R), Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Chinese College Student Social Adjustment Scale (CCSAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to conduct a random sampling survey among 3008 college students in China.Results(1) Internet use could directly and positively predict the depressive tendencies of college students. (2) Physical activity and social adaptability have a significant chain mediating effect between internet use and depressive tendencies. (3) There was a “U-shaped” dose-effect relationship between internet use and depression tendencies, indicating that normal internet use could directly and negatively predict depressive tendencies, and through the chain mediating effect of physical activity and social adaptability negatively predict depressive tendencies. In contrast, internet use dependence and addiction could directly predict depressive tendencies, and through the chain mediating effect of physical activity and social adaptability positively predict it.ConclusionTherefore, normal or moderate internet use has potential protective benefits on the physical and mental health of college students and can promote the positive development of physical activity and social adaptability to a certain extent, and prevent or reduce depressive tendencies, otherwise, it is not conducive to the healthy development of related behaviors and psychology.

Exploring the impact of physical exercise on mental health among female college students: the chain mediating role of coping styles and psychological resilience.

Female college students are a high-risk group for psychological conflicts, and they are more likely to adopt negative coping styles under stress, which can lead to anxiety, depression, and other psychological problems, as well as pose hidden threats to the healthy development of school education and social work. Although physical exercise is an important means of effectively alleviating the psychological health of female college students, and there may be a close relationship between coping styles and psychological resilience with physical exercise and psychological health, specific ways to promote the psychological health of female college students by influencing their coping styles and enhancing their psychological resilience have yet to be explored. The present study employed a cross-sectional design to investigate a sample of Chinese undergraduate female college students. A total of 659 participants were recruited during the second half of the 2023-2024 academic year, and they all completed assessments including the Physical Activity Rating Scale, College Mental Health Scale, Brief Coping Styles Questionnaire, and Psychological Resilience Scale. Subsequently, descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the obtained reliable data. The study revealed two significant correlations among female college students, namely the associations between physical exercise, coping styles, psychological flexibility, and mental health. Specifically, physical exercise exhibited a positive relationship with positive coping styles and psychological resilience while displaying a negative association with negative coping styles and mental health. Moreover, psychological resilience demonstrated a positive correlation with positive coping styles but displayed negative relationships with both negative coping styles and mental health. Additionally, there was a negative relationship observed between positive coping styles and mental health. Furthermore, it was found that physical exercise significantly impacted the mental health of female college students in a detrimental manner; meanwhile, coping styles and psychological resilience played crucial mediating roles in linking physical exercise to mental health outcomes. Ultimately, our mediation model sheds the underlying mechanisms through which physical exercise predicts mental health levels among female college students; these findings underscore the importance of promoting physical exercise as an effective means to enhance overall well-being.

The effect of cultural capital on the physical fitness level of a Chinese older adult population: chain mediation of household income and stockpiling of physical fitness goods.

Health behaviors of older people are influenced by many factors, and physical activity are important lifestyle behaviors that promote healthy aging. This study is to analyze the intrinsic mechanism of the influence of cultural capital on the physical fitness level of older people, and to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of the differences in physical fitness level caused by the differences in physical fitness concepts of the classes brought about by cultural capital, and the unequal distribution of resources. The subjects of this study were derived from people over 60 years old in the 2020 China National Fitness Activity Status Survey, and a total of 20,896 samples were obtained using the principle of multi-stage stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was assessed by the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3) to calculate the physical activity level score of the older adult population. Pearson correlation analysis and stratified regression methods were used to analyze and explore the factors influencing the physical fitness level of sport older adult people, followed by quantile regression to explore the distribution of the influence of institutional cultural capital in different physical fitness levels. The use of quantile regression not only provided a robust test of the results of stratified linear regression, but also analyzed the differential effects of institutional cultural capital among individuals with different fitness levels. Finally, Bootstrap methods were used to test the mediating effects of household income and physical cultural capital. Institutional cultural capital (p < 0.01), household income (p < 0.01), physical cultural capital (p < 0.01), and health status (p < 0.01) are all conducive to improving fitness levels among older people. Family income (95%CI = [0.467, 0.235]) and material cultural capital (95%CI = [0.199, 0.291]) play a chain mediating role. Cultural capital has a positive impact on the health of older people, mediated by household income and stocks of sporting goods. An increase in the level of cultural capital of older persons is beneficial to the improvement of health perception. Therefore, it is possible to promote the improvement of physical fitness among older people through the enhancement of their cultural capital and to realize healthy aging.

Effects of Different Exercise Doses Through an Augmented Reality Exergame in Older Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

(1) Background: Growth in the use of video games has spurred innovations in the health sector, especially through exergames, which promote physical activity using interactive technologies like augmented reality. Exergames are shown to enhance exercise motivation and engagement, yet enjoyment remains inconsistent across studies. This pilot study aims to provide evidence on how different exergaming doses affect exercise heart rate, perceived exertion, adverse effects, and enjoyment in older adults. (2) Methods: A pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare different doses of exercise through video games (13 vs. 28 min) in older adults living in a nursing home. A single bout of exergaming was provided to assess the outcomes: heart rate, rate of perceived exertion, physical activity enjoyment scale score, and adverse effects. (3) Results: Thirty-two older adults were recruited. This study revealed no significant differences in heart rate between groups (p = 0.1). There is a weak correlation between the rate of perceived exertion and the level of enjoyment (rs = −0.193) and between the total time of the intervention and the incidence of adverse effects (rs = 0.295). (4) Conclusions: The use of a higher dose of exergaming is effective in achieving moderate physical intensity. Also, the results suggest the intervention was generally well tolerated and enjoyed by older adults, with no serious adverse effects reported.

The effects of procrastination on physical activity among Chinese university students: the chain-mediated effects of time management disposition and exercise motivation.

Grounded in self-determination theory (SDT), the procrastination-health model, and the mechanism model of exercise persistence, this study examined the effects of procrastination on physical activity and the mechanism of its action in Chinese college students. This study employed a cross-sectional design. A total of 957 Chinese university students (Mage = 20.26, SD = 1.07) completed questionnaires. The Aitken Procrastination Questionnaire, the Adolescent Time Management Dispositions Scale (ATMDS), the Modified Physical Activity Motivation Measure-Revised (MPAM-R), and the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3) were used to measure procrastination, time management disposition, exercise motivation, and physical activity. Procrastination, time management disposition, exercise motivation, and physical activity were each significantly correlated, and procrastination was a significant negative predictor of physical activity. The mediating effect of time management disposition and exercise motivation in the effect of procrastination on physical activity was significant, and the mediating effect accounted for 44.65% of the total effect. Three paths were specifically included: first, the separate mediating effect of time management disposition, second, the separate mediating effect of exercise motivation, and third, the chain mediating effect of time management disposition and exercise motivation. This study reveals the mechanism of action by which procrastination influences physical activities through time management disposition and exercise motivation in Chinese college students. The findings provide guiding recommendations for further promoting greater participation in physical activities among college students.

Investigation of the sense of school belonging and sportspersonship behavior of students playing traditional children’s games

The purpose of this study is to examine the sense of school belonging and sportspersonship behaviors of students who participate in traditional children's games. The research was designed using a quasi-experimental model with a pre-test and post-test control group and was conducted over a period of 16 weeks. The study group consisted of a total of 1871 students, including 1379 middle school and 492 high school students, continuing their education in Eskil, Aksaray during the 2023–2024 academic year. The experimental group students participated in the games and inter-school tournaments within the scope of the “2nd I Live My Values with Traditional Games Project” No intervention was applied to the control group after the introduction of the games. The “School Belongingness Scale” and the “Physical Education Course Sportspersonship Behavior Scale” were used as data collection tools. For data analysis, MANOVA, paired samples t-test, and regression analysis were employed. The findings of the study indicated that both the experimental and control groups showed positive scores in pre-test and post-test measures of school belongingness and sportspersonship behaviors. However, the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in their sense of school belonging and sportspersonship behaviors in favor of the post-test. While no significant change was observed in the control group's sense of school belonging, a decline was noted in their sportspersonship behaviors. The experimental group exhibited greater development in school belongingness and sportspersonship behaviors compared to the control group. Although middle school students showed improvements in their sense of school belonging, high school students experienced a more substantial emotional development. No significant differences were found in school belongingness and sportspersonship behaviors based on the students' gender. Sportspersonship behavior predicted school belongingness by 11%, suggesting that positive sportspersonship behaviors increased school attachment among children. In conclusion, it was determined that students participating in traditional children's games developed a more positive sense of school belonging and sportspersonship behaviors over time. Based on the positive outcomes of student participation in traditional games, it is recommended to promote these games, incorporate them into physical education classes, and increase participation in tournaments.