Physical Properties Of Yarns Research Articles

Effect of Yarn Physical Properties on Fiber Migration and Packing Density of Cotton/Acrylic Blended Yarns

In the scope of the study, the effect of fiber blending ratio, yarn count and twist coefficient on fiber migration, packing density and diameter of the cotton/acrylic blended yarns were investigated. The yarn samples with 75-25%, %50-50%, 40-60% cotton-acrylic blending ratios were produced with three different yarn numbers; 20/1 Ne, 24/1 Ne, 30/1 Ne and three twist coefficients; 3.5 α, 4 α, 4.5 α. Thus, totally 27 yarn samples were obtained. The yarn cross-sectional samples were sliced with microtome. The image frames of yarn cross-sections were acquired via digital microscope. The yarn packing density was calculated by using image processing algorithm and the fiber migration was determined via cross-section images. The results were evaluated statistically.

Effect of Blending Ratios for Some Non-Local Cotton on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Yarns and Fabrics Produced

Effect of Blending Ratios for Some Non-Local Cotton on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Yarns and Fabrics Produced

Characterization of Natural Reinforcements and their Composites

In this study, the mechanical properties of flax, jute and jute/carbon woven fabrics, and their composites were investigated and compared with 3K carbon fabric composites. Mechanical properties of yarn, fabric and composites were separately investigated and compared for each scales. In addition, yarn and fabric structures were characterized. It was found that, fabric structure, yarn physical properties and fiber cross-section and fiber molecular structure parameters of reinforcement have seriously effect on the composite mechanical properties. It can be concluded that fabric tensile strength attribute to composite tensile strength, but there was not a direct relation between fabric tensile strength and composite tensile strength. The tensile strength of natural fiber fabrics were determined to be significantly reduced depending on the temperature increasing. This condition should be considered as a important limitation for composite applications of natural fibers. Mechanical test results are proved that natural fiber composites not to be an important alternative to conventional composites.

An Investigation of the Effect of Delivery Speed and Nozzle Air Pressure on Viscose

In this study, 100% viscose yarns were spun at different delivery speed and nozzle air pressure values (within a range of 300-450 m/min and 0.46-0.58 MPa, respectively) by using Murata Vortex spinning system (MVS). Then, the effect of these parameters on physical properties of yarns (such as irregularity, hairiness, tensile strength, breaking elongation, yarn density and diameter) was analysed comparing with the results given in literature for various fiber types. The results show that yarn delivery speed and nozzle air pressure have no effect on yarn irregularity, while they affect hairiness, breaking elongation, diameter and density of yarns. On the other hand, an increase in nozzle air pressure has a slight effect on yarn tenacity while yarn delivery speed seems to have no effect in this work.

Influence of blend ratio on physical properties of oak tasar silk and acrylic blended spun yarn

In this study an attempt was made to utilize the oak tasar silk spinning waste through blending it with acrylic fibre and prepared yarn in mechanised spinning system. The oak tasar silk and acrylic blended yarn were prepared on ring spinning machine with five different blend ratios viz. 100:0, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 0:100. The prepared yarns were of medium to fine yarn count. Yarn Physical properties of yarns, unevenness and imperfections were studied and statistically analysed. Results revealed that the 100% acrylic and 50:50 tasar acrylic blended yarns had better properties as compared to 60:40 and 40:60. The addition of acrylic fibre content improved the physical properties, unevenness and imperfection of the blended yarns.

Effects of Processing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Aramid Air Textured Yarns for Protective Clothing

Abstract This study examined the mechanical properties of a para-aramid filament according to the processing conditions of air-jet textured yarns (ATY). The specimens were prepared by changing the yarn speed, over feed ratio, air pressure, and heater temperature, which are important processing factors in the ATY process. The basic physical properties of the ATY, such as denier, tenacity, breaking strain, and initial modulus, were measured and their thermal shrinkage, such as dry and wet shrinkage, were measured to determine the thermal stability of the aramid ATY. In addition, the instability of para-aramid ATY were measured and assessed with the loop formation of ATY, according to the ATY process parameters. An examination of the effects of process parameters on the physical properties of aramid ATY revealed the core overfeed and air pressure to be the main factors. A high core overfeed and air pressure make the aramid ATY crimpy in the yarn core and entangle the fluffy loops on the yarn surface, resulting in an increase in the yarn linear density and breaking strain as well as a decrease in the tenacity and initial modulus. In contrast, these yarn physical properties were unaffected by the yarn speed, heater temperature, and wetting treatment. In addition, the dry and wet thermal shrinkage were unaffected by the process parameters of ATY. On the other hand, the instability decreased with increasing core overfeed and heater temperature and increased with increasing air pressure. These results showed that a high core overfeed makes the aramid ATY crimpy with an entangled yarn structure, and high air pressure helps provide small loops on the yarn surface. Finally, a high heater temperature makes the crimpy ATY structure more stable due to the strong heat set, which results in low instability.

Structure–property of DREF-3 friction spun yarn made using twisted staple fibrous core

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the structure–property relationship of DREF-3 friction spun cotton yarn in which the core is a single twisted cotton ring yarn and the sheath is made of the same cotton fibers. The structural changes in the single staple fiber yarn when subjected to DREF spinning have been studied by using tracer fibers. The single yarn physical properties, namely its count, twist multiplier and twist direction, and the proportion of the sheath fibers used during the spinning trials, were found to correlate with the final Dref yarn mechanical properties. It was observed that the direction of single yarn twist has the most significant effect; besides, the amount of twist multiplier in the single yarn and the proportion of sheath wrapping fibers largely determine the tensile properties of such core yarns. Since breaking tenacity and elongation of the DREF yarn are inversely related, it will be appropriate to compare them in terms of specific work of rupture.

Promising Effect of Processing Parameters on Yarn Properties in Rotor Spinning

Fabric characteristics significantly depend on the physical properties of yarn and the qualities of rotor yarn greatly governed by processing parameters. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of processing parameters such as rotor diameter and speed on the physical properties of yarn in rotor spinning process. Mixing of spinning waste with the virgin cotton is a common phenomenon in rotor spinning. 0.11 sliver hank of 100% cotton fibre with 65% virgin cotton and 35% wastage was used to produce 12 Ne yarn. The favorable impact of processing parameters on the yarn characteristics were accessed by co-efficient of variation (CVm %), imperfection index (IPI), hairiness, tenacity, count strength product (CSP) and force at break. The yarn qualities were improved with increasing of rotor speed and rotor diameter.

Effect of Spinning Parameters on Thick, Thin Places and Neps of Rotor Spun Yarn

Defect free yarn is a great demand for spinner, knitter, and weaver and also other textile personnel because numerous end products from knit apparels to woven fabrics, from towels to sheets and from carpets to industrial fabrics characteristics significantly depend on the physical properties of yarn. The qualities of rotor yarn are really directed by spinning parameters. The aim of this study is to observe the effect of spinning parameters such as rotor diameter and speed on thick, thin places and neps of yarn in rotor spinning process. 0.11 sliver hank of 100% cotton was used to produce 12 Ne yarn. 65% virgin cotton and 35% wastage cotton were mixed together. The positive impact of spinning parameters on yarn properties were accessed by thick places, thin places and neps. Results indicate that the yarn qualities were improved with increasing of rotor speed and rotor diameter. The rotor diameter was settled to 43 mm while rotor speed fluctuated from 35,000 to 45,000 rpm and rotor speed was fixed to 35,000 rpm while rotor diameter across contrasts from 43 mm to 66 mm.

차양막 직물용 코팅사 제조기술에 관한 연구

This paper investigated optimum process conditions of coating yarn for awning fabric. For this purpose, the simulation for processability and yarn quality using SPSS statistics package was carried out, and PP/TPO and PET/PVC coating yarns specimens were made with variation of extruder temperature and feed speed of core yarn on the yarn coating machine for examining simulation result. It was revealed that optimum coating conditions of PP/TPO 1000d coating yarn were extruder temperature , and core yarn feed speed 400~500m/min. Mechanical property and thermal shrinkage of PP/TPO coating yarn made at this conditions were best and core evenness rates of these coating yarns by yarn compression tester were also superior, which was certified by SEM photograph. In addition, these experimental results were coincided with simulation results. It was found that, in PET/PVC coating yarn, yarn physical properties between 1500d and 1200d coated yarns were not shown any difference, and core evenness rates of these coating yarns were superior. It revealed and concluded that these simulated coating conditions are applicable to production field.

Performance of cotton single yarns and knitted fabrics produced by a 2-step spinning method

A low torque spinning method has been recently developed by integrating the ring spinning process with false twisting techniques. As a result of false twist and true twist, a novel single yarn of low torque and soft handle is generated. Based on the similar spinning principle, this paper proposed a 2-step spinning method, which is composed of twisting-anduntwisting operation and can be considered as a variant of the low torque spinning method. The proposed spinning method separates the false twisting process into twisting and untwisting processes which are combined in one step in the low torque spinning method. In this paper, physical properties of yarns produced by the proposed spinning method were evaluated and compared with the conventional yarns. Influences of various spinning parameters on the properties of 2-step yarns were also examined. Furthermore, a systematic study of the physical properties of the 2-step yarns and resultant fabrics with respect to the conventional and low torque ones was carried out. The experimental results showed that the 2-step yarns exhibit slightly higher tenacity, lower wet snarl and much less hairiness than the conventional yarns, which, however, are inferior to the low torque yarns, particularly the evenness. The fabrics made by the 2-step yarns show the softest handle feeling, best airpermeability and moderate spirality angle with acceptable pilling resistance.

Physical Properties of Yarn from Paper Mulberry

This research were examined the spinning processes of paper mulberry yarn and also investigated the physical properties of paper mulberry yarn. The results show that a possibilities of spinning of paper mulberry fiber into yarn which is a longitudinal view similar to that of cotton. An average yarn count, tenacity and elongation are 1,022 tex, 66.39 cN/tex, and 17.80%, respectively. These results represent the beginning of the research to rescue traditional knowledge, combined with the possibility of the introduction of a new textile fiber on the market.

Blended Yarn Analysis: Part II—Influence of Twist Multiplier and Back Roller Cot Hardness on Mass Variation, Hairiness, and Physical Properties of 15 Tex PES/CO-Blended Ring-Spun Yarn

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of twist multiplier and back roller cot hardness on the characteristics of PES/CO-blended ring-spun yarn. Yarn samples of 15 tex were spun from three blend ratios, i.e., PES/CO 30/70, 50/50, and 70/30 at ring frame at seven different twist multipliers and three back roller cot shores. Yarn samples were analyzed at Uster Tester 4 and Uster Tansorapid 4 for evenness and physical properties, respectively. The results indicate that hairiness is inversely related to twist multiplier, whereas yarn physical properties improved in PES/CO 30/70 with addition of twist and an inverse trend was observed in other two blend ratios. Back roller cot hardness has positive correlation with CV% and imperfections and negative correlation with yarn physical properties.

Physical properties of Kevlar and Nomex plied and covered yarns

This article experimentally investigates various physical properties of Kevlar and Nomex plied yarns. The tensile properties of a yarn decide the performance of post spinning operations – warping, weaving and knitting – hence its accurate technical evaluation carries much importance in industrial applications. For this purpose, Nm 50 Kevlar and Nomex yarns were twisted in various combinations with a DirecTwist machine. Multi-yarn twisting and cross-yarn covering methods were used to produce plied yarns. Surface roughness (both pin friction coefficient and yarn-to-yarn friction coefficient), lint generation, hairiness, breaking force and breaking elongation properties of the yarns were tested. Furthermore, the effect of twisting technique, twist amount and yarn type on these physical properties of yarns were statistically investigated.

CHARACTERISTICS OF COTTON FABRICS PRODUCED FROM SIROSPUN AND PLIED YARNS

The use of sirospun yarns eliminates two processing stages in comparison with the two-fold yarns production process and consequently, reduces the cost of production. It is claimed that, it brings many advantages for yarn and fabric quality. However, the benefit of this new concept is still to be investigated extensively. The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the quality parameters of the (sirospun yarns and conventional two-fold yarns and fabrics) of counts 50/2 and 80/2. In addition, the yarn properties of single yarn counts 25/1 and 40/1. Giza 88 Egyptian cotton combed at 18% noils was used. Yarn physical properties including tensile strength, elongation, unevenness and hairiness were measured and compared. The sirospun yarn values achieved were superb, with regard to yarn strength, elongation and hairiness. The results indicated that increasing the yarn count within the range of Ne 50/2 to Ne 80/2 decreased the hairiness of sirospun yarn. It is also shown that the hairiness of sirospun yarns is significantly less than that of two-fold ring spun yarns. According to results, the structural differences between sirospun and conventional two-fold yarns had a significant influence on weft direction fabric properties. Weft direction woven from sirospun yarns were found to have higher tensile strength than fabrics woven from ring two-fold yarns. The test results regarding color reflectance and color strength (K/S) indicated that there is insignificant difference in color reflectance between the fabrics of sirospun and conventional two-fold yarns in 80/2 and 50/2 Ne. The sirospun fabrics recorded slightly lower color strength than the conventional two-fold yarn fabrics. This result reveals that much less dye can be used for the fabrics of sirospun fabric, so their dyeing cost might be lower for the same depth of shade in comparison to fabrics of conventional two-fold yarns.

군용 및 산자용 나일론 고강력 태섬사 및 후직물의 물성 분석

This paper surveys the mechanical properties of nylon high tenacity coarse yarn and fabric for military and technical textiles. For this purpose, 6 kinds of yarns and 2 kinds of fabrics are prepared. The yarn physical properties such as yarn count, thermal shrinkages, and tensile properties are measured and discussed with the characteristics of the domestic and imported yarns. And, the physical and mechanical properties of these fabrics are also measured and discussed with the usage of these fabrics in the military and technical textiles fields. Hereafter, the differences of physical properties between domestic and foreign yarn specimens for high functional military and technical fabrics are estimated through this study.

Influence of Fiber Morphology and Yarn Spinning Process on the 3D Loop Shape of Weft Knitted Fabrics in Terms of Roughness and Thickness

The literature reports the parameters as well as their influence at different levels on the geometric properties of single-jersey fabrics: the main role of stitch length, the medium importance of fabric tightness, the minor influence of yarn physical properties, and the non-influence of the knitting process. This study reveals that even if yarn physical properties and the knitting process have a very small influence on fabric geometric characteristics relative to stitch length and fabric tightness, the effects must not be neglected on fabric roughness and thickness, i.e., the 3D loop shape. Even a very small difference in loop shape can change fabric tactility and quality, and therefore fabric sales. This paper shows experimentally the influence on roughness and thickness of fiber fineness and the yarn spinning process for three different cover factors, i.e., indirectly on the three-dimensional loop shape. In fact, both fiber fineness and the yarn spinning process influence yarn properties and more precisely, bending rigidity. Moreover, the influence of fabric tensile stress during knitting on 3D loop shape properties is discussed. After full relaxation, the loop shape depends on yarn characteristics, stitch length, and tensile stress walewise due to the knitting process. In fact, yarn bending rigidity and the interyarn friction coefficient are very important for loop shape: when bending rigidity decreases and the frictional coefficient increases, tensile stress in the knitting process is more influential.

The Appearance of Pneumatic Spliced Short Staple Ring Spun Yarns

The appearance of a yarn is one of the most important yarn physical properties no matter it is for normal yarns, fancy yarns or the spliced yarns. As for the spliced yarns, the appearance of the splices will be used as an indicator to indicate whether the splice is acceptable or not for providing the necessary strength for further processing. When splicing the yarns under different splicer and yarn parameters, different spliced yarn appearance will be obtained. The appearance of the splices were then compared with the parent yarns and a grade (1 to 5) was then given to the splice with, 1 equals to Fail and 5 equals to Identical. The results indicated that the yarn linear density and the length of the yarn tails are the most important parameters that affect the appearance of the spliced yarn.

Decrystallization and acetylation and benzoylation of cotton fibers

AbstractThe general effects of chemical modification such as acetylation and benzoylation on cotton yarns and fabrics are described and it is demonstrated that the physical properties of yarns and fabrics in terms of their elongation, moisture regain, friction, abrasion resistance, and recovery are enhanced significantly. Thermal analysis data show that benzoylated sample is the most stable product.

THE EFFECT OF HEAT TRANSFER OF YARN PACKAGE DURING HEAT SET ON PROPERTIES OF HARD-TWIST YARN

As a factor affecting the hard-twist yarn's physical properties during heat set, the heat transfer of a yarn package was studied with a simple model.The simple model used regards the yarn package as the complex of yarn and air without radiation and convection, and implies the effect of barrel to the heat transfer coefficient of inner side.The results obtained are as follows:(1) Heat transfer of the yarn package in dry air is able to analyze with the simple model. On the other hand, heat transfer in humid air is difficult to analyze only with the simple model because of humid air's diffusion in the yarn package. But, this method is useful to predict the behavior of yarn that forms the yarn package.(2) Irregularity of hard-twist yarn's physical properties that appears during heat set is caused by obstruction of shrinking by barrel, difference in temperature rise and irregularity of relaxation of winding tension.