Physical Properties Of Sandy Soil Research Articles

Impact of Nanoparticles from Ball-Milled Date Palm Biochar on the Hydro-Physical Characteristics of Sandy Soils

Water management in sandy soils (Typic Torripsamments) is crucial in sustaining agricultural production. The main goal of this research was to assess the impact of date palm biochar on the physical properties of sandy soil with different particle sizes of biochar (macro and nano). For nano-biochar preparation, stick chips were established into a tubular furnace with nitrogen air and heated to 400–450 °C, which was accompanied by a holding period of 4 h. The ball-milled biochar was inclined via ball grinding in a model number PQN2.110 planetary mill and within jars (500 mL), and the biochar-to-sphere mass ratio was 1:100. The sphere-milling apparatus was processed at a speed of 300 rpm for 13 h. Laboratory experiments were carried out at one rate—biochar 5%—and three depths (0.0–5, 5–10, and 10–15 cm). Applying macro-biochar reduced cumulative evaporation compared to the control by 4%, 24%, and 14% for the macro-biochar particles at soil depths. In contrast, biochar reduced cumulative evaporation compared to the control by 8%, 12%, and 4% for the nano-biochar particles at the soil depths tested. Adding biochar significantly raised the amount of retained water, with the highest level recorded at the 5–10 cm depth, while the variations were significantly lower between the macro and nano-biochar when in the direction of the soil surface (0–5 cm), indicating the significance of mixing biochar with the top 10 cm of the soil to increase its ability to reduce evaporation and increase the amount of water retained in the soils. It could be concluded that applying at the top of the coarse soil can positively impact soil hydro-physical properties and increase soil water availability to plants.

Fate of Nano Soil Particles and Their Influence on Geotechnical and Physiochemical Properties of Sandy Soil

Laboratory study was conducted to estimate the effectiveness of geotechnical and physio-chemical properties of sandy soil stabilized mixed with nano-fine sandy soil particles. The specimens’ soils were brought together at Ismailia province. Then, through high energy milling process -soil specimens as Nano size were derived powdering process of specimens. Due to the incomplete quantity produced from the powdering process, various percentages (1%, 12%, 3% and 4%) as Nano specimens were added to experiment. The different rates of specimens as Nano size added in sandy soil have suitable moistness at supreme soil density (dry soil). The result shows that the addition of various percentages of Nano-soil particles to sandy land enhanced property of shear strength; particles strength and compressive strong suit of become stable sandy soil. Also data illustrated that the Atterberg limits of sandy soil stabilized using nano-soil were augmented compared to the control treatment. The augmentation of the electrical conductivity of the sandy soil using nano fine soil as filler allows the potential for use it as soil conditioner technologies. Sandy soil treated by nano fine soil cause a valuable augmentation in the electrical characteristics, tensile strength and thermal stability of sandy soil. In addition, soil hydro physical properties of sandy soil were improved by nano fine sandy soil application. In conclusion, applied various percentages of Nano-specimens gave a vital starring role to improve and boosted the geotechnical, hydro physical and dielectric and electrical investigation properties of sandy soils. The result shows that the addition of 1, 2, 3 and 4% nano-soil particles to sandy soil enhanced the property of shear strength, soil strength and compressive strength of stabilized sandy soil. Also the data showed that the Atterberg limits of sandy soil stabilized using nano-soil were augmented compared to the control treatment. The augmentation of the electrical conductivity of the sandy soil using nano fine soil as filler allows the potential for use it as soil conditioner technologies. Sandy soil treated by nano fine soil cause a valuable augmentation in the electrical characteristics, tensile strength and thermal stability of sandy soil. In addition, soil hydro physical properties of sandy soil were improved by nano fine sandy soil application. In conclusion, applied small amount of nano-soil has a major role to recover and enhanced the geotechnical, hydro physical and dielectric and electrical investigation properties of sandy soils.

Ameliorating Effect of Biochar on some Physical Properties of Sandy Soil and Water use Efficiency of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Plant Grown under Drip Irrigation

Field experiments were conducted in two successive seasons (2018 and 2019) to investigate the effect of biochar application rates on weight basis (0.0 % (BC0), 0.2 % (BC1), 0.4 % (BC2) and 0.6 % (BC3)) on soil some physical properties, yield productivity and water use efficiency of tomato grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation. The results indicated that the soil physical properties, yield component and water use efficiency of tomato were significantly and positively affected (P ˂ 0.05) by biochar application treatments. Marked lowering in bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration depth of the sandy soil in both the two growing seasons as results of increasing application rate of biochar. In addition , increasing rate of biochar application resulted in significant increase of total porosity, mean weight diameter (MWD) , soil moisture constants (i.e., saturation percentage (SP), field capacity (F.C.), and wilting point (W.P.)), and soil water retention of sandy soil in both the two growing seasons. The measured available water content (AWC, %) showed a significant increase with increasing rate of biochar application which can be arranged in the order: BC3˃BC2˃BC1˃BC0. The results showed that the highest yield of tomato (32.4 and 31.9 ton.fed-1) was obtained due to BC2 treatment in both seasons. The maximum values of WUE (10.7 and 10.5 kg / m3) were associated with BC2 treatment (0.4 wt. % biochar) in both seasons. Consequently, under sandy soil conditions, application of biochar might be a promising amendment for ameliorating soil physical properties and subsequently enhancing tomato plant productivity. Tomato, Sandy soil, Biochar, Soil Physical Properties, Water use efficiency

Use of montmorillonite-enriched siltstone for improving water condition and plant growth in sandy soil

Revegetation in arid and semi-arid regions is restricted by soil water shortage. Improvement of sandy soil properties, especially for soil water related properties, is therefore vital for successful revegetation. In this study, montmorillonite-enriched siltstone (MS), a type of fine particle soil material, was used to improve sandy soil in a field experiment with four volume proportions: 0% (M0%), 25% (M25%), 75% (M75%), and 100% (M100%) of MS, which was then planted with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) for 3 years. The objective was to investigate the improvement effect of MS on the physical properties of sandy soil and its support for plant growth. The results showed that the addition of MS significantly increased the soil physical quality (SPQ) indicators, such as available water capacity (AWC), which increased from 7.39% (M0%) to 10.18% (M100%), while hydraulic conductivity (Ks) decreased by 34.1% (M25%) and 57.5% (M75%), and bulk soil air capacity (ACB) decreased by 12.6% (M25%) and 39.4% (M75%). These results were mainly related to the high content of fine particles in MS, such as montmorillonite, a 2:1 clay mineral. The average profile soil water content (SWC) increased from 9.20% to 14.08% (M25%) and 24.62% (M75%). The temporal stability of SWC was also significantly increased by MS addition, while drainage was significantly decreased. Both above-ground biomass (ABG) and water use efficiency (WUE) increased by approximately two times in M25% and M75% in 2015 and five times in M25% and M75% in 2016. This result verified the positive effect of MS addition on sandy soil properties. However, more than 75% MS addition (such as M100%) in sandy soil decreased ACB to less than 15% and decreased ABG by 75.3% compared with that of M75%. This study gives a new strategy for improving sandy soil using local finer materials with a high content of montmorillonite. Considering the improvement effects and engineering cost, a 25% volume proportion of MS was recommended.

Micro-Scale Analysis of Microbial-Induced Calcite Precipitation in Sandy Soil through SEM/FIB Imaging

Abstract

Effect of Biochar and Chicken Manure on Soil Properties and Growth Traits of Coriander Plant Irrigated with Saline Water in Sandy Soil

A pot trial was conducted in the nursery of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University during the 2016/2017 season to study the effect of biochar and chicken manure on sandy soil properties and traits of coriander plant and the possibility of utilizing the seawater diluted (10%) in irrigation. Randomized complete plot design (RCBD) with three replicates was used in this study. The treatments were as follows: Without (Control), Chicken manure, (20 ton fed-1, i.e. 400 g pot-1) and biochar, (5 ton fed-1, i.e. 100 gpot-1). Results showed that the organic amendments [chicken manure and biochar] had highly significant effects on all the studied chemical and physical properties of sandy soil such as, total N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, pH, EC and bulk density. Adding biochar and chicken manure gave the best values of all the studied chemical and physical properties of sandy soil compared with control. Also, it was noticed surpassed that biochar treatment over chicken manure in some chemical traits of the soil, such as, total N, P, Na and Cl in the soil. On the other side, the chicken manure surpassed over biochar in some chemical traits of the soil, such as, K, Fe, Mn, Ca and Mg. Results indicated that the organic amendments [chicken manure and biochar] had highly significant effects on all the studied chemical, growth and yield traits of coriander plant, i.e. total N, P and K (%); total Fe, Zn and Mn contents (mgkg-1); plant fresh weight (g), plant dry weight (g), plant height (cm), leaves number per plant and chlorophyll content. Adding chicken manure and biochar gave the best values of all the studied chemical, growth and yield traits of coriander plant compared with control. In addition, it was noticed surpassed the chicken manure over biochar in improving all the studied chemical, growth and yield traits of coriander plant. Therefore, it could be recommended that adding the organic amendments (chicken manure or biochar) to improve the chemical and physical properties of sandy soil and chemical and growth traits of coriander plant irrigated with saline water (diluted seawater, 10%) in sandy soil.

Investigation of changes in the physical properties of the sandy soil in geotechnical control of the road embankment

The aim of this work is to determine the effect of “temperature-precipitation” climate parameters on the physical properties of sandy soil of an embankment during the construction period. The object of this study is sand from a quarry and the upper layer of the road embankment before and after the climatic effect during the “autumn-winter-spring” period. The results of this study revealed changes in sand gradation, coefficient of permeability and void ratio of a sandy soil after the influence of “temperature-precipitation” climate parameters during a short time period. The results of this study can be used for geotechnical control of construction process.

Liquefaction analysis of abrasion protection structure in Padang

The liquefaction potential of a soil deposit is an important aspect to consider the stability of structure due to the earthquake. The liquefaction may also contribute to the safety of coastal constructions. The assessment of liquefaction potential can be started by having the physical properties of sandy soil that include grain size and density. Those parameters had known to give effects to the liquefaction resistance. Those physical properties of sand soil associated with liquefaction resistance must be tested in the laboratory. A case study of a real construction design in Padang, Indonesia is discussed here. The liquefaction potential was assessed using the Density-Grain size methods. The suggested solution to treat those problems is then provided. The compaction treatment to reach a certain relative density before the construction on site may avoid the liquefaction potential and save the coastal structure.

The effect of solid sewage waste (sludge) on some physical properties of sandy soil

A field experiment were conducted in Al-Najme field's bergessa region, which is located in Zubair district Basrah governorate, in spring season 2016. The soil texture was Loamy Sand. The aims of the experiments are to study the effect of different levels of sludge and incubation periods on some physical and chemical properties of the soil during the growing stages of sorghum crop (Sorghum bicolor L.) (middle of the season, 40 days from the sowing dates) and the end of the growing stage, after the harvest and depths of application (0-30) cm (d1) and (30-60) cm (d2) in addition to the growing and production parameters. The sludge factor includes five levels 0 (S0), 25 (S1), 50 (S2), 75 (S3) and 100 tons ha-1 (S4). The incubation before seeds sowing factor included three levels namely, 30 (T1), 60 (T2), and 90 (T3).The statistical design used R.C.B.D. The field area was divided into three equal areas blocks The blocks were smoothly leveled . Each block was divided into 15 units. The treatments were randomly distributed in each block. The sorghum seeds were sown in row in 1/4/2016.The irrigation water was added according to the reduction in the water of the basin due to evaporation. The irrigation water amount was equal to 100% of the amount evaporated plus 20% as leaching requirement. Crop harvesting was carried out in 10/7/2016.The results of the experiment showed the followings: Soil water content (pw) significantly increased due to addition of sludge .S4 recorded the highest value of pw while S0 recorded the lowest value.S1, S2, S3 recorded medium value of pw at mid and end stages of crop growth. Incubation period of 90 days surpassed 30 and 60 day periods at mid and end stages of growth.d2 significantly surpassed d1in increasing pw, where as pw decreased at the end of growth stage compared with the mid stage. The sludge significantly increased MWD at mid and final stages of growth of sorghum crop.S4 and S3 recorded the highest values while S0 recorded the lowest values of MWD. MWD values also increased with incubation periods while decreased with depth of application the final stage of growth gave higher values of MWD compared with mid stage.

Laboratory Liquefaction Test of Sand Based on Grain Size and Relative Density

Liquefaction due to strong earthquakes often occurs in sandy soil under low water table conditions with certain physical properties. The physical properties of sandy soil that give effect to liquefaction resistance include grain size and relative density. This paper presents the physical properties of sand soils related to their resistance to vibration. Vibration tests were conducted by using a shaking table. The acceleration and settlement of the samples were recorded during shaking. The tests were conducted with variation of soil density and mean grain size. The test results showed that average grain size and relative density of sand have a unique effect on liquefaction resistance. It can be concluded that there is a density limit with respect to the mean grain size of the sand particles associated with the liquefaction resistance for a certain acceleration.

Changes in physical properties of sandy soil after long-term compost treatment

Abstract Studying the long-term effect of composted sewage sludge application on chemical, physical and biological properties of soil, an experiment was established in 2003 at the Research Institute of Nyíregyháza in Hungary. The applied compost was prepared from sewage sludge (40%), straw (25%), bentonite (5%) and rhyolite (30%). The compost was ploughed into the 0-25 cm soil layer every 3rd year in the following amounts: 0, 9, 18 and 27 Mg ha−1 of dry matter. As expected, the compost application improved the structure of sandy soil, which is related with an increase in the organic matter content of soil. The infiltration into soil was improved significantly, reducing the water erosion under simulated high intensity rainfall. The soil compaction level was reduced in the first year after compost re-treatment. In accordance with the decrease in bulk density, the air permeability of soil increased tendentially. However, in the second year the positive effects of compost application were observed only in the plots treated with the highest compost dose because of quick degradation of the organic matter. According to the results, the sewage sludge compost seems to be an effective soil improving material for acidic sandy soils, but the beneficial effect of application lasts only for two years.

Effects of Nanoclay on Some Physical Properties of Sandy Soil and Wind Erosion

Effects of Nanoclay on Some Physical Properties of Sandy Soil and Wind Erosion

Improving some Physical Properties of Sandy Soil and Conocarpus erectus L. Plant Growth by the Application of Hydrogel

SOIL physical properties of a growing medium are important ……. for optimal plant growth. The present factorial pot experiment was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2010 and 2011. The study aimed at investigating the effects of synthetic commercial amendment (hydrogel) levels applied under two irrigation rates, to assess their influence on some sandy soil physical properties and buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus L.) seedlings growth traits. The irrigation rates were 65 and 35% of the available soil moisture depletion (ASMD), whereas the hydrogel levels were 0.00 (control), 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20%. Soil physical properties were evaluated by determining the total porosity, field capacity, wilting point, available water, and soil bulk density. Moreover, the plant height, root length, shoots and roots fresh and dry weights and shoots: roots ratio, as expressions of seedlings growth responses, were also measured. Generally, the sandy soil physical properties, as well as the seedlings shoot and root growths, were improved by increasing hydrogel concentration in the soil when compared to their controls. The two irrigation rates also affected both of the soil properties and the seedlings growth. Furthermore, the highest concentration of the hydrogel amendment under 35% ASMD prolonged the soil water loss time; increased the field capacity, which reflected on the soil available water; encouraged the formation of aggregates that, in turn, decreased the soil bulk densities; and hence improved the seedling shoots and roots growth biometrics. This study demonstrates also that the addition of hydrogel to planting medium under different irrigation rates increases water use efficiency by preventing applied moisture from infiltrating beyond plant root zones and maximizing the portion of applied water available for plant uptake. Thereby amended sandy soil with hydrophilic-gel can be used in arid and semi-arid areas to provide a better environment for seedlings to grow.

The effect of compost application on physical properties of sandy soil

The sewage sludge compost is suitable to improve the colloid-poor sandy soils, which are common characteristics of poor water- and nutrientholding capacity. The general characteristics of sandy soils are the light mechanical composition, the low content of humus and mineral colloids, large pore size and a bad aggregate stability. They have a poor nutrient supply capacity, due to its high porosity the organic matter is degraded very quickly to mineral colloids (Stefanovits et al., 1999).
 By the compost application the soil is enriched mineral and organic colloids, thereby improving the soil structure. The effect of addition of compost to soil the water- and nutrient-holding capacity and porosity could be increased and the bulk density could be decreased (Martens and Frankenberger, 1992).
 The aim of our experiment is to carry out physical measurements to determine the effects of compost treatment. In this study the results of the first year are presented.

Effect of Corn Straw-Bentonite-Polyethylene on Physical Properties of Sandy Soil

In recent years, a variety of soil amendments came out and achieved certain results in the modification of desertification soil. However, most soil amendments belong to chemical product. They’re cost and produce secondary pollution easily. In order to further study on the measures to improve degeneration soil, make full use of renewable resources, and minimize secondary pollution, corn straw, bentonite and PAM were used simultaneously in the pot experiment to explore their synergic effect on the structure of sandy soil. In this test, corn straw is selected as the research objects. Different amounts of straw modified materials are applied in the pot experiment. Physical properties such as pH, bulk density, and aggregates were analyzed at 10 days, 30 days, 60 days and 90 days. Results showed that under the condition of different additions and doses of straw modified material, with the increase of PAM, the straw modified material did not have significant influence on pH value of sandy soils. Bulk density of the sandy soil decreased under the effect of the straw modified material. The higher the doses, or the more the content of PAM (but still<2%), the more apparently the bulk density decreased. With the increase of time, bulk density of the soil first increased and then decreased, reaching minimum at 60 days. The content of 1~5 mm aggregate increased obviously at 90 days with the addition of modified material, which was 2.12 times of control value. With the increase of content of PAM (<2%), the content of 1~5 mm aggregate increased gradually. When the content of PAM continued to increase (reaching 3%), the content of 1~5 mm aggregate decreased instead. Effect of straw modified material on sandy soil was optimum under the condition of corn straw, bentonite (albany grease, 200 item) and PAM (anionic poluacrylamides, 1.0×107 daltons, and solution 30%) 900:100:20, 10g/5kg for 60 days of pot experiment.

Changes of Physical Properties of Sandy Soil And Growth of Physic Nut (Jatropha Curcas L.) Due to Addition of Clay and Organic Matter

Agricultural sandy soil in Situbondo, East Java province, Indonesia which is used as a center garden for physic nut seed production has poor physical properties of soil indicated by low capacity to retain water. For plant growth of physic nut, the sandy soil physical properties need to be improved. In this study, the influence of addition of clay together with organic matter and intervals of irrigation to sandy soil on aggregate stability, bulk density, total soil porosity, water available content and plant growth of physic nut was investigated. The rates of clay and organic matter incorporated to top sandy soil were 5% clay + 0.8% organic matter and 1O% clay + 1.6% organic matter. Two intervals of irrigation tested were 10 days and 20 days. The results showed that incorporation of clay together with organic matter increased aggregate stability, total soil porosity, available water content and plant growth of physic nut. Intervals of irrigation had no influence of soil physical properties and plant growth. Keywords: agricultural, sandy soil, clay, organic matter, soil properties, physic nut

Effect of termite mound material on the physical properties of sandy soil and on the growth characteristics of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in semi-arid Niger

This investigation assessed the effects of termite mound material (TMM) on the physical properties of sandy soil and on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth characteristics and water use efficiency. TMM combined with organic manure, TMM combined with rice straw mulching and organic manure, organic manure alone (OM) and unamended (T0) were the treatments used. Results showed that soil treated with TMM had more clay sized particles and organic carbon content than T0 and OM. In TMM-treated soil, more water was being retained at both field capacity and permanent wilting point. The application of TMM did not affect the amount of plant available water. Saturated hydraulic conductivity also remained unaffected by the TMM application, but increased with the organic matter treatment. Tomatoes grown in TMM amended soils had greater plant height and more leaves, fruit and biomass. No specific rate of TMM application was better for all parameters being assessed. The amount of water used by the tomatoes was significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with fresh fruit yield (r = 0.82), leaf area index (r = 0.82) and total dry matter production (r = 0.68). While TMM did not specifically affect plant water-use efficiency, this parameter was generally improved in amended soils.

Physical Properties of Sandy Soil Affected by Soil Conditioner Under Wetting and Drying cycles

Information on the effectiveness of soil conditioners over a prolonged period is scarce. A laboratory experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of a polyacrylamide (Broadleaf P4) soil conditioner on the physical properties of sandy soil subjected to wetting and drying cycles. Four concentrations of Broadleaf P4 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% on dry weight basis were uniformly mixed with a calcareous sandy soil. Addition of Broadleaf P4 to sandy soil increased the water holding capacity, decreased the bulk density, and increased the porosity and void ratio at 0 and 16 wetting and drying cycles. The coefficient of linear extensibility increased considerably with increasing concentrations of the polymer. The addition of polymer at 0 and 16 cycles increased considerably the retention and availability of water in sandy soil. Saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased with increasing concentrations of Broadleaf P4 whereas unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at 0 and 16 cycles showed an increase with increasing soil moisture contents. After I6 wetting and drying cycles, the capacity of the soil to hold water was lost on average by 15.8% when compared to the 0 wetting and drying cycle. The effectiveness of the soil conditioner on bulk density, coefficient of linear extensibility, available water and saturated hydraulic conductivity was reduced on average by 14.1, 24.5, 21.l and 53.7% respectively. The significant changes in soil properties between 0 and 16 cycles suggested that the effectiveness of the conditioner decreased with the application of wetting and drying cycles. However, its effect was still considerable when compared to untreated soil under laboratory conditions.

Effects of prolonged sewage irrigation on some physical properties of sandy soil

Nine soil profiles were taken from El Gabal El Asfar Farm, 25 km north-east of Cairo. Eight of them represented soils irrigated with sewage water for 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 years, where citrus trees are grown. The remaining profile was from a virgin area. Soil texture, CaCO 3, organic matter and cation exchange capacity were determined. There were no marked variations in soil texture with sewage application up to the tenth year; thereafter, the texture changed from sandy to loamy-sand in the upper soil layer after 40 years, but subsequently in the upper and subsoils up to the seventieth year. Soil organic matter and cation exchange capacity gradually increased with sewage application. CaCO 3 in soils gradually decreased in the upper layers and increased in the subsoils. Accordingly, prolonged irrigation with sewage water, up to 70 years, improved the soil texture and increased both cation exchange capacity and organic matter content.

シルト質土の締固め特性

It is important for anyone engaging himself in the construction of some earth structures, such as earth dam, subgrade and base course of the road, to have a comprehensive knowledge respecting the relationship between the moisture content of remolded soils and their compacted density. From the viewpoint of engineering purposes, however, it is also necessary to know the influence of compacted densities which correspond to various moisture contents on the shear strength of the soil.So far, some investigations have been made with respect to physical properties of sandy soil or clay. As for silt whose particle size is situated between sand and clay, on the other hand, there exist many unknown parts in its engineering behavior.In this paper, some experimental considerations are treated for interesting characters encountered in compacting silty soil. Socalled Rhein-silt, a wind-laid deposit existing widely near the Rhein in Germany, is used as the specimen.The experimental research performed in this study consists of two procedures; one is the compaction test accompanied with measuring the penetration resistance of Proctor's needle, and another is the triaxial compression test of the compacted soil with pore pressure measurement.It is clarified from this study that there is a remarkable difference between the compaction curves (i.e. density vs. water content curves) obtained by either the wetting process or the drying one, and that the maximum shear strength of the compacted Rhein-silt exists at the water content somewhat smaller than the optimum, which corresponds to that of maximum negative pore pressure in the specimen.