Physical Rehabilitation Training Research Articles

Ineffective voluntary motor improvement through non-invasive BCI-FES with static magnetic field in complete spinal cord injury: A pilot study

In response to the challenge of spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation, this study aimed to investigate the effect of applying a non-invasive interface of surface neuroelectrical signals and functional electrical stimulation (sNES-sFES) with a static magnetic field on the motor outcome of the quadriceps femoris muscle in an individual with a complete SCI. The participant, who had a complete SCI in the chronic stage, was evaluated before (pre) and after nine (post) interventions using surface electromyography (sEMG). In addition, spasticity (modified Ashworth scale [MAS]) was observed in all sessions. Moreover, the user learning curve process (classifier percentage and correct success of the sFES hits) was evaluated. In general, we observed: (i) No voluntary muscle contraction (pre- and post-root mean square of sEMG = 0%) improvement; (ii) spasticity decrease (average one point in MAS); (iii) gradual improvement in the user learning effect on the interface, reaching 84% in classifier accuracy and a maximum percentage of correct sFES activation of 53%. In conclusion, no improvement in voluntary muscular contraction was observed within 9 weeks of the intervention (1 session/day; 1 h/week). However, our study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of our methodology for future research involving continuous physical rehabilitation training and the implementation of assistive technology.

Control strategy based on improved fuzzy algorithm for energy control of wrist rehabilitation robot

With the complex changes in social and demographic structure, the problem of aging is becoming increasingly serious, and the demand for equipment in the field of medical rehabilitation is also increasing. Given the above situation, various countries have proposed using rehabilitation robots to assist patients in treatment, and have achieved certain results. The rehabilitation robot helps the injured area gradually recover autonomous movement through repeated auxiliary actions, thereby achieving the goal of physical rehabilitation training. However, most robot configurations face insufficient energy and power, as well as bulky and inflexible equipment. Based on the above issues, this article adopts an improved fuzzy algorithm control strategy to optimize the energy storage device and applies the energy system to the wrist rehabilitation training robot device. Firstly, a fuzzy adaptive algorithm is added to the traditional energy controller to combine system control with operational status, achieving precise control and dynamic adjustment of energy allocation. The research has added filter optimization design, which improves the accuracy and effectiveness of fuzzy algorithms. Finally, this article establishes an upper limb motion model of the rehabilitation robot and configures relevant hardware systems. At the same time, this article also uses manufacturing materials that meet functional requirements to construct auxiliary equipment. The results indicate that the improved fuzzy algorithm can improve the auxiliary effect in energy control of wrist rehabilitation robots. It has obvious advantages in the process of wrist rehabilitation training.

BCI–VR-Based Hand Soft Rehabilitation System with Its Applications in Hand Rehabilitation After Stroke

The recovery of hand motor function can effectively improve the living standard of stroke patients and relieve their psychological anxiety. Traditional physical rehabilitation training is unable to target the cause of motor function loss; therefore, the rehabilitation effect is not ideal. The objective of this study is to propose a hand rehabilitation system combining brain–computer interface (BCI), soft hand rehabilitation glove and virtual reality (VR), and explore its effectiveness on hand movement disorders in stroke patients. The corresponding comparison experiments conducted on 11 stroke patients demonstrated that the proposed BCI-based hand rehabilitation system can not only mobilize more cerebral cortex to participate in the process of hand motor rehabilitation, but also enhance the muscle strength, muscle tension, and improve the hand motor dysfunction of stroke patients.

APLICAÇÃO DO TREINAMENTO FÍSICO EM REABILITAÇÃO DE FUTEBOL UNIVERSITÁRIO

ABSTRACT Introduction Soccer is a sport with strong rivalry, and participants are prone to various sports injuries in the sporting process. Preventing sports injuries during soccer training is an issue to be considered. Objective Explore the effect of physical rehabilitation training on preventing sports injuries during college soccer training. Methods 120 athletes who participated in optional soccer courses were divided into control group and experimental group. The experimental group underwent intervention with 8 weeks of rehabilitative physical training, while the control group did not adopt any interventional measures. Results After 8 weeks of physical rehabilitative training, the exercise capacity of the athletes in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group who had no rehabilitative training, and the proportion of sports injuries was lower than that of the control group. Conclusion 8 weeks of physical rehabilitation training can effectively improve the physical mobility ability of soccer players and reduce the veiled danger of injury. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Research on Rehabilitation Training Strategies Using Multimodal Virtual Scene Stimulation.

It is difficult for stroke patients with flaccid paralysis to receive passive rehabilitation training. Therefore, virtual rehabilitation technology that integrates the motor imagery brain-computer interface and virtual reality technology has been applied to the field of stroke rehabilitation and has evolved into a physical rehabilitation training method. This virtual rehabilitation technology can enhance the initiative and adaptability of patient rehabilitation. To maximize the deep activation of the subjects motor nerves and accelerate the remodeling mechanism of motor nerve function, this study designed a brain-computer interface rehabilitation training strategy using different virtual scenes, including static scenes, dynamic scenes, and VR scenes. Including static scenes, dynamic scenes, and VR scenes. We compared and analyzed the degree of neural activation and the recognition rate of motor imagery in stroke patients after motor imagery training using stimulation of different virtual scenes, The results show that under the three scenarios, The order of degree of neural activation and the recognition rate of motor imagery from high to low is: VR scenes, dynamic scenes, static scenes. This paper provided the research basis for a virtual rehabilitation strategy that could integrate the motor imagery brain-computer interface and virtual reality technology.

Prevention and Treatment of Sports Injuries and Rehabilitative Physical Training of Wushu Athletes.

This paper is aimed at exploring the characteristics of research on prevention and treatment of sports injuries and rehabilitation physical training of Wushu athletes. It also considers the application of rehabilitation physical training in the rehabilitation of Wushu athletes. By searching literature, conducting questionnaires, and combining mathematical statistics, it studies the injury prevention and rehabilitation training of Wushu athletes. This paper chooses the level of first class and above of sports, and a total of 50 elite male and female Wushu athletes were systematically trained as subjects of study. Athletes, aged 15 to 20 years, were trained for 2 to 5 years, 35 male athletes and 15 female athletes. Different from traditional rehabilitation therapy, athletes' physical rehabilitation training is also different from traditional sports rehabilitation treatment. By evaluating the physical condition of athletes, the causes of sports injuries were analyzed, to formulate special rehabilitation training programs and carry out athletes' rehabilitation training targeted and purposeful. Record the experimental data and analyze the experimental results. The experimental results show that physical rehabilitation training can make athletes avoid the influence of unsafe factors of sports injury, improve the safety of training, and effectively prevent sports injury. The experimental results show that physical rehabilitation training combined with rehabilitation medicine has obvious advantages, which can make Wushu athletes recover quickly without sequelae.

Construction and Evaluation of Sports Rehabilitation Training Model under Intelligent Health Monitoring

Sports rehabilitation training is a comprehensive discipline that solves and helps motor function recovery through physical exercise, also known as rehabilitation sports training. Sports rehabilitation training can help athletes restore health, treat injuries, prevent recurrence, improve physical fitness, and meet the needs of daily training. Starting from the concept of sports rehabilitation training, this paper analyzes the application of sports rehabilitation training in physical training and summarizes and analyzes the role of sports rehabilitation training. It provides reference for the application of physical rehabilitation training in sports training. Intelligent health monitoring technology has been widely used and developed, and many classic algorithms have emerged to complete the extraction of moving targets. This paper is aimed at studying the application of intelligent health monitoring to the construction of sports rehabilitation training models. It proposes the overall design of the intelligent health monitoring terminal and the common algorithms for moving target monitoring, such as optical flow method, frame difference method, and background difference method. It takes the rehabilitation training of an athlete in X city as an example to establish a model study. The final result of the experiment through sports rehabilitation training under intelligent health monitoring is that 92.6% of the athletes recovered from sports injuries through rehabilitation physical training.

A physical restraint device to facilitate rehabilitation in critically ill patients

Physical restraints are widely used in hospitalized and critically ill patients, especially in intensive care unit (ICU), to prevent adverse events such as the accidental removal of various monitoring leads, therapeutic tubes, and self-injury or injury to others due to delirium and irritation. The existing restraint measures directly bind the upper limbs of the patients to the hospital bed, which often brings psychological harm to the patients and leads to disuse muscular atrophy. Early rehabilitation therapy can help improve the prognosis of patients,but it is difficult to be widely used in ICU due to being heavily dependent on nursing and rehabilitation physicians. A novel restraint device to facilitate rehabilitation training for critically ill patients was designed by the medical staff from the department of critical care medicine of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University and obtained the National Utility Model Patent of China (ZL 2020 2 2492749.6). The device is mainly composed of a cross beam and a locking device whose two ends are connected by a rocker arm, an upper limb stopper and an upper body stopper. The upper limb and body restraint provide restrictions on the movement of the head, the upper limb, and the upper body. The angle limiter prevents the patient from pulling out the treatment tube by himself, and at the same time retains the ability to grasp the crossbar and rotate it, and the sliding block further increases the activity space, to meet the exercise of the patient's upper limb muscle strength. Carrying out physical rehabilitation training as early as possible during ICU treatment can relieve the patient's resistance to passive restraint, reduce the incidence of disuse muscle atrophy, eliminate the potential hidden dangers of medical disputes, and ultimately improve the prognosis of patients.

Research on the real-time control system of lower-limb gait movement based on motor imagery and central pattern generator

Achieving one-to-one correspondence between the subjective mind and limb movement can further improve the effect of rehabilitation. This paper proposes a novel control scheme wherein the ideal physical rehabilitation training—‘what you think is what you move’—is performed by decoding the mind.First, for feature extraction and pattern classification, the common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm and the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithm were applied to electroencephalogram (EEG) signals collected by OpenBCI. Second, the result of motor imagery (MI) recognition was transferred from OpenViBE to Arduino UNO through the virtual reality peripheral network (VRPN). The spinal cord stimulator received corresponding commands to generate pulse signals of different polarities. Finally, an electrode pair was used to stimulate specific central pattern generator (CPG) site on the spinal cord of rats for rehabilitation training.Eight subjects participated in the classification experiment (highest accuracy rate, 91.38%). This system realised the gait-like movements corresponding to the subject's mind through functional electrical stimulation (FES). The subject with the best recognition result was selected and participated in the gait rehabilitation training experiment of rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale score and grip strength were significantly better after three weeks in the SCI + electrical stimulation (ES) group than in the SCI group. The results proved the effectiveness of the novel system for motor function recovery.This study provides new ideas applicable to the existing methods of motor function rehabilitation and has immense scientific research value in rehabilitation medicine.

Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis combined with tuberculosis meningitis

Abstract Rationale: Central nervous system tuberculosis accounts for 1% of all the tuberculosis (TB) cases, of which tuberculous spondylitis is the most common, followed by scleritis and meningitis. Meningitis associated with transverse myelitis due to tuberculosis is rare but has been reported with severe clinical manifestations, including tuberculous sepsis, symptoms of meningitis and spinal cord injury. Patients concerns: Case 1, a 23-year-old male patient presented with fever, accompanied by quadriplegia and difficulty to urinate. Cultured Koch's Bacillus in liquid environment, Acid-Fast bacilli test, polymerase chain reaction and Xpert MTB/RIF assay for tuberculosis in the cerebrospinal fluid were positive for tuberculosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed heterogeneous signal on T2-weighted (T2W) hyperintensity and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, heterogeneous signal intensity in the spinal cord, unclear medullary border and an increase in D10 - D11 diameter with clear signal in the spinal edges. Case 2, a 20-year-old male patient, presented with fever, severe headache, vomiting and paraplegia. Cultured Koch's Bacillus in liquid environment, testing for acid-fast bacilli test, polymerase chain reaction and Xpert MTB/ RIF tuberculosis in cerebrospinal fluid and sputum was positive for tuberculosis. The MRI displayed hyperintensities on T2W and FLAIR images, a slight increase in the spinal diameter and unclear, heterogeneous signal along the medullary border. Diagnoses: The first patient was diagnosed as tuberculosis meningitis combined with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and the second patient was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Interventions: The two patients were treated with IIIA regimen, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, ethambutol combined with aggressive phase steroids. Outcomes: Following the anti-tuberculous therapy, the fever and mental status was alleviated in case 1, but improvement in muscle power of the limbs and sphincter function improved only after physical rehabilitation training. Case 2 was started on physical rehabilitation during the anti-tuberculous therapy. Though he tested negative for tuberculosis after the medical therapy, the muscle power of the limb showed only marginal improvement after the rehabilitation. Lessons: Meningitis combined with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis is often difficult to diagnose early because the patients have altered mental status. If the patient has clinical manifestations of lower limb paralysis or quadriplegic paralysis, it is necessary to have an MRI of the spine to determine co-existing transverse myelitis lesions. Low-dose corticosteroid therapy in patients with meningitis combined with transverse myelitis leads to poor nerve recovery.

Early physical rehabilitation therapy between 24 and 48 h following acute ischemic stroke onset: a randomized controlled trial

Purpose Early mobilization is believed to be helpful for patients with acute ischemic stroke. This study aimed to compare the difference between starting rehabilitation between 24 and 48 h and 72 and 96 h following the onset of ischemic stroke. Materials and methods This was a single-center, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. The early rehabilitation (ER) group started exercising between 24 and 48 h after stroke onset, which the standard rehabilitation (SR) group started exercising between 72 and 96 h. The two groups received sitting, standing, and repetitive body strength training respectively. Results In this study, 110 patients were analyzed. Patients in the early rehabilitation group had more favorable outcomes (The modified Rankin scale score 0-2, ER group = 32 versus SR group = 20, adjusted odds ratio 2.27, 95% CI 1.05-4.87; p = 0.036) at 3-month follow-up. The simplified Fugl–Meyer assessment (FMA) scores for the lower extremity were influenced by the interaction effect (F = 7.24, p = 0.01). The post-hoc analysis revealed a difference in the lower extremity FMA score at one week after stroke (difference 2.30 (95% CI 0.65–3.96); p = 0.007). Conclusions Early physical rehabilitation training between 24 and 48 h may be beneficial and improve patients’ lower extremity function within the first week. Clinical Trial Registration Unique identifier NCT02718534 Implications for rehabilitation Acute ischemic stroke has a variety of symptoms, and acroparalysis is a major concern. Starting physical rehabilitation early can improve the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke. Early rehabilitation is more conducive to the recovery of lower extremity motor function, but in the subsequent rehabilitation process, the upper extremity function should be paid more attention.

Progress in clinical trials of cell transplantation for the treatment of spinal cord injury: how many questions remain unanswered?

Spinal cord injury can lead to severe motor, sensory and autonomic nervous dysfunctions. However, there is currently no effective treatment for spinal cord injury. Neural stem cells and progenitor cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, umbilical cord blood stem cells, adipose stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, macrophages and Schwann cells have been studied as potential treatments for spinal cord injury. These treatments were mainly performed in animals. However, subtle changes in sensory function, nerve root movement and pain cannot be fully investigated with animal studies. Although these cell types have shown excellent safety and effectiveness in various animal models, sufficient evidence of efficacy for clinical translation is still lacking. Cell transplantation should be combined with tissue engineering scaffolds, local drug delivery systems, postoperative adjuvant therapy and physical rehabilitation training as part of a comprehensive treatment plan to provide the possibility for patients with SCI to return to normal life. This review summarizes and analyzes the clinical trials of cell transplantation therapy in spinal cord injury, with the aim of providing a rational foundation for the development of clinical treatments for spinal cord injury.

Design of Remote Monitoring System for Limb Rehabilitation Training Based on Action Recognition

Aimed at the high cost of domestic rehabilitation medical care, the limited number of doctors, the shortage of training venues, and the lack of follow-up tracking for patients who recovered better after rehabilitation training, and a remote monitoring system to understand the patient’s rehabilitation situation, a kind of motion recognition-based Remote monitoring system for physical rehabilitation training based on motion recognition was proposed. From the perspective of machine learning and intelligent classification, the system uses the wavelet transform principle and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to inject intelligence into the remote monitoring system for limb rehabilitation training, so that doctors can receive patients walking and running energy characteristic and their movement distance data in the rehabilitation center, and based on this data to determine the patient’s recovery and rehabilitation training plan, the doctor can make a diagnosis for dozens or even hundreds of patients even if they never leave home, which greatly improves the efficiency of treatment, saves the corresponding manpower and material resources for the country and society t, and benefits the people.

Rehabilitation Exercise Recognition and Evaluation Based on Smart Sensors With Deep Learning Framework

Exercise therapy is seen as one of the major treatments for the rehabilitation for patients, particularly using modern technologies, such as virtual reality or augmented reality. Computer-assisted physical rehabilitation training involves measuring performance by analyzing the movement data collected with a sensory system during prescribed rehabilitation exercises. Human activity recognition is a challenging topic for machine learning in the present area of research. Since the sensor-based activity recognition seeks deep knowledge from various low-level sensor readings concerning human activities. In this paper, the Smart Sensor-based Rehabilitation Exercise Recognition (SSRER) system has been proposed using a deep learning framework. For the recognition of rehabilitation exercise with sensor information, a convolutional neural network (CNN) has been used on dynamic platform(D-CNN) where it has sensory data for physical rehabilitation exercise body movement by Gaussian mixture models (GMM). The input signals and GMMs are in various segments contains shapes for many CNN routes. To retrieve the state transition likelihood of hidden states, the Sensor (S-CNN) utilizes the algorithm of improved lossless information compression as discriminant features of various movements. Therefore, the hybridized CNN of the Sensor (S-CNN) and D-CNN are combined with a deep learning classifier to assess every rehabilitation class exercise at different levels. The categorized deep learning methods show improved performance with best-learned features for any rehabilitation exercise. The difference between the best attribute and the test score analyzed mathematically with our collected data and a variety of activity recognition datasets has been illustrated in this article with test results.

A reminder incentive system promotes the functional recovery of stroke patients with hemiplegia: A large-sample, single-blind, randomized controlled trial

Background and objectives: Acupuncture and physical rehabilitation training have been shown to promote recovery in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Many patients are unable to consistently complete rehabilitation training because of a variety of factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of wearing a wrist watch with versus without a rehabilitation training-reminder incentive system on locomotor function in stroke patients with hemiplegia. Participants and methods: This large-sample, single-blind, randomized controlled trial will be performed at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Oxford International Rehabilitation Foundation Limited, and Oxford Brookes University. A total of 200 stroke patients with hemiplegia will be randomly divided into a test group and a control group. The two groups of patients will receive routine medication, acupuncture, and rehabilitation training. Patients in the test group will wear a smart watch with a reminder incentive system that encourages them to complete a set amount of personalized physical exercise tasks, and patients in the control group will wear a watch without a reminder incentive system. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on June 16, 2015 (approval No. ChiECRCT-20150034). Study protocol: 1.0. Participants will provide written informed consent. Results: The primary outcome measure of this study is the differences in the Barthel index measured 3 weeks after discharge (i.e., after 6 weeks of treatment). The secondary outcome measures include neurological deficit scores, National Institutes of Health stroke scale score, Rivermead mobility index, Montreal Cognitive Assessment score, blood pressure, body weight, grip strength, Timed Up and Go Test score, exercise level, EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire score, and adverse events before treatment, after 3 weeks of treatment, and 3 weeks after discharge (after 6 weeks of treatment). In a pilot study, 60 stroke patients with hemiplegia received acupuncture and incentive rehabilitation training. The results showed that in stroke patients with hemiplegia who received elongated needle acupuncture at antagonistic muscles combined with muscle balance exercises, Barthel index and Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale scores increased and Modified Ashworth Scale scores decreased compared with those who received elongated needle acupuncture at antagonistic muscles alone. Conclusion: We will perform a study involving 200 stroke patients to evaluate whether stroke patients with hemiplegia who receive acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training while wearing a smart watch with a reminder incentive system exhibit better recovery of locomotor function compared with those who receive similar interventions but are not exposed to a reminder incentive system. These experimental data will support the implementation of functional smart device-assisted rehabilitation medical programs. Trial registration: This study was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on August 8, 2015 (registration number: ChiCTR-IOR- 15007179).

Practical Research on Physical Rehabilitation Training among Male Addicts in Chinese Compulsory Isolated Detoxification Center

Background: Physical rehabilitation training as an effective measure was proposed by relevant government sector recently. Many compulsory isolated detoxification centers had already implemented the measure, but rarely a systematically comprehensive research was published. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of “5433” training program as an exercise intervention on addicts during drug treatment and rehabilitation, in order to provide the experimental data for the research about the effects of mental quality and physical quality of addicts. Methods: The 2132 male addicts were randomly divided into experimental group (n = 1020) and control group (n = 1112), experimental group was training by “5433” program, and control group ordinary was managed alone. Before and after one year training, in accordance with the “SCL-90” and “Standards of People’s Republic of China national physique”, the SCL-90 scores, height/weight, vital capacity, step index, grip strength, vertical jump, push-ups, sit-and-reach, one-leg standing with eye-closed, choice reaction index of two groups were detected. Results: 1) The scores of depression, anxiety, paranoia and psychosis in two groups before the experiment are both lower than those after the experiment, and the experimental group decreased more (P 0.05). Conclusion:These initial findings show that The “5433” Training Program was effective more than a simple kinesiotherapy, thereby opening avenues for the rehabilitation of Chinese drug addicts.