Physics In Japan Research Articles

Yoshikatsu Sugiura's Contribution to the Development of Quantum Physics in Japan.

Previous research in the history of physics has led us to believe that Yoshio Nishina (1890-1951) virtually single-handedly imported quantum physics into Japan. However, there are first-hand accounts that Yoshikatsu Sugiura (1895-1960) also played an important role. Sugiura made his name in quantum chemistry with his contribution to the Heitler-London theory of the chemical bond. Yet, historians of physics have paid scant attention to him. This paper brings forward information on Sugiura from his letters, his scientific papers, and his own recollections until ca. 1930. By examining this material, the present paper studies Sugiura's accomplishments in Europe and his contributions to the development of quantum physics in Japan. We conclude that Sugiura was one of the most important physicists when it comes to the arrival of quantum physics in Japan. In addition, we assess why he has been under-appreciated in the history of physics in Japan. Our historical study on Sugiura suggests that, in addition to the position Nishina and his students rightfully occupy, there still are important unexplored aspects in the history of Japanese quantum physics.

2005世界物理年によせて「日本の物理学100年とこれから」連載開始にあたって( 日本の物理学100年とこれから)

2005世界物理年によせて「日本の物理学100年とこれから」連載開始にあたって( 日本の物理学100年とこれから)

"Electron Theory" and the Emergence of Atomic Physics in Japan.

ArgumentThis paper discusses one aspect of the context in which atomic physics developed in Japan between 1905 and 1931. It argues that during this period, there was a social context in which atomic physics was valued as a study of the electron and was thus relevant to electrical engineering. To demonstrate this, I first show that after the Russo-Japanese War, electrical engineering was deemed a valuable and viable field of research in Japan. Second, I show that physicists wrote textbooks and popular accounts about the electron, covering topics from both atomic physics and electrical engineering and presenting the former as relevant to the latter. Finally, as an example of how atomic physics partially emerged from this context, I discuss the group of Kujirai Tsunetarō, an electrical engineer who worked in the physics department of the Institute for Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN). From Kujirai's group, Nishina Yoshio started his career and became the most important Japanese atomic and nuclear physicist of the 1930s.

Activities of the Committee for Information Exchange on Historical Documents of Physics in Japan

Activities of the Committee for Information Exchange on Historical Documents of Physics in Japan

Grid Computing for High Energy Physics in Japan

Grid Computing for High Energy Physics in Japan

SPONTANEOUS SYMMETRY BREAKING IN PARTICLE PHYSICS: A CASE OF CROSS FERTILIZATION

I will begin by a short story about my background. I studied physics at the University of Tokyo. I was attracted to particle physics because of the three famous names, Nishina, Tomonaga and Yukawa, who were the founders of particle physics in Japan. But these people were at dieren t institutions than mine. On the other hand, condensed matter physics was pretty good at Tokyo. I got into particle physics only when I came back to Tokyo after the war. In hindsight, though, I must say that my early exposure to condensed matter physics has been quite benecial to me. Particle physics is an outgrowth of nuclear physics which began in the early 1930’s with the discovery of the neutron by Chadwick, the invention of the cyclotron by Lawrence, and the \invention of meson theory by Yukawa. a The appearance of an ever increasing array of new particles in the subsequent decades, and the advances in quantum eld theory gradually led to our understanding of the basic laws of nature, culminating in the present standard model. When we faced those new particles, our rst attempts were to make sense out of them by nding some regularities in their properties. They invoked the symmetry principle to classify them. A symmetry in physics leads to a conservation law. Some conservation laws are exact, like energy and electric charge, but these attempts were based on approximate similarities of masses and interactions. Nevertheless, seeing similarities is a natural and very useful trait of the human mind. The near equality of proton and neutron masses and their interactions led to the concept of isospin SU(2) symmetry. 2 On the other hand, one could also go in the opposite direction, and elevate a symmetry to a more elaborate gauged symmetry. Then symmetry will determine the dynamics as well, a most attractive possibility. Thus the beautiful properties of electromagnetism was extended to the

Spontannoe narushenie simmetrii v fizike elementarnykh chastits: primer plodotvornogo obmena ideyami

I will begin by a short story about my background. I studied physics at the University of Tokyo. I was attracted to particle physics because of the three famous names, Nishina, Tomonaga and Yukawa, who were the founders of particle physics in Japan. But these people were at dieren t institutions than mine. On the other hand, condensed matter physics was pretty good at Tokyo. I got into particle physics only when I came back to Tokyo after the war. In hindsight, though, I must say that my early exposure to condensed matter physics has been quite benecial to me. Particle physics is an outgrowth of nuclear physics which began in the early 1930’s with the discovery of the neutron by Chadwick, the invention of the cyclotron by Lawrence, and the \invention of meson theory by Yukawa. a The appearance of an ever increasing array of new particles in the subsequent decades, and the advances in quantum eld theory gradually led to our understanding of the basic laws of nature, culminating in the present standard model. When we faced those new particles, our rst attempts were to make sense out of them by nding some regularities in their properties. They invoked the symmetry principle to classify them. A symmetry in physics leads to a conservation law. Some conservation laws are exact, like energy and electric charge, but these attempts were based on approximate similarities of masses and interactions. Nevertheless, seeing similarities is a natural and very useful trait of the human mind. The near equality of proton and neutron masses and their interactions led to the concept of isospin SU(2) symmetry. 2 On the other hand, one could also go in the opposite direction, and elevate a symmetry to a more elaborate gauged symmetry. Then symmetry will determine the dynamics as well, a most attractive possibility. Thus the beautiful properties of electromagnetism was extended to the

Yoshio Nishina: Father of Modern Physics in Japan

YOUTH The Nishina Family Yoshio Nishina the Student Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Japan's Physics Community in the Early Twentieth Century NISHINA IN EUROPE Heading for Europe Cambridge and Gottingen Research in Experimental Subjects at Copenhagen The New Quantum Mechanics and the Klein-Nishina Formula A Truly Accomplished Researcher PREACHER OF THE NEW QUANTUM MECHANICS The Introduction of the New Quantum Mechanics to Japan during the 1920s Nishina the Preacher of the New Quantum Mechanics BELOVED SENSEI (TEACHER): THEORETICAL RESEARCH AND THE EMERGENCE OF A RESEARCH NETWORK A New Kind of Boss at RIKEN The Theory Group The Emergence of a Research Network COSMIC RAY RESEARCH: THIS IS INTERESTING. LET US TRY IT. Cosmic Ray Research in the Early Twentieth Century The Effect of the 10th Subcommittee of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science on Cosmic Ray Research in Japan The Cosmic Ray Research Group Cosmic Ray Research and the Meson Theory: Cooperation between Experimentalists and Theoreticians FATHER OF BIG SCIENCE: THE CONSTRUCTION OF TWO CYCLOTRONS The Small (26-inch) Cyclotron The Large (60- inch) Cyclotron The Legacy of Two Cyclotrons STATESMAN OF SCIENCE APPENDIX: SELECTED CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN YOSHIO NISHINA AND ERNEST O. LAWRENCE INDEX

量子物性の物理II : 量子力学と工学との接点で( 「日本の物理学100年とこれから」)

量子物性の物理II : 量子力学と工学との接点で( 「日本の物理学100年とこれから」)

観測で探る天体・宇宙の物理 : 見えない宇宙の観測( 「日本の物理学100年とこれから」)

観測で探る天体・宇宙の物理 : 見えない宇宙の観測( 「日本の物理学100年とこれから」)

原子や分子の物理学 : 古くて新しいミクロの世界の仲間達( 日本の物理学100年とこれから)

原子や分子の物理学 : 古くて新しいミクロの世界の仲間達( 日本の物理学100年とこれから)

量子力学 : その基礎への日本の寄与( 日本の物理学100年とこれから)

量子力学 : その基礎への日本の寄与( 日本の物理学100年とこれから)

光量子と光物性 : 光学からフォトサイエンスへ( 日本の物理学100年とこれから)

光量子と光物性 : 光学からフォトサイエンスへ( 日本の物理学100年とこれから)

量子物性の物理I : ナノ世界への軌跡( 日本の物理学100年とこれから)

量子物性の物理I : ナノ世界への軌跡( 日本の物理学100年とこれから)

Data grid deployment for high energy physics in Japan

Recent activities in Japan to deploy a data grid for high energy physics will be reported. Japanese collaboration of LHC-ATLAS experiment is now preparing a Tier-2 analysis center at Tokyo. Several institutes/universities have grid facilities and they are connected to the Tokyo Tier-2 center. Collaborators of Phenix of RHIC at BNL and CDF of Tevatron at FNAL are also using grid tools for data transmission. KEK-CRC is also hosting the Belle experiment VO and is running a site for it as a part of LCG. A general purpose virtual organization for Japanese high energy physics society is to be launched.

Studies on heavy ion fusion and high energy density physics in Japan

In this paper, significant progresses of Japanese research activities are presented in heavy ion fusion (HIF) and high energy density physics (HEDP). Heavy ion beam (HIB) is a prominent tool to study HEDP and HIF, and HIBs may be a promising inertial fusion driver. HIB accelerators have been studied intensively for a long time; HIB pulse profile, a particle energy and a HIB quality are controllable. A HIB energy deposition profile is also well defined, and HIB energy is deposited inside a material. By focusing and using the HIB excellent properties, Japanese HIF and HEDP activities have covered a wide variety of subjects ranging from new accelerators to future HIF studies: ion source, new inductive accelerator, beam physics, beam bunching, beam instabilities, HIB interactions with gas or materials, laser ion acceleration, HIB transport, HIB-based warm dense (WD) state generation, new measurement of HED or WD matters, HIB stopping power, atomic physics, multi-HIBs illumination on a target, HIF target implosion, impact ignition scheme, HIB-radiation conversion, radiation confinement and transport in HED matter or in HIF, and so on.

Yoshio Nishina and two cyclotrons

ABSTRACT Yoshio Nishina is often honored as “a father of modern physics in Japan.” By performing multiple roles as a competent researcher, a formidable teacher, and a shrewd organizer, he not only made a great contribution to the emergence of a research network that produced two Nobel prize winners in physics but also raised the level of Japanese physics overall. Among Nishina's many contributions to the Japanese physics community, the construction and operation of two cyclotrons during the 1930s and 1940s were the most celebrated. In this paper I try to answer the following questions: why did Nishina start the construction of two cyclotron in the mid-1930s?; how did he secure the necessary financial support?; what were the original objectives of the machines, and how were they were actually used?; what difficulties did he meet and overcome in the construction and running of the cyclotrons?; how significant was the Berkeley connection in contributing to the construction and operation of the cyclotrons?; why did Nishina skip the construction of the medium size cyclotron (30–40 inches) and move directly from a small (26-inch) to a large one (60-inch)?; and how much did the cyclotron project influence the future path of Japanese physics? I argue that Nishina's two cyclotrons, especially the larger one, should be considered as successful examples of reverse engineering, a hallmark of Japanese technology in the interwar period.

Development of Originalities : Physics General (Physics in Japan: The Past 100 Years and the Prospect)

Development of Originalities : Physics General (Physics in Japan: The Past 100 Years and the Prospect)

Materials Physics with Electromagnetic Wave―Evolution of NMR and μSR in Materials Science― (Physics in Japan : The Past 100 Years and the Prospect)

Materials Physics with Electromagnetic Wave―Evolution of NMR and μSR in Materials Science― (Physics in Japan : The Past 100 Years and the Prospect)

Dr. Nishina and Daybreak of Atomic Physics in Japan

Dr. Nishina and Daybreak of Atomic Physics in Japan