Physicochemical Analysis Of Water Samples Research Articles

Threats to the Lower Section of the River after Fish Mortality in the Ecological Environment of the Oder River

This work presents a case study accompanied by an analysis of potential reasons for fish mortality in the lower Oder River during an ecological disaster in August 2022. Changes in physicochemical water quality indicators indicate that fish and benthic organism death was likely due to the creation of hypoxia. The research also highlighted the trophic threats to the studied Oder River section linked to the disaster. The disaster occurred in the upper and middle Oder River, extending to the lower stretch. A physicochemical analysis of water samples revealed that the fish and organism death in the estuarine section was mainly due to reduced dissolved oxygen, caused by the decomposition of organic matter from the upper river sections. This was reinforced by high temperatures and low water levels. The negative trophic consequences of the described ecological disaster for the lower section of the Oder River may be long-term. Over thirty years of monitoring showed threats of excess biogenic compounds, organic matter, and bacterial contamination. Despite decreasing nitrogen and phosphorus, significant phytoplankton blooms implied internal nutrient sources. Considering climate change and the poor trophic status, recurrent disasters and deteriorating conditions are anticipated. Mitigation requires continuous monitoring, limiting the nutrient input (especially phosphorus), and preparing for extreme events. Geotechnical methods in the lower river can improve oxygen levels and fish survival.

Using human cell culture to assess the toxicity of water
 (literature review)

The problem of water sources pollution, connected with increasing anthropogenic charge is attracting a lot of attention nowadays. Most of hygienic evaluation methods of water objects are based on physicochemical analysis of water samples. These methods can’t be considered as consistent in determination of full range of pollutants. Sanitary chemical analysis of water environment, coupled with biological testing seems to be more informative. One of the most prospective research trends nowadays is using human cell lines as test objects. During the preparation of this review, there were used following database sources: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, RISC. As a conclusion of performed sources analysis, we can point at high sensitivity of cell lines, extracted from human digestive (Caco-2, HepG2) and excretory systems (HEK-203) to the influence of pollutants taken from different water sources. The data obtained by the authors indicate both a cytopathic effect and a change in the cytochemical and cytomorphological characteristics of cell cultures under the influence of pollutants in water. The use of human cell cultures as test objects in water biotesting is an urgent direction in the study of water supply sources for drinking and household needs of the population without preliminary purification. The use of human cell cultures in the biotesting of water makes it possible to give not only a toxicological characteristic of water samples, but also to assess the possibility of developing an undesirable effect associated with the ingress of pollutants into the internal environment of the body.

Physicochemical Analysis of Water Samples in Pandharpur Tehsil, Maharashtra (India)

Physicochemical Analysis of Water Samples in Pandharpur Tehsil, Maharashtra (India)

Physico-chemical analysis of water samples collected from various sources under Kohima district

Physico-chemical analysis of water samples collected from various sources under Kohima district

On The Evaluation of Water Quality Index: Case Study of Euphrates River, Iraq

This study is used the water quality index (WQI), which is generated by combining several water quality parameters. This index gives a helpful representation of overall water quality for the public and all intended applications, and it demonstrates that pollution is beneficial in water quality management and decision-making. The Euphrates River was assessed in order to determine the quality of drinking water. The Euphrates River was assessed for drinking water quality using the WQI, which includes ten physicochemical water quality criteria. This was achieved by submitting comprehensive physicochemical analysis of water samples collected from 5 stations in the city of Hit-Iraq during 2020-2021. The ten physicochemical parameters included: pH value, Nitrate (NO3), Sulphate (SO4­), Turbidity, temperature, Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), electric conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). This was accomplished by submitting a full physicochemical analysis of water samples obtained from 5 sites in Hit, Iraq, between 2020 and 2021. The results of the present study show, the total average WQI was 110,156. The high WQI achieved is caused by the high TDS and magnesium concentration due to the different human activities along the river reach. The Euphrates River quality is classified as 'very poor quality' with a minimum WQI of 97.85 in June and 121.75 in November.

Impact Assessment of Dumpsite Effect on Groundwater Quality Using Geophysical and Geochemical Techniques in Balogun Iwaya, Lagos Southwestern Nigeria

Waste disposal and management is a challenge in developing countries and has great influence on the groundwater quality. This research aimed at assessing the impact of leachate on nearby wells within the vicinity of active dumpsite in Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. Four vertical electrical sounding and four electrical resistivity tomography using Schlumberger and Wenner electrode configurations respectively were carried out at the dumpsite. Physicochemical analysis of water samples from neighbouring wells were also conducted. The geo-electric curve showed four different subsurface layers. The electrical resistivity surveys revealed low resistivity values of s uspected leachate between 1.77 and 39.1 Ωm at a maximum depth of 20.8 m from the subsurface. The leachate polluted area is characterized by low resistivity values ranging from 1 to 10 Ωm, the thickness ranged from 0.5 to 9.2 m and the dir ection of leachate flow is from the northeast to southwest of the canal. The physicochemical analysis revealed that SO42- (70 - 89 mg/l) and Cl- (115.7 - 190.5 mg/l) have values within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit. The pH (5.08 - 6.07), Electrical conductivity (774-1028 μS /cm) and the total dissolved solids values fall below WHO limit. The impact assessment of dumpsite effect revealed that the groundwater quality was affected by the leachate flow.

Geophysical and physicochemical investigations of an area contaminated by tannery waste: a case study from southern Brazil

The process of tanning bovine leather produces several types of waste that, due to their high organic load, can deplete the dissolved oxygen in watercourses. The scope of this study is the investigation of the shallow subsurface by geophysical methods of electrical resistivity (ER) and induced polarization (IP) and physicochemical analyses of water samples in an area in southern Brazil in which a tannery industry is located. The main element used in this sector is chromium (Cr), and the concentration and mobility of this element are related to its speciation. To obtain the geophysical data, 12 resistivity survey lines were performed in a dipole–dipole array (AB = MN = 10 m) at six investigation levels (≅ 15 m deep). The geophysical results were represented in two- and three-dimensional models that characterized the contaminant plume by low resistivities ( 50 Ω m and > 3 mV/V), which were interpreted as regoliths and underlying uncontaminated sandstones. The models made it possible to estimate the dimensions of the contaminant plume (50 × 60 m and 7 m deep) and to determine that its flow direction was preferentially downstream. Some of the analyzed physicochemical parameters, such as chromium, iron, and ammoniacal nitrogen concentrations; biochemical and chemical oxygen demand; and conductivity (σ), exceeded the maximum values or concentrations recommended by Brazilian references. The occurrence of hexavalent chromium seems to be associated with slightly acidic and oxidizing environments. The results suggest that the contaminated area is restricted to the area near the pollution source. Studies using this approach could contribute to environmental management.

Impact of Domestic and Industrial Effluent Discharge on the Tank Ecosystem in Pallipattu Block, Tamil Nadu, India

The impact of untreated effluent from dye industries and domestic sewage that are discharged into the irrigation tank in Pandravedu village in South India was assessed through physico-chemical analysis of water samples and focus group discussion with the community. Thirty-six samples were collected from the study area across three seasons and analysed in the laboratory. The irrigation water quality indices computed indicated that the levels of sodium, salinity and hardness exceeded the permissible limits of irrigation standards. Consequently, rice yield had reduced by 40% in the region, thereby affecting the livelihood of the farmers. The colour of fishes in the tank also changed and their consumption contributed to health-related issues in the village.

Plasmid Profile of Multiple Antibiotics Resistant (mar) Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Water Samples from Ebira Communities in Ekiti South Senatorial District

Plasmid curing of microbes and physicochemical analysis of water samples obtained from Ebira communities in six local governments in Ekiti South Senatorial District were analyzed. Antibiotic sensitivity and profile of bacterial isolates were analyzed using pour plating, disk diffusion method and gel electrophoresis techniques respectively while the plasmid were cured using acridine orange. The mean total bacterial count of the water samples collected from these six different local governments at different time ranged from 2.08 x 105 to 6.0 x 106 CFU/ml; the mean total coliform count ranged from 2.41 x 105 to 3.75 x 106 CFU/ml and the mean total Escherichia coli count (TEC) ranged from 1.53 x 105 to 3.45 x 105 CFU/ml. Total of 152 bacteria were recovered with E.coli having the highest distribution of 35% while Serratia marcensens had the least distribution of 0.7%. The highest antibiotic resistance of 100% was recorded against ceftazidine but only 17% of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin. About 56% of 34 selected MAR isolates carried plasmid(s) with high molecular weight ranging from 5.64Kbp to 23.13Kbp. Antibiotic resistance pattern and plasmids profile of selected MAR E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus prior to and after curing showed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa became susceptible to augmentin and Staphylococcus aureus also became susceptible to ceftriazole while E. coli still maintained the earlier resistant pattern. The plasmid profiling of these isolates after curing indicated the lost of plasmids in each of the isolates. Present study however implicated the incidence of MAR bacteria in the sources of water in Ekiti-South Senatorial district as a serious health challenge, and confirmed the potential of acridine orange for plasmid curing.

Dynamics of Aromatase and Physiological Indexes in Male Fish as Potential Biomarkers of Anthropogenic Pollution.

Endocrine disruption on aquatic wildlife is being increasingly reported, and the changes in gene aromatase expression are used as indicators. However, natural fluctuations in brain and gonadal aromatase expression and physiological indexes have not been previously measured in a fish species (Jenynsia multidentata) throughout a complete reproductive cycle, nor the biological effects of anthropogenic inputs on these responses. Accordingly, males were monthly collected over a year in both, a reference and a contaminated site. Physicochemical analyses of water samples were done and reflected a strong anthropogenic impact. Brain aromatase fluctuates along the reproductive cycle of this species and, noticeably, the increase of brain gene expression begins with a 1month delay in the contaminated site. This mismatch is also evidenced for testes weight. Hepatosomatic index also revealed adverse effects in the polluted site. In turn, the alterations observed in biological responses could be affecting the reproduction of this fish species.

Geophysical and geochemical site investigation of eastern part of Lagos metropolis, southwestern Nigeria

Geophysical and geochemical studies were carried out in the eastern part of Lagos metropolis to determine the possible contamination of subsurface soils and groundwater as a result of dumping of waste into the canal. The geophysical method involved the use of 2D electrical resistivity imaging which was acquired along five (5) traverses, while the geochemical method involved the physicochemical analysis of water samples from nine (9) wells within the study area. The geochemical study includes the analysis of physical parameters like total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH and temperature. Seventy elements which include trace elements (such as As, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, U and Zn), major cations (such as Ca, K, Mg and Na) and anions (Cl and Br) were analysed, and the concentrations of the elements were compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) permissible level for drinking water. Geophysical results show that the lithology is composed of topsoil, clayey sand, peat and sand. 2D electrical resistivity tomography revealed that the leachate and polluted water from the canal have percolated to the subsurface soil down to a depth of about 37 m with low resistivity values of 1–13 Ω m. In addition to this, result of physicochemical analysis of water samples shows that Mn, Br, TDS, and EC were high in some wells, above the WHO and NSDWQ standard. It was deduced that the subsurface has been invaded by the polluted water from the canal consequently, making the groundwater unsuitable for human consumption.

English

This study determined the quality of surface and underground water in Itagunmodi in Nigeria. Physicochemical analysis of water samples collected within gold mining area and the water consumed in the town was carried out to determine their hygienic conditions. The major objective of this study was assessment degree of groundwater pollution around the mining sites and the available water consumed in the town. Four major sources of water were analyzed. Several physical and chemical parameters were tested in groundwater, these include pH, total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl-1), sulphur (S), heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu), major cation (Mg). The results show that the parameters are within the standard acceptable levels which are required for drinking water adapted from World Health Organization. The pH of the samples was suitable for drinking according to the World Health Organization standard. For a safe drinking water, the pH should be between 6.5 and 8.5); it can be said that the water quality of the samples are fairly good based on the monitored elements and physicochemical characteristics. Key words: Groundwater, conductivity, heavy metals, gold mining site, pollution.

Seasonal Alteration in Physico-Chemical characteristics of Ground Water Quality Around Amarkantak Thermal Power Plant, Chachai, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Abstract: The ground water quality is relatively based on the geo-morphological and environmental conditions, which are the key source to assess the alteration in physico chemical properties of water quality of the system and surroundings. The current study is an outcome of continual observation and physicochemical analysis of water samples collected in a fix time of intervals during different seasons of year from the radius of 3-4 km considering Amarkantak Thermal Power Station in Chachai (M.P.), as centre of study point and impartible source of Environmental pollutants. In order to scrutinize the Physico-Chemical Properties of Surface water to assess the suitability for domestic purposes, water samples were collected from five different locations in the surrounding of ATPS, Chachai in summer, monsoon and winter seasons. The ground water samples were analysed for 14 physico-chemical parameters. Significant changes have been observed in the water quality during the year. the pH ranged from 7.128.30, conductivity differed 231-1392 (μs/cm), TDS ranged 148-891 ppm, however fluctuation was higher in Total Hardness from 118-512 ppm, but changes in Ca and Mg hardness is noticeable. Alkalinity was reported minimum 136 and maximum 380 ppm, while the concentration of chloride varied from 14-210 ppm. The concentration of nitrate observed in between 8-58 ppm, sulphate ranged 24-230 ppm and phosphate found within the permissible limits in all sample points. The studied physico-chemical parameters of 3 locations out of 5 sampling station reveal that, water quality is appropriate for domestic and drinking purpose except two locations due to higher limits of turbidity, conductivity, TDS, hardness, Alkalinity and Nitrate concentration against BIS: 10500 standards.

Effectiveness of storage as a point-of-use means of improving the bacteriological quality of drinking water

The evaluation of the effectiveness of storage as a point-of-use means for improving the bacteriological quality of drinking water was carried out using a completely randomized block design. Total plate and total coliform counts were enumerated for day 0 -10 samples using Nutrient Agar (NA) and multiple tube techniques respectively. Physicochemical analyses of water samples were carried out using standard procedures including titrimetric methods. Ten bacteria species including Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Citrobacter freundil, Salmonella typhymurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Arizona spp., Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes were isolated from water samples obtained from borehole, well and sachet water samples in the study area. For day zero samples, it was found that the total bacteria counts ranged from 1.01x102 to 4.38 x102 CFU/mL for borehole, 0.57x102 to 2.13x102 CFU/mL for well and 0.54x102 to 0.92x102 CFU/mL for sachet water. A significant reduction in bacteria load was recorded for all samples from day 2 to day 7 when the water samples were monitored over a period of ten days. The results reveal that water storage for 2-7 days is a viable point-of-use method of household level drinking water disinfection. © 2013 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Nigerian Institute of Standards, Coliforms, water storage, E.coli.

The impact of industrial effluent discharge on physico-chemical and microbial parameters of Orogodo River, Agbor, Nigeria

The microbiological and physico-chemical analyses of water samples obtained from the Orogodo River, Agbor, at point of industrial effluent discharge (Location 2) and at 100 m before (Location 1) and 100 m after (Location 3), were carried out using standard methods to determine the impact of the discharge on the water quality. While the temperature, conductivity, biological oxygen demand, and coliform counts increased from Stations 1 to 3 and pH, hardness, alkalinity and dissolved oxygen decreased from Stations 1 to 3, the solids (total, suspended and dissolved) and nitrates increased from Station 1 to 2 and decreased thereafter to Station 3 while heterotrophic bacterial counts increased from Station 1 to 2 and 3 and sulphate, which was equal for Stations 1 and 2, decreased in Station 3. Most of the parameters were above set limits by regulatory bodies. Thus, the industrial effluents contained much solids and oxygen-demanding materials with deleterious effects on the water quality, to the extent that it may not be potable without treatment. There is the paramount need to treat these industrial effluents prior to discharge into the River Orogodo. Key words: Water, analyses, effluent, treatment, discharge, potable.

Physicochemical status of water samples from hand-dug wells in Ajebamidele area of Ado-Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria

Physicochemical analysis of water samples from hand-dug wells in Ajebamidele area of Ado-Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria were carried out in order to assess the quality of water from these sources. Samples were taken from 24 evenly distributed wells and 20 parameters were determined. The results showed variations in physicochemical quality of water from the hand-dug wells. A synthesis of the data indicates that most of the well waters are potable since the concentrations of ions in majority of the samples are below the maximum permissible level indicated in the World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Complimentary pre-use treatments would enhance the quality status of the well water as desirable.© 2009 International Formulae Group. All rights reservedKeywords: Regolith, pollution, potability, wells, parameters.

Bitlis İli İçme Sularının Bazı Mikrobiyolojik ve Fizikokimyasal Özellikleri

In the present study, microbiological and physicochemical qualities of drinking water obtained from the city of Bitlis and its provinces (Adilcevaz, Ahlât, Guroymak, Hizan and Tatvan) were studied. A total of 164 water samples, collected from tank and tap waters in spring and autumn, were used as material. Aerobic plate counts were carried out by pour plate technique. While membrane filtration method was used for the counts of enterococcus, coliform, E. coli and sulphite reducing anaerobic bacteria and standard methods were recruited for physicochemical analysis. The results of physicochemical analysis of water samples were found to be in conformity with the standard regulations. Microbiological results of water, however, did not comply with required standards since the findings showed 30% enterococci, 12% coliform, 24% sulphite reducing anaerobic and 8% E. coli. The mean values of pH, Na and Mg, and presence of bacteria except E. coli were higher in autumn than spring. Effect of residential areas on aerobic plate count, coliform and E. coli were found to be insignificant (p>0.05), the effects on all other variables were found to be significant (p<0.05).

Some new and interesting ecological observations on desmids from the Province of Vojvodina (Northern Serbia)

A detailed qualitative investigation of the desmid community in the territory of the Province of Vojvodina (Northern Serbia, part of the Pannonian Plain) revealed a surprisingly high number of desmid taxa. Although most of the desmids were marked as rare, according to the results of physico-chemical analyses of water samples, several taxa were frequently recorded in habitats that are generally deemed unsuitable for desmids. The ecological characteristics of 18 desmid taxa, some of which known as acidophilic and/or oligotrophic, are briefly discussed. The unexpected presence of many desmid taxa is explained by assuming that their tolerance threshold to various physico-chemical parameters has changed considerably.

Relationships between algae taxa and physico-chemical characteristics of water in wetlands and waterbodies

A study of algae flora was performed on 16 samples collected in different aquatic environments in Bamenda (Cameroon) in order to evidence the relationships between algae assemblages and physico-chemical parameters of the milieu. A total of 22 algae species were identified, the most represented class being Bacillariophyceae (8 species), followed by the Cyanophyceae (5 species), Zygnemataceae (4 species), Euglenophyceae (3 species) and finally Chlorophyceae (2 species). Physicochemical analyses of water samples suggest evidences of organic pollution related to anthropogenic activities, running waters being less affected than stagnant ones. This organic pollution is inferred from highest values of TDS and conductivity. The Correspondence Analysis (CA) displayed four groups of algae on the two first axes. On axis 1 the discriminating factor is the current, because running water sites are opposed to stagnant water ones. Unfortunately measured values of water current are not available to precise that hypothesis, our interpretations in this paper are based on relative data. The second axis reveals the opposition between oligotrophic and eutrophic waters, and could be considered as a gradient of organic pollution. The species Navicula sp, Gomphonema sp, Ulothrix sp., Nostoc sp., Amphora sp., Pinnularia sp., Tabellaria sp. and Lyngbya sp. are associated to low values of TDS and conductivity while Phacus sp., Closterium sp., Euglena sp. and Trachelomonas sp. thrive better in high polluted waters. The distribution of these algae identified as indicators of high organic pollution, evidenced a spatial variability of organic pollution in accordance with the water physicochemical parameters monitored. This variability is probably modulated by the presence in the sampling sites of macrophytes that are efficient in removing pollutants. Keywords : Bamenda, algae, correspondence analyse, organic pollution, phytoremediation CaJEB Vol. 3 (2) 2007: pp. 70-79

Correlation between damping of sea ripples and other physico-chemical properties in coastal marine water

Rheological data of the marine surface obtained from frequency wave spectra are compared with physico-chemical analyses of water samples drawn simultaneously from half a meter below the interface in fifteen preselected locations along a stretch of Tuscan Coast located between the Arno and Serchio rivers. The study has proved the presence of adsorption films tightly related to the rivers' plumes. A good correlation between the anionic surfactants detected in gas-bubble-enriched samples and the adsorbent excess measured at the surface has been observed. Implications of the multifrequency radar remote-sensing technique are here discussed.