Physical Training Of Children Research Articles

До питання доцільності впровадження варіативного модуля «фітнес» у процес фізичного виховання дітей із вадами слуху

Актуальність. Адаптивне фізичне виховання – новий напрям у науковому та освітньому просторі, який потребує постійного розвитку й удосконалення, за допомогою пошуку нових форм і методів роботи з дітьми, котрі мають різні вади в індивідуальному розвитку. Аналіз наукової та науково-методичної літератури, Інтернет-джерел й ознайомлення з практикою роботи спеціальних шкіл для дітей із вадами слуху дає підставу стверджувати, що зміст програм із фізичного виховання для цієї категорії школярів є недостатньо розробленим. Мета дослідження – вивчити можливість впровадження елементів фітнесу в процес фізичного виховання дітей із вадами слуху. У процесі дослідження ми використовували такі методи, як аналіз науково-методичних літературних та Інтернет-джерел, синтез, систематизація, конкретизація. Результати дослідження. Ураження слухового аналізатора позначається на роботі вестибулярного й кінестетичного апаратів, що супроводжується затримкою формування прямостояння, порушенням м’язового тонусу та здатності підтримки рівноваги, недорозвиненням просторової орієнтації, утрудненнями в диференціації рухових відчуттів і виконанні складнокоординаційних рухів. У зв’язку з цим важливого значення набуває впровадження в спеціальній школі для дітей означеної нозології відповідної системи педагогічних заходів, яка б забезпечувала належний рівень розвитку фізичних якостей у поєднанні з корекційно-оздоровчою спрямованістю процесу адаптивного фізичного виховання. Висновки. Наявність суперечностей між психологічними, соціальними й фізичними потребами дітей із вадами слуху та їхніми можливостями визначає пошук і наукове обґрунтування ефективних шляхів корекції наявних у них рухових порушень засобами адаптивного фізичного виховання, зокрема впровадженням варіативного модуля «Фітнес» із використанням таких його видів, як «Степ-аеробіка», «Фітбол-гімнастика», «Пілатес» та «Стабілізація», і відповідного обладнання, зокрема еспандера-тренажера «Метелик», еспандера «Mini Bands», гумових стрічок, обручів для Пілатесу, степ-платформ, фітболів, балансувальних платформ.

Cardiac deformation parameters and rotational mechanics by cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking in pre-adolescent male soccer players.

The purpose of the study was to analyse whether prolonged and regular physical training in children leads to changes in myocardial systolic deformation and rotational mechanics. For that purpose, cardiac MRI feature tracking was performed retrospectively in 35 pre-adolescent male soccer players and 20 matched controls. There were no changes in global strain, but left ventricular twist and apical rotation were greater in soccer players, which adds to the features of paediatric athlete's heart.

ОРИГИНАЛЬНОЕ ПРОЕКТНОЕ РЕШЕНИЕ МАЛОГО РЕКРЕАЦИОННО-ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА

The article deals with the architectural design of the recreational and tourist complex “School traveler Fyodor Konyukhov” in the Domodedovo district of Moscow region, near the village Bityagovo. The paper notes the problem of quality recreation spaces and their organizations for teenagers analyzes the necessary steps to arrange such spaces on the basis of the bottom of the project where you will be training and preparing children and their parents to family travel. The basic concepts of architectural complex formation, given the technical characteristics of the project goals and objectives of the project. The main objectives of the project “clearing rallies”: spiritual and moral education; promoting tourism and a healthy lifestyle; the military-Patriotic upbringing of youth in spirit of devotion and love for his Homeland; physical training of children and youth to challenging treks and expeditions; the development of creative and sporting talent in children; help the youth in determining their life path. The plans of the investors of the project cultural events: organization of meetings of youth groups from all over Russia; celebration of important historical dates; the holding of thematic festivals and exhibitions; festivals and finding new talent; contests and events; creation Museum travelers and the Russian walk of Fame; the creation of children’s theatre; classes in astronomy with experts, workshops; planting and study of trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, including medicinal.

Physical training of handball players with top qualification

171 versiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta, Vol. 82, No. 2, pp. 165-170. 5. Solodkov, A.S. and Yesina, E.M. (1999), “Physical and functional development of children of preschool age of St. Petersburg”, Physical culture: education, education, training, No. 1-2, pp. 12-15. 6. Solodkov, A.S. and Yesina, E.M. (2004), “Correction of physical and functional development of children by rationalization of a motive mode”, Adaptive physical culture, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 17-22. 7. Solodkov A.S. and Sologub E.B. (2001), Age physiology: studies grant, publishing house GAFK of P.F. Lesgafta, St.-Petersburg, Russian Federation. 8. Spirin, V.K. (2002), Technique of improving physical training of children of school age: monograph, publishing house of VLGIFK, Velikie Luki, Russian Federation. 9. Hripkova, A.G., Antropov, M.V. and Farber D.A. (1990), Age physiology and school hygiene, publishing house “Education”, Mosvow, Russian Federation. Контактная информация: timofeev03@mail.ru

The Effect of Physical Training in Children With Asthma on Pulmonary Function, Aerobic Capacity and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials

Asthma is a leading cause of chronic illness in children, impacting heavily on their daily life and participation in physical activity. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the evidence for the use of physical therapy to improve pulmonary function and aerobic capacity in children with asthma. Furthermore, the review aims to update previous literature on the effect of exercise on health related quality of life. A search was conducted for randomized control trials (RCTs) using the electronic databases Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, AMED, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies were included if the participants were asthmatic children aged 6-18 years participating in any mode of physical exercise. Studies were reviewed for study quality, participant details, exercise intervention details, and intervention outcomes. A total of 16 studies and 516 subjects met inclusion criteria for review. Severity of asthma ranged from mild to severe. No improvement in pulmonary function was observed. Physical training led to an increase in aerobic capacity as measured by VO(2max) (mL/kg/min). Findings suggest that physical training does not improve pulmonary function in children with asthma, but does increase aerobic capacity. The small number of studies investigating quality of life suggests that physical training does improve health related quality of life; however further well designed randomized control trials are needed to verify these findings.

Didactic model of physical training of children aged 5-7 years old in preschool educational institution with participation of parents and training devices

81 У спортсменов мужского пола продолжению занятий сопутствует установка на достижение результата. Когда мальчик попадает в истинно мужской вид спорта, то это соответствует его гендерной роли и не вызывает удивления, поэтому одним присутствием на занятиях не проявить индивидуальности, на тебя обратят внимание, только в случае достижения определенного уровня спортивного мастерства. Как следствие этого достижения – подчеркивание в себе «мужского». С установками на достижение результата мальчики чаще девочек приходят в тхэквондо, что можно считать как изначально большую мотивированность спортсменов мужского пола на продолжительные занятия, поскольку очевидно, что за короткий промежуток времени не возможно научиться всему необходимому для приобретения высокой квалификации. Выяснено, что у квалифицированных спортсменов, как мужского, так и женского пола на протяжении занятий не снижается мотивационная ценность прикладного аспекта восточных единоборств. Большинство новичков, выучив несколько приемов, считают себя способными защититься при нападении, в то время как спортсмены, тренирующиеся не один год, осознают всю сложность и многоплановость техники тхэквондо и необходимость ее постоянного совершенствования, чтобы не только выступить в соревновательном поединке, проходящем по установленным правилам, но и суметь противостоять при неожиданной угрозе в неординарной ситуации. У опытных спортсменов практически не обнаружены межполовые различия в мотивах увлечения единоборствами. Для девочек занимающихся несколько лет, уже не столь значимо выделиться перед окружающими. Для них, также как и для мальчиков, ведущим мотивом становится достижение высокого результата, стремление к тому, чтобы их многолетняя практика могла вылиться в приобретение той статусной платформы, которая поможет их дальнейшему продвижению в жизни. Причем, опытные спортсменки отмечали у себя это желание достичь чего-то уже на начальном этапе, при выборе спортивной специализации. То есть, изначально мотивировали себя на продолжительные занятия. Имеющиеся на начальном этапе различия в мотивах занятий единоборствами – ориентация девочек на превосходство над другими, мальчиков – на достижение спортивных результатов, у квалифицированных спортсменов с длительным стажем занятий исчезают. В целом, приверженности к занятиям тхэквондо как у спортсменов мужского, так и женского пола сопутствуют мотивы прикладного значения единоборств, стремление к достижению высоких результатов, желание совершенствовать физические и психические качества, сформированные уже на начальных этапах и устойчивые во времени. Контактная информация: bakulev_boks@mail.ru

Changes in Endurance and Walking Ability Through Functional Physical Training in Children with Cerebral Palsy

To investigate the feasibility and effect of a functional physical training program on aerobic endurance and walking ability of children with cerebral palsy. Thirteen children (8-13 years, Gross Motor Function Classification System level I or II, with normal intelligence or mild retardation) participated in this study. A functional physical training program addressing aerobic endurance, walking distance, walking velocity, and ambulation, consisted of a circuit with 4 stations and lasted 30 minutes twice weekly for 9 weeks. The Bruce, 6-minute-run test, Timed Up and Down Stairs Test, and Ambulation Questionnaire were administered 2 weeks before the start, immediately after, and 11 weeks after the intervention. Significant improvement in aerobic endurance, walking distance, and ambulation were observed immediately after the intervention. Maximum treadmill time had improved significantly at 11 weeks. A functional physical training improves the aerobic endurance and the functional walking ability of children with cerebral palsy.

Pedagogic experience of using controlled info media in physical training of children with hearing impairment

The article provides pedagogic foundations of physical training with hearing pathology by means of audiovisual exposure

Physical Training in Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta

To study the effects of a physical training program on exercise capacity, muscle force, and subjective fatigue levels in patients with mild to moderate forms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). Thirty-four children with OI type I or IV were randomly assigned to either a 12-week graded exercise program or care as usual for 3 months. Exercise capacity and muscle force were studied; subjective fatigue, perceived competence, and health-related quality of life were secondary outcomes. All outcomes were measured at baseline (T = 0), after intervention (T = 1), and after 6 and 9 months (T = 2 and T = 3, respectively). After intervention (T = 1), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), relative VO2peak (VO2peak/kg), maximal working capacity (Wmax), and muscle force were significantly improved (17%, 18%, 10%, and 12%, respectively) compared with control values. Subjective fatigue decreased borderline statistically significantly. Follow-up at T = 2 showed a significant decrease of the improvements measured at T = 1 of VO2peak, but VO2peak/kg, Wmax, and subjective fatigue showed no significant difference. At T = 3, we found a further decrease of the gained improvements. A supervised training program can improve aerobic capacity and muscle force and reduces levels of subjective fatigue in children with OI type I and IV in a safe and effective manner.

Effect of physical training in children and adolescents with congenital heart disease.

In order to test the effect of systematic supervised physical training, we divided a total of 129 children and adolescents with congenital heart disease into a group undergoing intervention and a control group. All patients underwent exercise tests, measurements of physical activity, and a survey of psychosocial factors. An improvement in uptake of peak level of oxygen was observed after intervention. There was also an improvement in physical activity in both groups measured by a monitor, although this was significant only in those with intervention. The psychosocial scales measured by the Child Behavior Checklist showed a decrease in internalizing scores for those subjected to intervention. This was decreased due to decreased withdrawal and somatic complaints. In conclusion, we recommend systematic supervised training, including testing of routine follow-ups, in patients with congenital heart disease.

Physical Training of Children with Juvenile Chronic Arthritis: Effects on Force, Endurance and EMG Response to Localized Muscle Fatigue

We examined force, endurance and the electromyographic response to muscle fatigue in ten children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) and ten age-matched healthy controls before and after physical training. Our main finding was a reduced electromyographic response to localized muscle fatigue in the patient group. After training there was a tendency towards a normalized response pattern. A possible explanation may be selective type-II muscle fiber atrophy, and recovery of these fibers after training.

Excessive Physical Training in Children and Adolescents

Excessive Physical Training in Children and Adolescents

Excessive physical training in children and adolescents: International Federation of Sports Medicine (IFMS)

Excessive physical training in children and adolescents: International Federation of Sports Medicine (IFMS)

The prediction of maximal oxygen uptake before and after physical training in children.

Maximal oxygen consumption (V O2 max) expressed in ml/kg/min and predicted V O2 max were determined before and after 8 weeks of training in 24 boys 10-12 years. Training involved 13 of them while 11 were controls. Predicted V O2 max was based on submaximal cycling heart rate according to the Astrand-Rhyming procedure. Pre-training, V O2 max was underpredicted by 12 per cent. This resulted mainly from an apparently low cycling efficiency in these subjects compared to that implicit in the prediction equation. Although adjustments in the prediction equation could equalize the means for V O2 max and predicted V O2 max, the rather low correlation (r = .55) between these measures precluded the accurate prediction of individual scores. V O2 max remained unchanged with training while submaximal heart rate during bicycle and treadmill exercise showed a significant decrease, resulting in predicted increases in V O2 max in children. Since V O2 max was actually unchanged, the prediction falsely indicated an improvement. Furthermore, despite a significantly lower heart rate in the trained group, there was no difference in predicted V O2 max between the groups post-training. These findings indicate that if V O2 max is the parameter of interest, it would seem to be more satisfactory to measure it directly until more reliable methods of prediction are developed.

Motor Excitability in Trained and Untrained Children

Physical training in children between 12 and 14 years (9 h weekly of gymnastics) increases excitability of motor nerve fibres as measured by short electrical square pulses of constant current applied

Physical Training of Children

Physical Training of Children

A Text-book of Physical Exercises adapted for the Use of Elementary Schools

THIS book calls for notice in NATURE because the exercises in it are founded upon a physiological basis. In a lucid introduction, Dr. Carter deals with “The Physiology of Exercise,” and what he says should be read and digested by every teacher who has to do with the physical training of children. A knowledge of the structure and functions of muscular tissue is essential in order to fully appreciate the value of different exercises. For to know the physiological effects of exercise, the cause of fatigue, breathlessness, the nature of muscular stiffness, the reason why rest is necessary for the renewal of reserve force and the relief of muscular pains, is to possess the ability to judge the suitability of this or that exercise for the purpose of physical development.