Physical Stamina Research Articles

Trakeobronkomalasi hos barn

This clinical review article aims to describe symptoms and findings in cases of paediatric tracheobronchomalacia to help achieve the correct diagnosis and treatment. Symptoms and signs vary from reduced physical stamina, barking cough, productive cough and gurgling to obstructive episodes or episodes with stridor, which in some cases can be life-threatening. The range of symptoms overlaps with other pulmonary diseases, such as asthma, which increases the risk of misdiagnosis and treatment error. Bronchoscopy is the main diagnostic tool but is resource intensive.

Preconditioning with Ginsenoside Rg3 mitigates cardiac injury induced by high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia exposure in mice by suppressing ferroptosis through inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway

Ethnopharmacological relevanceGinseng has historically been utilized as a conventional herbal remedy and dietary supplement to enhance physical stamina and alleviate fatigue. The primary active component of Ginseng, Ginsenoside Rg3 (GS-Rg3), possesses diverse pharmacological properties including immune modulation and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, GS-Rg3 has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating tissue and organ damage associated with metabolic disorders such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia. Nevertheless, its potential impact on high-altitude cardiac injury (HACI) remains insufficiently explored. Aim of the studyThe aim of this study was to examine the potential cardioprotective effects of Ginsenoside Rg3, and to investigate how Ginsenoside Rg3 preconditioning can enhance high-altitude cardiac injury by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway and ferroptosis in cardiac tissue. The findings of this study may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies using traditional Chinese medicine for high-altitude cardiac injury, based on experimental evidence. Materials and methodsA hypobaric hypoxia chamber was employed to simulate hypobaric hypoxia conditions equivalent to an altitude of 6000 m. Through a randomization process, groups of six male mice were assigned to receive either saline, Ginsenoside Rg3 at doses of 15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg, or lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) at 1 mg/kg. The impact of Ginsenoside Rg3 on high altitude-induced arrhythmias was evaluated using electrocardiography. Cardiac pathology sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin were evaluated for damage, with the extent of cardiomyocyte damage observed via transmission electron microscopy. The impact of Ginsenoside Rg3 on high-altitude cardiac injury was investigated through analysis of serum biomarkers for cardiac injury (CK-MB, BNP), inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6, IL-1β), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH). The expression levels of hypoxia and hypoxia-related proteins in myocardial tissues from each experimental group were assessed using Western blot analysis. Following a review of the existing literature, the traditional regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis were examined. Immunofluorescence staining of cardiac tissues and Western blotting techniques were utilized to investigate the impact of Ginsenoside Rg3 on cardiomyocyte ferroptosis through the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia exposure. ResultsPre-treatment with Ginsenoside Rg3 improved high altitude-induced arrhythmias, reduced cardiomyocyte damage, decreased cardiac injury biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines, and lowered the expression of hypoxia-related proteins in myocardial tissues. Both Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining of cardiac tissues demonstrated that exposure to high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia results in elevated expression of ferroptosis and proteins related to the RhoA/ROCK pathway. Experimental validation corroborated that the role of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in mediating ferroptosis. ConclusionsThe findings of our study suggest that preconditioning with Ginsenoside Rg3 may attenuate cardiac injury caused by high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia exposure in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis through the suppression of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. These findings contribute to the current knowledge of Ginsenoside Rg3 and high-altitude cardiac injury, suggesting that Ginsenoside Rg3 shows potential as a therapeutic agent for high-altitude cardiac injury.

SP5.11 - The Impact of Total Pelvic Exenteration on Surgeon Fatigue: Is it time we monitor our surgeons?

Abstract Aims Total pelvic exenteration surgery (TPE) is a radical procedure requiring significant surgeon mental and physical stamina. Literature surrounding surgeon fatigue remains minimal. This study investigated impact of performing high complexity TPE on surgeon fatigue. Methods Two surgeons ([#1]/[#2]) delivering high complexity TPEs between 1st November 2022 – 1st September 2023 in a tertiary centre (110/annum) were assessed using a predefined protocol. Surgeon heart rate, concentration performance (d2 Brickencamp test) and Surgery Task Load Index (SURG-TLX) were measured across intraoperative stages (mobilisation, dissection, reconstruction). Surgeons underwent baseline cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Results All-cause mortality rate was 0% at median follow up of 3 (1-11) months. Baseline VO2 max and anaerobic thresholds: #1 = 37.6 mL/kg/min, 50% and #2 = 54.3 mL/kg/min, 70%. Mean error rate (ER): d2 test 1 and 2: #1 = 3.58% [0.91%–8.60%] [SD = 3.16, 95% CI = 0.27 to 6.91], #2 = 4.46% [1.37%–7.23%] [SD = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.79 to 7.14]. Greater HR deviation correlated with higher test 2 ER for both subjects (p>0.05). During dissection, mean HR increased from baseline: mean of 70% [#1] and 51.9% [#2]; max HR 106.7% [#1] and 111.5% [#2]. Subjects demonstrated smaller mean HR increase from baseline during dissection operating together versus with junior trainees (#1 = 46.7% [p< 0.001] and #2 = 48.1% [p>0.05]). SURG-TLX situational stress domain was most impacted. Conclusions Surgeon HR fluctuations corresponded with significant intraoperative events. Assistant dependent HR fluctuation and increased average d2 ER was demonstrated by greater HR deviations during dissection. Further investigation optimising strategies minimising surgeon fatigue is required.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EFFECTIVE FAMILY COMMUNICATION AND PERSONAL HYGIENE IN THE ELDERLY IN JATIMAKMUR BEKASI CITY

A person who is in the elderly phase experiences changes both physically and mentally and socially. Physical changes include decreased physical strength, stamina and appearance. In Indonesia, it has not been supported by improving the quality of health care for the elderly. Knowledge about elderly care, both by family, parents themselves and other social institutions is still very inadequate. The factors that cause lack of self-care in the elderly are due to lack of knowledge or cognitive deficits. The application of effective communication in the family is a form of interaction between children and elderly parents which has implications for personal hygiene. The method that will be used by the researcher is quantitative with an analytical research design. The design of this study was cross sectional with the technique of Probability Sampling simple random sampling. The population in this study were 85 elderly and after entering into the Slovin formula, a sample of 70 elderly people was obtained. The results of statistical analysis using the chi-square test obtained a p-value of 0.000 0.05. This shows that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. It was obtained from the bivariate result that 63 (90.0%) respondents had good effective family communication with good personal hygiene. Based on the results of the study, there is a significant relationship between effective family communication and personal hygiene in Jatimakmur, Bekasi City.

Utilization of medicinal herbs among soccer athletes in the West Bank of Palestine

IntroductionHerbal supplements are popular among athletes, yet research on their types, purposes, and information sources is limited, particularly for Palestinian soccer players. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the types of herbal supplements used by young soccer athletes in the West Bank, their purposes, and the sources of information influencing their use. Understanding these aspects is crucial for safely and effectively integrating traditional remedies into modern sports nutrition. MethodsIn 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional study with young soccer athletes in the West Bank. We utilized a validated survey to collect data on the types of herbal supplements, their preparation methods, and information sources. We analyzed the data for frequencies and use values (UV). ResultsOut of 165 invited athletes, 155 participated, with 144 confirming their current use of herbal supplements. The participants, aged 18–25 (mean age 20.34), employed a variety of preparation and consumption methods. Information sources comprised traditional knowledge, advice from herbalists ("Attar" in Arabic), and online trends. Herbs that enhance physical endurance and stamina had the highest UV of 3.93, highlighting their critical importance. Herbs for joint and muscle pain and central nervous system stimulation had UV of 2.28 and 2.10, respectively, reflecting their significant roles. Antistress and anabolic herbs had UVs of 1.28 and 1.21, respectively. The total UV of 10.81 indicates a substantial use of herbal supplements. We recorded 1,675 recommendations, with the primary uses being: enhancing physical endurance and strength (36.36 %), reducing joint and muscle pain (21.13 %), acting as a CNS stimulant (19.46 %), alleviating stress (11.82 %), and providing testosterone-like effects (11.22 %). The top 10 herbs were ginseng (7.46 %), small nettle (6.99 %), olive (6.63 %), date (5.85 %), chili pepper (5.43 %), green tea (5.19 %), fenugreek (4.84 %), soy (4.24 %), coffee (4.24 %), and mate (4.12 %), collectively accounting for about 55 % of all recommendations. ConclusionThis study identifies the top 10 herbs used by soccer athletes, as well as their role in modern sports nutrition. Future research should evaluate their effectiveness and safety, focusing on herbs like date and small nettle. Educating athletes on the proper use and risks of herbal supplements is essential.

Quantification of physiological and mental workloads of faster and slower finishers of a long-distance military training activity

BackgroundLong-distance runs with equipment are practised in military training establishments to develop physical stamina and prepare for battles. A study was planned to quantify and compare the physiological and mental...

An innovative development of a whole-body diagnostic device led to the ingenious discovery of comprehensive digital medicine that has potential to lead to health promotion of humankind and consequential rapid economic growth of the world

After working for a few decades, gas-discharge-visualization (GDV) device, alternatively called electro-photonic-imaging (EPI) device, was innovatively developed by Prof. K.G. Korotkov in 1995. The sophisticated GDV diagnostic device additionally is being used as an important tool for generating comprehensive-digital-medicine by feeding an electromagnetic signal from the GDV device to the comprehensive-digital-medicine preparation device, involving very low cost. This medicine helps to achieve near zero disease-levels in the various organs as well as the immune, endocrine and nervous systems of all health-conscious persons, who want to continue sincerely with the optimal combination of the preventive medicines of digital-homeopathy and evolved-homeopathy, and occasional GDV (once in a month) check-up. When this condition is achieved, about 20 years age-reduction is felt along with improvement of physical and mental stamina and increment in longevity. To begin with, the global organizations and insurance companies will have to provide for the first few years fund and offer suitable incentives (may be, appropriate annual cash-incentives after remaining under coverage of comprehensive-digital-medicine prevention scheme), since vast majority of the apparently healthy part of humankind believe that they’re healthy, although all of their organs are having imperceptible disease level between 0.8 to 1.0, and such disease level in immune system (including Spleen) cannot prevent tumors/ cancer and many other severe diseases. After a span of few years, global GDP can increase by 5% over a year (in contrast with the present 3%), when this increased GDP (due to better health and increase in retirement age) can fund such schemes.

Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract promotes skeletal muscle fiber type transformation through modulation of cecal microbiota and enhanced butyric acid production.

The conversion of fast-twitch fibers into slow-twitch fibers within skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in improving physical stamina and safeguarding against metabolic disorders in individuals. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) possesses numerous pharmacological and health advantages, effectively inhibiting the onset of chronic illnesses. However, there is a lack of research on the specific mechanisms by which GSPE influences muscle physiology and gut microbiota. This study aims to investigate the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in GSPE regulation of skeletal muscle fiber type conversion. In this experiment, 54 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups: basal diet, basal diet supplemented with GSPE, and basal diet supplemented with GSPE and antibiotics. During the feeding period, glucose tolerance and forced swimming tests were performed. After euthanasia, samples of muscle and feces were collected for analysis. The results showed that GSPE increased the muscle mass and anti-fatigue capacity of the mice, as well as the expression of slow-twitch fibers. However, the beneficial effects of GSPE on skeletal muscle fibers disappeared after adding antibiotics to eliminate intestinal microorganisms, suggesting that GSPE may play a role by regulating intestinal microbial structure. In addition, GSPE increased the relative abundance of Blautia, Muribaculaceae, and Enterorhabdus, as well as butyrate production. Importantly, these gut microbes exhibited a significant positive correlation with the expression of slow-twitch muscle fibers. In conclusion, supplementation with GSPE can increase the levels of slow-twitch fibers by modulating the gut microbiota, consequently prolonging the duration of exercise before exhaustion. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research suggests that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) has potential applications in improving physical stamina and preventing metabolic disorders. By influencing the gut microbiota and increasing butyric acid production, GSPE contributes to the conversion of fast-twitch muscle fibers into slow-twitch fibers, thereby enhancing anti-fatigue capacity and exercise endurance. While further studies are needed, incorporating GSPE into dietary supplements or functional foods could support individuals seeking to optimize their exercise performance and overall metabolic health.

The Inequitable Years: Backcountry Experiences After Pregnancy

Summary Motherhood brings exciting changes and challenges. All at once you experience changes to family dynamics, priorities, work-life balance, and your leisure. In the case of outdoor leisure participation, a mother’s ability to participate is largely influenced by the age of your child, your physical stamina, and emotional or psychological ability to handle, expect, plan, and adapt to your child’s and your own changing needs during participation. Specifically, this is true in activities that take place in remote, or backcountry settings as opposed to urban or near-urban settings. Accessibility is limited to moms who can take on (and financially afford) to carry their child on their back for long periods at a time. Few trail systems, that are not located inside conservation areas or parks, are designed with accessibility in mind. For any parent, this includes not being stroller friendly. Social media is abundant with “hacks” for the once outdoorsy moms to get back outside with their kids but, unless you have the resources and time, this often is not realistic until you have an independently mobile child. Moms looking to participate in outdoor leisure with infants are subject to extensive costs, planning, and high levels of fitness to be able to enjoy outdoor spaces and wellbeing benefits. In this case study, I offer a reflection of my experience trying to re-enter the world of back-country hiking with an infant. I consider the financial, physical, and psychological constraints faced when trying to “belong” in the outdoors, in this new phase of life. Information © CAB International 2024

Digital homeopathy, the method of comprehensive digital medicine leads to health promotion by curing diseases of various organs, as well as of immune, endocrine and nervous systems, of human body

Health promotion methodology of digital-homeopathy is very useful to achieve and maintain near zero disease-levels in the various organs and the immune, endocrine and nervous systems of any human being, for all health-conscious persons, who want to continue sincerely with the preventive medicines of digital-homeopathy and evolved-homeopathy, and occasional gas-discharge-visualization (GDV) check-up, as may be necessary. The methodology of evolved-homeopathy utilizes medicines of digital-homeopathy and evolved-homeopathy for prevention and cure, according to the first fundamental-principle of cure (“prevention is better than cure”). True “nipping in the bud” of any disease from a patient’s body is possible only when the treatment starts based not on a patient’s perception of symptom(s) but on a whole-body diagnostic chart generated by a sophisticated device like the GDV scanner. Based on the experience of the persons who are utilizing the side-effect free preventive and curative medicines of digital-homeopathy and evolved-homeopathy for preventing and curing problems of various organs and systems, to achieve near zero disease-level, it is clear that the methodology of digital-homeopathy and evolved-homeopathy for health promotion, is very effective. It seems evident that for the sincere followers of the three fundamental-principles of cure as detailed below, health promotion methodology of digital-homeopathy and evolved-homeopathy, is very beneficial. When the condition of near zero disease-levels in the various organs and systems of a person’s body, is achieved, about 20-years age-reduction is felt along with improvement of physical and mental stamina and increment in longevity.

Подвижные казачьи игры: сохранение традиционной культуры в этнопедагогике

The article reveals the traditions of folk pedagogy for the civic-patriotic education of the younger generation, the formation of their physical culture, strength and stamina, preparation for labor, and, if necessary, for military activities based on the practice of the Kuban Cossacks. Active Cossack games are considered as one of the means of physical and moral education of a child - the future successor of the Cossack traditions. Examples of various outdoor games are given, the conditions and features of their organization with primary schoolchildren are described.

Complications with Follicular Unit Excision.

Hair restoration surgery (HRS) is typically a safe outpatient or office-based procedure when physicians follow high ethical standards and uphold community practice standards. Patients' clinical outcomes are mostly operator dependent, and temporary and permanent complications rarely occur. Follicular unit excision (FUE) donor harvesting, in particular, is a challenging harvesting technique requiring a long learning curve, physical stamina, higher than average hand-eye coordination and manual dexterity. The types of complications associated with FUE are comparable to linear strip excision (LSE). Similar to LSE donor harvesting, FUE complications may occur irrespective if standard precautions are followed by the physician. As in any skin and scalp procedure, injuries and poor cosmetic outcomes occur despite appropriate preoperative precautions and intraoperative technique. In increasing and greater instances, however, FUE complications are observed when the physician fails to follow hair restoration practice standards and routine surgical precautions. Physician induced, or iatrogenic complications occur more often when untrained licensed surgeons perform HRS, and who fail to meet practice standards and best practices. In the last decade, physician-influenced FUE complications, or iatrogenic cause of FUE injuries are increasingly observed which results in poor aesthetic outcomes. Higher than average FUE complication rates occur in cases involving inadequately trained physicians, as well as in cases where improper delegation of the FUE hair transplant procedure is performed by unlicensed and untrained individuals. In this chapter, we described commonly encountered HRS complications, as well as physician influenced, or iatrogenic causes of FUE complications.

Parasites in ancient Egypt and Nubia: Malaria, schistosomiasis and the pharaohs.

The civilizations of ancient Egypt and Nubia played a key role in the cultural development of Africa, the Near East, and the Mediterranean world. This study explores how their location along the River Nile, agricultural practices, the climate, endemic insects and aquatic snails impacted the type of parasites that were most successful in their populations. A meta-analysis approach finds that up to 65% of mummies were positive for schistosomiasis, 40% for headlice, 22% for falciparum malaria, and 10% for visceral leishmaniasis. Such a disease burden must have had major consequences upon the physical stamina and productivity of a large proportion of the workforce. In contrast, the virtual absence of evidence for whipworm and roundworm (so common in adjacent civilizations in the Near East and Europe) may have been a result of the yearly Nile floods fertilising the agricultural land, so that farmers did not have to fertilise their crops with human faeces.

Good and rapid health promotion by curing diseases of various organs, using digital homeopathy

Health promotion methodology of evolved homeopathy is very useful to achieve near zero disease-levels in the various organs of a person’s body, only for those persons, who are health-conscious and want to continue sincerely with the preventive medicines of evolved homeopathy and digital homeopathy, and occasional GDV (Gas discharge visualization) check-up, as may be necessary. The methodology of evolved homeopathy utilizes medicines of digital homeopathy and evolved homeopathy for prevention and cure, according to the first fundamental-principle of cure (“Prevention is better than cure”). True “nipping in the bud” of any disease from a patient’s body is possible only when the treatment starts based not on a patient’s perception of symptom(s) but on a whole-body diagnostic chart generated by a sophisticated device like the GDV scanner. Based on the experience of the persons who are utilizing the side-effect free preventive and curative medicines of evolved-homeopathy and digital homeopathy for preventing and curing problems of various organs to achieve near zero disease-level, it is clear that the methodology of evolved-homeopathy and digital homeopathy for health promotion, is very effective. It seems evident that for the sincere followers of the three fundamental-principles of cure as detailed below, health promotion methodology of evolved homeopathy and digital homeopathy, is very beneficial. When the condition of near zero disease-levels in the various organs of a person’s body, is achieved, about 20 years age-reduction is felt along with improvement of physical and mental stamina.

Health promotion by preventing and curing diseases of various organs, using evolved homeopathy

When a close track is maintained on the health condition of all organs and endocrine systems of any person, no organ degeneration can take place; hence, organ transplant becomes avoidable; and, hence COVID virus doesn’t get a ‘soft’ target in such human bodies. Thus, the requirement of achieving near zero disease-levels of various organs and endocrine systems, has become an important necessity in the COVID era. The methodology of evolved-homeopathy utilizes several specific medicines for prevention of various diseases, according to the first fundamental-principle of cure (“Prevention is better than cure”). True “nipping in the bud” of any disease from a patient’s body is possible only when the treatment starts based not on a patient’s perception of symptom(s) but on a whole-body diagnostic chart generated by a sophisticated device like the GDV (Gas discharge visualization) scanner. It is noteworthy to mention that evolved-homeopathy chooses organ-specific, constitutional and polycrest medicines, from various sources. Based on the experience of the persons who are utilizing the side-effect free preventive and curative medicines of evolved-homeopathy for preventing problems of various organs to achieve near zero disease-level, it is clear that the methodology of evolved-homeopathy for health promotion is very effective. It seems evident that for the sincere followers of the three fundamental-principles of cure as mentioned below, health promotion methodology of evolved-homeopathy is very beneficial. When the condition of near zero disease-levels in the various organs and endocrine systems of a person’s body, is achieved, his/her Physical and mental stamina improves.

EFFECTIVENESS OF SELECTED PHYSICAL FITNESS EXERCISES FOR MALE FOOTBALL PLAYERS AT LY TU TRONG COLLEGE, HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Football, often hailed as the "king of sports," boasts millions of players and enthusiasts. It is a sport rich in emotion, intelligence, and creativity, offering a thrilling and impassioned experience. Football matches are characterized by their high-paced tempo, extended durations, the competitive intensity of matches, and the need for rapid decision-making and the maintenance of physical endurance within tight timeframes. In training and competition, football athletes are required to not only grasp and master fundamental techniques as a robust foundation for executing technical maneuvers flawlessly in diverse situations but also exhibit considerable physical stamina. As a result, physical fitness emerges as a pivotal element. <strong>Methods</strong>: The study enrolled 24 male athletes from the football team at Ly Tu Trong College, Ho Chi Minh City, aged between 18 and 20. The experimental training regimen encompassed 15 exercises tailored for physical fitness development during 5 months. More particular, participants underwent three training sessions per week, each lasting 120 minutes, with 30 minutes dedicated to physical fitness training. <strong>Results</strong>: The outcomes of the study revealed that, following the experiment, the performance of all specialized assessments for male athletes of Ly Tu Trong College Football Team in Ho Chi Minh City exhibited statistically significant differences at a significance level of P<0.05 with t<sub>calculated </sub>> t<sub>0.05</sub> = 2.069. The average growth rate was calculated at <strong></strong>= 4.01%, with test 1 registering the highest average growth rate at <strong></strong>= 5.06%, while test 3 displayed the lowest average growth rate at <strong></strong>= 2.17%. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: It has successfully selected five fitness assessment tests and a comprehensive collection of 15 specialized physical fitness development exercises for male athletes of Ly Tu Trong College Football Team in Ho Chi Minh City. These measures aim to enhance the team's overall performance and competitiveness in the realm of football.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0056/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

'Korean Police' Selection Without Gender Distinction: A Review of the Physical Fitness Test: Focusing on the United States, France, and Japan

Purpose: The purpose of eliminating gender segregation in physical fitness testing for police recruitment can be understood as twofold. In the case of a gender-neutral selection process, a police organization can eliminate gender segregation in the selection process, including the physical fitness test, in order to pro-vide an equal opportunity for all applicants. The idea is to ensure that both men and women can take the test under the same conditions and that the best candidates are selected for police positions based on their abilities and skills. Gender-neutral job requirements. As with any industry, police work can be physi-cally demanding. As such, it may include a gender-neutral physical fitness test to verify the ability to per-form the duties of a police officer regardless of gender. This approach focuses on the abilities and skills required to do the job, and emphasizes a fair selection process that does not discriminate based on gender.
 Method: In order to study the physical fitness test for police recruitment without distinguishing between men and women, the following research methods were utilized. The current police physical fitness test con-sists of five events. The physical abilities of quickness, cardiopulmonary endurance, muscular endurance, and strength are measured through the physical fitness test, but the physical fitness test items related to the ability to respond quickly and accurately to constantly changing exercise tasks(coordination) are not included. Therefore, in order to meet various motor functions, it is necessary to refer to the Job Standards Test(JST) of the NYPD in the United States, which is composed of sports closely related to the job of a police officer, the physical fitness test of the MET Police in the United Kingdom, which is an event-type measure-ment method, and the Èpreuve d'exercices physiques of the French National Police. The Japanese National Police has a separate physical fitness test for new constables and a separate physical fitness test for police officers. In addition, there have been many legal cases in the West, such as the United States, regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the male and female fitness tests. This is especially true in the United Kingdom and the United States. Therefore, we conducted a comparative analysis to scientifically and ra-tionally improve the physical fitness test standards that disadvantage female applicants.
 Results: The results of a gender-neutral physical fitness test for “Korean police” recruitment can be un-derstood as follows. First, a unisex physical fitness test ensures that all applicants have an equal oppor-tunity to participate. It evaluates the abilities and skills required to perform police work regardless of gen-der, and provides a fair opportunity for all applicants without discrimination. Second, as an assessment of ability and vision, physical fitness tests help to assess the physical abilities and skills required to perform police work. These tests measure a candidate's physical strength, stamina, and power to help identify the right person for the job. Third, by enhancing diversity, gender-neutral physical fitness tests contribute to greater diversity and inclusion. Police organizations can recruit people from different backgrounds and genders to reflect more diverse perspectives and experiences. Fourth, it emphasizes fairness. A unisex phys-ical fitness test eliminates gender-based discrimination and focuses on applicants' skills and competencies. This ensures that all applicants are selected based on their abilities and helps prevent unfair treatment based on gender. These findings suggest that gender-neutral physical fitness tests for police recruitment contribute to fair and reliable talent selection and help strengthen the diversity and performance of police organizations.
 Conclusion: A gender-neutral fitness test for “Korean police” recruitment is an important approach to emphasize fairnes

An Ayurvedic & Contemporary Perspective on a Comprehensive Appraisal of Ageing

As well as being a Swabhavaja Vyadhi (natural sickness), Avurveda has seen Jara or Vardhakya as a natural and unavoidable process. When an organ of a different system begins to degenerated and lose its anatomical and physiological capabilities over time, it is said to be ageing. This process can occur in a cell, an organ, or the entire organism.
 Shareera (physical), Indriya (emotional), Satwa (psychological level), Agni (metabolism), Bala and Ojas etc. are influencing factors for Jara (ageing). The final stage of life is called Vriddhavastha (Jara). During this phase, every aspect of the body begins to degenerate, including the Dhatu (different anatomical tissues), the Indriya (sensory and motor organ), the ability to perceive, the power of speech, the power of the body, and numerous mental and cognitive functions (such as memory, intellect, reception, retention, analytic ability, etc).
 The Vayu dosha predominates throughout this phase (one of the three physiological body factors). The most noticeable physical changes at this time include ageing skin, greying hair, baldness, and a decline in physical stamina. Loss of muscle compactness, joint looseness, vitiation of Rakta (blood), excessive production of Meda (fatty tissue), failure of Majja (marrow) accumulation in bone, failure of production of Shukra (semen), and loss of Ojas component are examples of these pathological alterations. This article is made to explore the physiological changes during Aging.

Review on: Pharmacological Activity of Caterpilllar fungus (Keeda Jadi)

In this review we focus about the pharmacology, biological characteristics and therapeutic uses of Caterpillar fungus (Keeda jari) which is also known as keeda ghaas, Yarsa gamba. It is found at high Himalayan mountains of India, Nepal and Tibet. It is found between 350 and 5000 meters above sea level. It is an entomo-fungal combination of a larva of small moth, Hepialus armoricanus and a parasite fungus Cordyceps sinensis. Cordyceps is best known medicine for increasing physical stamina and sexual functions. It has been proven to improve liver, kidney, and lung functioning in addition to being routinely used to treat people with heart disease. Numerous investigations have shown that it possesses a wide range of biological functions and pharmacological potential despite not being harvested in a sustainable or deliberate manner.

Disability, Race, Class, and Gender in Seventh-day Adventist Health Publications, 1880-1910

This article examines discourses in early Seventh-day Adventist health publications with particular attention to the ways that disability played into discussions of vegetarianism. In the nineteenth to twentieth centuries, the Adventist church was at the forefront of conversations in western countries about the value of a meat-free diet. During this time, Adventist health publications made or echoed a variety of arguments in support of vegetarian eating. Pervasive in these arguments were ableist tropes calculated to show how vegetarianism equated to youth, physical stamina, beauty, and intellectual superiority. This rhetoric effectively used disability to craft a vision of vegetarians as white, upwardly mobile people who conformed to traditional gender roles. Disability thus served to demarcate insiders from outsiders by underlining perceived differences between genders, races, and classes of people.