Physico-chemical Properties Of Groundwater Research Articles

Groundwater Contamination in Perspective of Different Elements, Water Quality Index and Health Implications

The physico-chemical properties of groundwater and its plausible health threats are of enormous significance at the current situation worldwide. The present research work determines the degree of pollution in addition to accompanied health menaces to the local inhabitants at Aiho village of Malda district, West Bengal, India. In the present study wetlands and groundwater sources in the locale vicinity have been associated with common health issues among the local populace who consume aquatic animals and drink groundwater is a cause for concern. In view of that, overall 17 samples of groundwater were selected from distinct sources from the studied village. The physico-chemical analysis results in presence of various ions like Calcium (Ca2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Sulphate (SO42-), Chloride (Cl-), Nitrate (NO3-), Fluoride (F-) and few elements; Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) in the samples. Few ions; Ca2+, Mg2+ and F- are detected to surpass the acceptable border in some investigated samples. Some physical parameters; pH and TH were not found to be within the allowable range but TDS range was suitable for all the samples. Excess amount of different elements in the groundwater samples results in health threats to local inhabitants, though, the hazards due to Mn and Zn are inconsequential. Since water quality index (WQI) signifies the excellence of surface as well as ground water especially water used for domestic purpose, WQI was measured ranging from 69.29682 to 175.40829 for the experimental samples indicating good to poor quality but not excellent or very poor to unsuitable for domestic use. Further, Dermal acquaintance was found to be quiet hazardous for all occupants, however, the oral contact was supposed to be precarious to some extent. Children and youths are prone to both the ions NO3- and F- as contaminants, and adult persons are affected by NO3- pollutants comparatively.

The machine learning and geostatistical approach for assessment of arsenic contamination levels using physicochemical properties of water.

Arsenic contamination in groundwater due to natural or anthropogenic sources is responsible for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to humans and the ecosystem. The physicochemical properties of groundwater in the study area were determined in the laboratory using the samples collected across the Varanasi region of Uttar Pradesh, India. This paper analyses the physicochemical properties of water using machine learning, descriptive statistics, geostatistical and spatial analysis. Pearson correlation was used for feature selection and highly correlated features were selected for model creation. Hydrochemical facies of the study area were analyzed and the hyperparameters of machine learning models, i.e., multilayer perceptron, random forest (RF), naïve Bayes, and decision tree were optimized before training and testing the groundwater samples as high (1) or low (0) arsenic contamination levels based on the WHO 10 μg/L guideline value. The overall performance of the models was compared based on accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity value. Among all models, the RF algorithm outclasses other classifiers, as it has a high accuracy of 92.30%, a sensitivity of 100%, and a specificity of 75%. The accuracy result was compared to prior research, and the machine learning model may be used to continually monitor the amount of arsenic pollution in groundwater.

Geophysical and geochemical study of the contaminant impact of Oke-Tage solid waste dumpsite, Southwestern Nigeria

The physicochemical properties of groundwater, geochemical characteristics and subsurface formation of the Oke-Tage waste dumpsite soil material were assessed to determine the impact of the leachate generated from the waste dumpsite on the quality of the groundwater within the study area. Water samples collected from hand-dug wells were analyzed to determine groundwater quality, while soil samples were examined for their geochemical characteristics. Ten Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) surveys were carried out with an electrode spacing (AB/2) increasing from 1 to 200 m. Also, four 2D electrical resistivity profilings were done using the dipole–dipole configuration. The hydro-chemical analysis showed an elevated Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) concentration above the maximum permissible limits. The physicochemical results indicated that the Electrical Conductivity (EC) ranged from 1900 to 3670 µS/m, while Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) ranged from 585 to 620 mg/L. The health risk assessment showed no significant health risks associated with exposure to the metals due to HI values less than 1. Based on the VES result, four geoelectric layers comprising topsoil, weathered layer, fractured basement, and fresh basement were identified. The 2D resistivity structures revealed that the topsoil and weathered layers practically merged and are characterized by relatively low resistivity (< 30 Ωm) beneath the dump site. The study concluded that the groundwater and soil in the vicinity of the investigated Oke-Tage waste dumpsite had been negatively impacted to levels that called for caution especially using the water for regular potability purposes.

CONCENTRATION LEVELS OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROFILES AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER: A CASE STUDY OF SOUTHERN IJAW, BAYELSA STATE, SOUTHERN NIGERIA

This study examined the concentration levels of physico-chemical profiles of groundwater quality of communities in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The seasonal variation of groundwater quality were evaluated. Fifteen (15) communities within the LGA were selected and groundwater from hand-dug well (HDW-15samples) and borehole (BH-15samples) was sourced during the wet season (July) and dry season (March) and analyzed for seasonal variations. The difference in the mean of the parameters investigated during the dry and wet season revealed the difference in concentration level as influenced by the season attributes. The HDW showed a very strong correlation in wet and dry season physicochemical properties as well as no significant difference in the physicochemical properties of groundwater at both seasons. Also, the results of borehole water sample showed a very strong correlation in wet and dry season physic-chemical properties with no significant difference in the physicochemical properties of water at both seasons. There are similarities in various natural and anthropogenic activities influencing the concentrations during both wet and dry seasons. The mean values of parameters such as pH, TDS, TSS, Bicarbonate, Cl, SO34, NO2, Ca, Mg, K and P are within the permissible limit of WHO and NSDWQ during both seasons except TC.

CHEMICAL SPECIATION OF SOME HEAVY METALS AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT IN WATER AROUND MUNICIPAL DUMPSITES IN JOS, BUKURU AND RAYFIELD, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA

The impact of solid waste disposal on water quality is gaining importance worldwide due to seepage of toxic metals through the soil into the groundwater. Urbanization, industrialization and changes in our life styles have compounded the problem of solid waste management in Nigeria. Poor waste management threatens the health of humans and animals, particularly those livingclose to these pollution point sources.The study area covers Jos-Bukuru and environs in North Central Nigeria. This study was aimed at investigating the chemical species present in groundwater as a result of the impact of solid waste dumpsites in the study area and to evaluate the contributions of the dumpsites to the chemical and physicochemical properties of groundwater around the dumps. Five (5) major dumpsites (Bauchi Road Jos, Rukuba Road Jos, Building Materials Market, Rayfield and Bukuru Town) were sampled for this study. Ten water samples from hand dug wells (two from each site) close to the dumpsites and three controls were collected and analysed for chemical composition and further speciation analysis was conducted on the chemical result to assess the various species present in the waters and possible human health related issues. Results show that the mean values of the pH, temperature, EC, TDS, of the water samples all fall within the WHO permissible limits for portable drinking water. Content of trace elements are generally low in the waters but toxic metal species such as Ba+2, Mn+2, Ni+2, Zn+2, Cd+2, and Pb+2 are common to all the water sources. This study shows that different dumpsites have impacted differently on waters in their different environments. There is the need to curtail the excesses of dumping waste in these areas so as not to add to the exiting contents of toxic metal species in the waters.

Quality assessment of groundwater quality parameters and their correlation with industrial pollution near the catchment area of Kothari River, Bhilwara (Rajasthan, India)

This study is based on groundwater physicochemical parameters and their correlation with industrialpollutants to evaluate the quality of groundwater near the catchment area of Kothari River (Bhilwara).Kothari River originates from the patches of Aravalli Hills and flows through the Rajsamand and Bhilwaradistrict of Rajasthan for about 145 km. In Bhilwara, the catchment area of Kothari River has many textileand other industrial units and these industrial units disposes large amount of untreated toxic industrialpollutants in the Kothari. The groundwater resources near Kothari River has greatly been affected by theuntreated textile and other industrial disposals. This research work was studied the effect of industrialpollutants on the quality of groundwater near Kothari River. The groundwater was bottled from twelvesampling sites during April-May, 2021. The groundwater quality parameters are pH, electrical conductivity(EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl–), fluoride (F–), sulphate (SO42–),biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel(Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), etc. It was perceived that the physicochemicalproperties of groundwater near Kothari River (Bhilwara) were not as per drinking water standards of BISand WHO, and found unsuitable for drinking purposes. The correlation between quality parameters andindustrial pollutants shown that the groundwater near the catchment area of Kothari River werecontaminated with untreated disposals of textile and other industrial pollutants.

Analyzing the Quality and Stability of Ground Water for Irrigation and Human Use in Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India, Using a Hydrological Technique

The physicochemical properties of groundwater were studied by collecting and analysing samples from several sites in and around the Salem region. Thirty samples of groundwater were taken at random from both open wells and borewells. The water quality metrics pH, EC, TDS, Cl-, Bi, SO4 2-, Si, Fe, Al, Ca++, Mg++, and Na+ were used to evaluate the groundwater in the Salem area. Different locations in the Salem area provided information on the quality of the groundwater in the month of October, 2021. The WHO and BIS criteria were used to evaluate the groundwater's viability as a source of drinking water and irrigation. The Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Water Quality Index (WQI), Piper diagram, and Wilcox's categorization were used in the assessment of the water quality. Piper's trilinear diagram was used to determine the impact of anions and cations. Almost all the study regions have questionable groundwater quality during the winter months, making it unsuitable for use in irrigation.

Groundwater Consumption, Quality and Economics in a Higher Education Institution: A Water Sustainability Initiative

The demand for groundwater in a Higher Education Institution is very imperative since it’s the only source of water, all were drawn from its deep wells and shallow wells. The land areas were all occupied by buildings and concrete roads, only two parks have spaces with soil. Thus, the groundwater consumption, quality, and economics of a Higher Education Institution were evaluated. The mixed methods of research were used, checklist, questionnaire, and secondary data from the different offices were made to gather data on the status of the groundwater consumption in terms of water supply facilities and fixtures, the microbiological and physicochemical properties of groundwater to monitor the water quality, the cost of the extracted and distributed groundwater for its economics, including the problems encountered by the stakeholders on water supply and the proposed groundwater sustainability management plan. The volume of groundwater consumption was computed based on the formulas in the Philippine Plumbing Code, the laboratory tests results were compared with the Philippine National Standard on Drinking Water, and the cost of water facilities and fixtures were taken from the office in charge of infrastructure development. The faculty members, non-teaching personnel, and students were interviewed about the problems encountered in the water supply, and based on the results of the study a Water Sustainability Management initial plan was proposed.

Physicochemical properties of groundwater in parts of Irun Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria

Ten groundwater samples from hand dug wells were collected at Irun Akoko within the basement complex of part of southwestern Nigeria. The aim of the study was to determine the groundwater suitability for both drinking and irrigation purposes. The groundwater samples were analysed for some physical and chemical constituents including pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, Na, Ca, Mg, K, Cl, SO4, PO4 and NO3. The pH (7.0 – 7.9) and TDS (12.26 – 19.35 mg/l) of the groundwater indicate that the water is neutral to slightly alkaline and fresh respectively. The order of relative abundance for concentration of cations in the groundwater is K&gt;Ca&gt;Na&gt;Mg, while that of anions is Cl&gt;SO4&gt;NO3&gt;PO4. The concentrations of potassium in about 90% and chloride in about 40 % of the samples were above the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water. Other hydro-geochemical parameters Ca, Mg, Na, SO4, PO4 and NO3 falls within the WHO standards. Values of Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR) classified the water as excellent for irrigation purposes. The Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP) values classified eighty percent of the water to be of good quality and the remaining samples as fair for irrigation purposes. However, using the Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (55.0 – 68.9 %) the samples may have hazardous effects on the soil. Generally, groundwater in the study area is suitable for both domestic and irrigation uses.

Bacteriological and Physicochemical Analysis of Groundwater of Kasur

Earth is a blue planet because of the rudimentary cause of life, that is water. All the biochemical reactions which are pre-requisite for nourishing life of animals and plants, use water as a basic element. Being a universal solvent, it dissolves almost all minerals present in the soil. It is one of the basic and necessary compounds responsible for the survival of life. The main purpose of research was to determine the quality of groundwater in Kasur near the tanneries. The study is focused on the bacteriological and physicochemical (pH, Temperature, DO, BOD, CO2, TOSM, TDS, TM and heavy metals) parameters. We selected four sites as Din Garh, Qatal Garhi, Mangal Mandi and Kot Haleem Khan for investigation. Coliforms were present in high concentration that produce viruses and bacterial diseases such as typhoid fever, hepatitis, gastrocnemii, dysentery and ear infections. World Health Organization (WHO) has justified that the drinkable water must have zero level of coliform and E.coli. Regarding the Total Suspended Matter (TSM), the values ranged from 0.3-0.5g/l in DIN GHARH, 0.2-0.5g/l in QATAL GHARHI, 0.2-0.5g/l in MANGAL MANDI and 0.2-0.6g/l in KOT HALEEM KHAN. The study concludes that the water pollution due to tanneries in Kasur have changed the bacteriological and physicochemical properties of ground water to a considerable level which is not drinkable. It also conclude that groundwater was contaminated with high concentrations of BOD, TOSM, TDS, TM and Heavy metals due to discharge of industrial effluents.

Bacteriological and Physicochemical Analysis of Groundwater of Kasur

Earth is a blue planet because of the rudimentary cause of life, that is water. All the biochemical reactions which are pre-requisite for nourishing life of animals and plants, use water as a basic element. Being a universal solvent, it dissolves almost all minerals present in the soil. It is one of the basic and necessary compounds responsible for the survival of life. The main purpose of research was to determine the quality of groundwater in Kasur near the tanneries. The study is focused on the bacteriological and physicochemical (pH, Temperature, DO, BOD, CO2, TOSM, TDS, TM and heavy metals) parameters. We selected four sites as Din Garh, Qatal Garhi, Mangal Mandi and Kot Haleem Khan for investigation. Coliforms were present in high concentration that produce viruses and bacterial diseases such as typhoid fever, hepatitis, gastrocnemii, dysentery and ear infections. World Health Organization (WHO) has justified that the drinkable water must have zero level of coliform and E.coli. Regarding the Total Suspended Matter (TSM), the values ranged from 0.3-0.5g/l in DIN GHARH, 0.2-0.5g/l in QATAL GHARHI, 0.2-0.5g/l in MANGAL MANDI and 0.2-0.6g/l in KOT HALEEM KHAN. The study concludes that the water pollution due to tanneries in Kasur have changed the bacteriological and physicochemical properties of ground water to a considerable level which is not drinkable. It also conclude that groundwater was contaminated with high concentrations of BOD, TOSM, TDS, TM and Heavy metals due to discharge of industrial effluents.

Investigating the Effects of Landfill in Azad-Shahr City on the Physicochemical Properties of Groundwater

Locations near landfills have a lot of potential for contamination of groundwater, because there is a high potential for contamination with emulsion in these areas. In this study, the quality of physic chemical and carbon-organic materials (TOC) of water wells around landfill of Azad-Shahr city was investigated. To accomplish this purpose, sampling of water from seven deep wells around the landfill site (upstream and downstream of the burial site) was carried out in the spring and summer of 2017. Then, its physicochemical parameters such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), temperature, Potential of Hydrogen (PH), chlorine, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and hardness were measured by standard methods. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is a quantity of the soluble composed quantity of all inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in molecular, ionized or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form. Electrical Conductivity (EC) is a computation of the dissolved material in an aqueous solution, which relates to the capability of the material to treatment electrical current through it. PH (Potential of Hydrogen) is a quantity of the acidity of the water or soil depend on its hydrogen ion condensation and is mathematically determined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion condensation. Based on the results of TDS, chlorine, hardness, water content of wells around landfill were 719±21, 62±19, 333±73(mg.l) and electrical conductivity was 1440±120(μm.cm), respectively. Temperature and PH were 19.5±0.5 and 7.1±0.15 and TOC was 238±240 (mg.l), respectively. Also, the results showed that the concentration of physicochemical parameters of water wells around landfill is below the standard level of the drinking water of the country and the concentration of all the quality parameters in lower wells was measured more than high wells. Except for the hardness parameter, there was no significant relationship with other parameters.

Statistical analysis of water discharging from rocks of different origin: a case study from Turkey

The present study was conducted in Sivas, Karabuk and Bartin regions of Turkey, which have rocks of different origins, agricultural and mining activities. Correlation, principal components, hierarchical cluster and multidimensional scaling analyses were applied to determine the processes controlling the chemical composition of groundwater. The results show that dissolution-weathering process, agricultural activities, oxidation processes of sulfide minerals, mining activities, coal levels, alteration of volcanics and progressive silicate hydrolysis effects the physicochemical properties of groundwater in the study areas. Principal components and multidimensional scaling analyses provided excellent visual representations of the grouping of the waters. The significant variables in the first factor are SO4, Mn, Fe, Al, and pH. The factor represents the groundwater reached by these elements via the dissolution and oxidation processes of sulfide minerals (especially pyrite). Ca, EC, and HCO3 are generally grouped under the second factor representing the dissolution of carbonate rocks. The third factor represented by Na, CO3, and pH is mostly related to alteration of volcanics, progressive silicate hydrolysis and dissolution, and probably ion exchange between Ca and Na. The fourth factor of NO3 and Cl is strongly influenced by agricultural activity. The measurement, analyses and evaluation results showed that the groundwater contamination is caused by (1) NO3 in waters discharging from clastic rocks in areas where intensive agricultural activities are conducted; (2) Al, Fe, Mn, and SO4 ions in water emerging from volcanics containing Pb–Zn–Cu ore deposits; and (3) Al, Fe, and Mn in water issuing from coal levels and altered volcanics. Some of these waters are used by adjacent towns for drinking, domestic, and irrigation purposes.

Decision-tree-model identification of nitrate pollution activities in groundwater: A combination of a dual isotope approach and chemical ions

To develop management practices for agricultural crops to protect against NO3− contamination in groundwater, dominant pollution activities require reliable classification. In this study, we (1) classified potential NO3− pollution activities via an unsupervised learning algorithm based on δ15N- and δ18O-NO3− and physico-chemical properties of groundwater at 55 sampling locations; and (2) determined which water quality parameters could be used to identify the sources of NO3− contamination via a decision tree model. When a combination of δ15N-, δ18O-NO3− and physico-chemical properties of groundwater was used as an input for the k-means clustering algorithm, it allowed for a reliable clustering of the 55 sampling locations into 4 corresponding agricultural activities: well irrigated agriculture (28 sampling locations), sewage irrigated agriculture (16 sampling locations), a combination of sewage irrigated agriculture, farm and industry (5 sampling locations) and a combination of well irrigated agriculture and farm (6 sampling locations). A decision tree model with 97.5% classification success was developed based on SO42− and Cl− variables. The NO3− and the δ15N- and δ18O-NO3− variables demonstrated limitation in developing a decision tree model as multiple N sources and fractionation processes both resulted in difficulties of discriminating NO3− concentrations and isotopic values. Although only the SO42− and Cl− were selected as important discriminating variables, concentration data alone could not identify the specific NO3− sources responsible for groundwater contamination. This is a result of comprehensive analysis. To further reduce NO3− contamination, an integrated approach should be set-up by combining N and O isotopes of NO3− with land-uses and physico-chemical properties, especially in areas with complex agricultural activities.

Ground Water Quality and Multivariate Statistical Methods

In this paper, an attempt was made to study the physico-chemical properties of ground water of the Kozhikode district, Kerala, India, by applying multivariate statistical methods on samples collected from various parts of the study area. Combining principal component analysis and multiple linear regression (MLR), we developed a regression model for predicting total dissolved solids (TDS) in terms of calcium, magnesium, nitrate, sodium, chloride, potassium, bicarbonate and sulfate. This study revealed that statistically, calcium is the most significant component of TDS in the study area. The relevance of the regression model with respect to experimental data was further evaluated by applying structural equation modeling (SEM).

A study of physico-chemical properties of ground water of Kheralutaluka, Gujarat, India

The Mehsana district located in North Gujarat has experienced a growing concern because of itsrecent association with Fluoride toxicity in the form of endemic dental and skeletal fluorosis. The extensive agricultural consumption of groundwater in the area has led to the depletion of its quality. Therefore the present study was aimed to evaluate the groundwater quality, by checking its suitability for drinking water purpose and finding out major contaminants in the area. To fulfill the pupose of study water samples from 60 villages were collected and analysed for various physico-chemical parameters including major cations and anions and were statistically analysed. Geochemical evaluation was also performed using Pipers diagram. 53% samples were moderately hard, 30% samples were exceeding permissible limit of alkalinity while 45% samples have high fluoride content. The hydro-geochemical faces shows that water of kheralutaluka is dominated by alkaline earth metals (Ca2­+ and Mg2+) and the major types of water are of Ca-Cl-HCO3, Ca-HCO3-Cl and Na-HCO3-Cl rest all other samples have mix faces.

Evaluation of the physico-chemical properties of groundwater from shallow wells in Enugu town, Nigeria

Nineteen shallow groundwater samples from Enugu town Southeastern, Nigeria were assessed for groundwater quality. The analytical result showed that Cl− correlated positively with EC and TDS, while NO3 − also displayed strong correlation with Ca2+ and Mg2+. The trend of the cation and anion abundance from the analysis was K+ > Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ and SO4 2− > Cl− > NO3 − > HCO3 −, respectively. The dominant hydrochemical facies consisting 68 % of the water samples fall under the Na+–K+–Cl−–SO4 2− type based on the Piper diagram. Few samples fall under Ca2+–Mg2+–Cl−–SO4 2− water type. The Wilcox diagram indicates that the water of the area under study can be classified as excellent to good, with one under doubtful to unsuitable category. Based on the US salinity plot, the shallow groundwater samples can be classified as good with all the samples falling in the C1S1 field. The analytical plot on the US salinity diagram and the Wilcox diagram reveals that the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation except for sample SWG-2.

Statistical study on physico-chemical properties of groundwater in and around urban stretches of Delhi, India

Groundwater samples collected at different locations in and around Delhi City were analysed for their physico­chemical characteristics. Sampling locations were selected covering all the zones and samples were collected. The present investigation is focused on the determination of physicochemical parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium hardness, turbidity, chlorides, sulphate, nitrate and fluoride. To assess the quality of groundwater, each parameter was compared with the standard desirable limit of that parameter in drinking water as prescribed by different agencies. The parameters were determined according to procedures outlined in the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water APHA. A systematic calculation was made to determine the correlation coefficient 'r' amongst the parameters and the significant values of the observed correlation coefficient between the parameters was worked out. Suggestions were made to improve the quality of groundwater of Delhi area. The study of physico-chemic al characteristics of these groundwater samples suggest that the evaluation of water quality parameters as well as water quality management practices should be carried out periodically to protect the water resources.

Seasonal variation in physico-chemical properties of groundwater around Karu abattoir

This study examined the effect of seasonal variation on the physical, chemical and biological properties of groundwater around Karu abattoir. Water samples were collected from different wells at different distances around the abattoir comprising Group A (within abattoir), Group B (60m from abattoir) and Group C (200-300m from abattoir) for wet and dry seasons. Parameters analysed are temperature, turbidity, TDS, TSS, pH, DO, BOD, total hardness, conductivity, iron content, nitrate, sulphate, E.coli and faecal streptococci. Result of the analyses showed that all the parameters have higher concentration during the wet season than in the dry season in all the Groups, except for BOD, sulphate and iron. Paired sample t-test results revealed that parameters such as TDS, conductivity,DO, nitrate, sulphate and iron have no significant variation in all the Groups. Most of the parameters have their mean values within the WHO standards in both seasons; however mean values for TSS, E.coli and faecal streptococci are higher than the guideline provisions, while DO does not meet the recommended values in both seasons; and BOD values are higher than WHO standard. The study concluded that the water, especially from Groups A and B, are more polluted during the wet season and recommended that it must be adequately treated if it is to be used for drinking.Keywords: Seasonal variation, Groundwater, Abattoir, Effluents, Water quality

Microbial and physicochemical properties of ground water of Ilaro, South-West, Nigeria

The present study was carried out to determine the microbial quality and physicochemical properties of ground water in Ilaro, a semi-urban settlement. Plate count agar (PCA), MacConkey broth and eosin methylene blue agar (EMB) were used in the microbial analysis. The results showed that the most probable number (MPN) ranges from 0 &ndash; 50 per 100 ml while the total viable count (TVC) ranged from 0.07 x 10&sup2; &ndash; 4.12 x 10&sup2; cfu ml-1. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli,Enterobacter aerugenosa and Micrococcus luteus were isolated. The physicochemical properties measured using their respective meters showed that the water was acidic. It was concluded that treatment before consumption is necessary to avoid borne diseases.