Physical Layer Security Transmission Research Articles

Joint Beamforming Design of Physical Layer Security Transmission for IRS Assisted V2V Communication

Joint Beamforming Design of Physical Layer Security Transmission for IRS Assisted V2V Communication

Intelligent-Reflecting-Surface-Assisted Single-Input Single-Output Secure Transmission: A Joint Multiplicative Perturbation and Constructive Reflection Perspective.

Due to the inherent broadcasting nature and openness of wireless transmission channels, wireless communication systems are vulnerable to the eavesdropping of malicious attackers and usually encounter undesirable situations of information leakage. The problem may be more serious when a passive eavesdropping device is directly connected to the transmitter of a single-input single-output (SISO) system. To deal with this urgent situation, a novel IRS-assisted physical-layer secure transmission scheme based on joint transmitter perturbation and IRS reflection (JPR) is proposed, such that the secrecy of wireless SISO systems can be comprehensively guaranteed regardless of whether the reflection-based jamming from the IRS to the eavesdropper is blocked or not. Moreover, to develop a trade-off between the achievable performance and implementation complexity, we propose both element-wise and group-wise reflected perturbation alignment (ERPA/GRPA)-based IRS reflection strategies, respectively. In order to evaluate the achievable performance, we analyze the ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) and secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the SISO secure systems with the ERPA/GRPA-based JPRs, respectively. Finally, by characterizing the simulated and numerical ESR and SOP performance results, our proposed scheme is compared with the benchmark scheme of random phase-based reflection, which strongly demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

Physical layer secure transmission in the coexistence of V2I and V2V with RIS assistance

The security of vehicle communication becomes increasingly important due to the transmission requirement of large-scale security and privacy data in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). This paper investigates the physical layer secure transmission with reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) assistance in the coexistence of vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V). It establishes a communication model for physical layer secure transmission where the eavesdropping user exists. Based on this model, we propose a V2I physical layer secure transmission rate (PLSTR) maximization problem and solve it by employing an alternating optimization algorithm based on generalized Rayleigh entropy and semi-definite relaxation programming so as to obtain optimal V2I base station precoding and RIS reflection coefficient matrix. Simulation results further validate the superiority of the proposed algorithm and analyze the impact of relevant parameters on system performance.

Remote radio frequency unit selection of self-sustaining distributed base-station system based on downlink physical layer secure transmission

Remote radio frequency unit selection of self-sustaining distributed base-station system based on downlink physical layer secure transmission

Resource allocation algorithm for downlink secure transmission in wireless EH cooperative networks with idle relay-assisted jamming

In wireless Energy Harvesting (EH) cooperative networks, we investigate the problem of secure energy-saving resource allocation for downlink physical layer security transmission. Initially, we establish a model for a multi-relay cooperative network incorporating wireless energy harvesting, spectrum sharing, and system power constraints, focusing on physical layer security transmission in the presence of eavesdropping nodes. In this model, the source node transmits signals while injecting Artificial Noise (AN) to mitigate eavesdropping risks, and an idle relay can act as a jamming node to assist in this process. Based on this model, we formulate an optimization problem for maximizing system secure harvesting energy efficiency, this problem integrates constraints on total power, bandwidth, and AN allocation. We proceed by conducting a mathematical analysis of the optimization problem, deriving optimal solutions for secure energy-saving resource allocation, this includes strategies for power allocation at the source and relay nodes, bandwidth allocation among relays, and power splitting for the energy harvesting node. Thus, we propose a secure resource allocation algorithm designed to maximize secure harvesting energy efficiency. Finally, We validate the correctness of the theoretical derivation through Monte Carlo simulations, discussing the impact of parameters such as legitimate channel gain, power splitting factor, and the number of relays on secure harvesting energy efficiency of the system. The simulation results show that the proposed secure energy-saving resource allocation algorithm effectively enhances the security performance of the system.

Secure physical layer transport strategies in mobile edge computing

Abstract In the past, mobile edge computing faced problems such as information leakage and eavesdropping during offloading of computing resources. To bolster the comprehensive security of the mobile edge computing system, a physical layer secure transmission strategy in mobile edge computing is proposed. First, a drone-mobile edge computing system is studied, which consists of M legitimate drones, N user devices, and K eavesdropping drones. Second, a multi-intelligence deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm is used to optimize the flight path, transmit power, and offloading ratio of the legitimate UAVs in combination with a prioritized empirical replay mechanism. Finally, under the premise of guaranteeing offloading, it realizes that the user’s confidential information is not stolen by eavesdroppers, safeguards the overall security of the system, and maximizes the efficiency of security computing. In this paper, the proposed algorithm enhances security transmission efficiency by 50% compared to other benchmark schemes. This demonstrates that the algorithm is effective.

Chaos key enhanced physical layer secure transmission method based on the convolutional long short-term memory neural network

In this paper, we propose a method for training a key-enhanced chaotic sequence using the convolutional long short term memory neural network (CLSTM-NN) for secure transmission. This method can cope with the potential security risk posed by the degradation of chaotic dynamics when using chaotic model encryption in traditional secure transmissions. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the key space by 1036 compared to traditional chaotic models, reaching 10241. The method was applied to orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM). To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme, we conducted transmission experiments of encrypted 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) OCDM signals at a speed of 53.25 Gb/s over a 2 km length of 7-core optical fiber and test different encryption schemes. After key enhancements, the overall number of keys in the system can increase from 18 to 105.The results show that there is no significant difference between the bit error rate (BER) performance of the encryption method proposed in this paper and the traditional encryption method. The maximum performance difference between the different systems does not exceed 1 dBm. This fact proves the feasibility of the proposed scheme and provides new ideas for the next generation of secure transmission.

All-digital Device-compatible Real-time Physical Layer Secure Transmission based on Delta-sigma Modulation

All-digital Device-compatible Real-time Physical Layer Secure Transmission based on Delta-sigma Modulation

An Anonymous Authentication and Secure Communication Protocol in Ad-Hoc Networks

Abstract: The one-time pad (OTP) stable transmission is based at the random keys to acquire best secrecy, whilst the unpredictable wi-fi channel is proven to be an awesome random source. There is only a few paintings of the joint layout of OTP and key era from wi-fi channels. This paper presents a complete and quantitative research on stable transmission accomplished with the use of using OTP and wi-fi channel randomness. We recommend OTP stable transmission schemes, i.e., Identical Keyprimarily based totally Physical Layer Secure Transmission (IK-PST) and Un-Same Key-primarily based totally Physical-layer Secure Transmission (UK-PST). We quantitatively examine the overall performance of each schemes and show that UKPST outperforms IK-PST. We enlarge the pairwise techniques to a collection of customers in networks with super mega celebrity and chain topologies. We put in force prototypes of each schemes and examine the proposed schemes thru each simulations and experiments. The consequences confirm that UK-PST has a better powerful mystery transmission charge than that of IK-PST for situations with each pairwise and organization customers

Security demonstration for the quantum noise-based physical layer using variable keys

With the continued advancement of science and technology, a large amount of important information is carried by optical fibre networks. Therefore, it is imperative to use secure transmission strategies to protect important information. The Y-00 cipher that employs multi-order modulation to prevent eavesdropping on ciphertext is a practical candidate for providing data protection at the physical layer. The Y-00 cipher combines the mathematical encryption of multilevel signalling and quantum noise to provide high security to fibre communications. This paper proposes a quantum noise-based physical layer secure transmission scheme, combining the Y-00 cipher with time-domain spectral phase encoding (TDSPE). The operation methods of the Y-00 cipher in the data encryption and TDSPE in the key distribution are introduced. Then, the system performance is investigated by transmission experiments. The noise-masking phenomenon is demonstrated and quantified. The probability of the eavesdropper guessing cipher text correctly is evaluated. Last, the proposed secure transmission is achieved at 1 Gbps over a 100.2 km optical fibre link, with an intensity level of 1,024 and a noise masking number of 71. The experimental results prove the effective feasibility and high security.

A Secure Transmission Scheme With Energy-Efficient Cooperative Jamming for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) face many security threats since they are deployed in open or even hostile environments. How to ensure the confidentiality of data transmission in the presence of eavesdroppers at unknown locations is an urgent problem. In this article, we first define the security coverage of the network. Then, a physical layer secure transmission scheme, named ST-CJ, which is based on self-assisting nodes with cooperative jamming signals, is proposed. With the allocated jamming transmission power, the proposed scheme takes advantage of the long propagation delays of underwater acoustic (UWA) signals to create collisions at the eavesdropper without affecting the reception of the legitimate user. In the ST-CJ, the transmission schedule and power level of each assisting node are jointly optimized. The goal is to maximize the coverage of the secure area in the network with minimal energy consumption. Both simulation and field test results demonstrate that the proposed scheme obviously reduces the interception ability of eavesdroppers, thus realizing the confidentiality of transmission.

Phased-Array Transmission for Secure Multiuser mmWave Communication via Kronecker Decomposition

This paper proposes a multiuser physical layer secure transmission scheme for millimeter-wave communication. We use Kronecker decomposition to design the common transmit vector to synthesize the desired symbols for multiple legitimate receivers in the proposed scheme. Specifically, the algorithm converts the design of common transmit weight for multiuser into the design of sub-weight vectors having the Vandermonde structure. By using Kronecker decomposition, the sub-weight vectors are decomposed into Kronecker factors and designed. To eliminate the message sending towards the undesired directions while guaranteeing the quality of transmission in the target directions, we separate the Kronecker factors into two parts by using the property of the Kronecker product. The first part (the interference cancellation factor) cancels the interference between legitimate users; the second part (the signal enhancement factor) achieves signal enhancement. For a given information symbol, multiple solutions of transmit weight are obtained. By utilizing this time-varying transmit weight, we realize the secure transmission for multiuser. In addition, the proposed algorithm has no restrictions on modulation, and it also has analytical solutions with low computational complexities. Simulations are presented to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm under various situations.

Secure Transmission for MISO Wiretap Channels Using General Multi-Fractional Fourier Transform: An Approach in Signal Domain

In this paper, we propose a physical layer secure transmission technology based on multi-components for multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems. The scheme mainly realizes physical layer security (PLS) in General Multi-Fractional Fourier Transform (GMFRFT) signal domain, which is different from traditional schemes that rely on the spatial domain. Different GMFRFT components are transmitted by multiple antennas at the transmitter, then the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper receive the superposition of multiple non-orthogonal components. The resulting mutual interference will reduce the signal-to-interference and noise (SINR) at the eavesdropper, but without affecting the legitimate receiver. Because the legitimate receiver receives the non-contaminated GMFRFT signal due to designing multi-components at the transmitter, while the eavesdropper receives the signal whose constraint relations in the GMFRFT signal domain are destroyed, which will cause the energy loss of the information bearing signal. Furthermore, in order to achieve the maximum secrecy capacity, the selection method of GMFRFT transform order is given to adjust the power allocation among GMFRFT components. Compared with the scheme based on artificial noise (AN), the advantages of our scheme are: 1) our scheme can further reduce the capacity of wiretap channel while not requiring the transmitter to use partial power to transmit meaningless artificial noise signals; 2) our scheme outperforms AN-based schemes when the available spatial degrees of freedom are limited. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the secrecy performance of the proposed scheme.

Secure OFDM-PON using three-dimensional selective probabilistic shaping and chaos.

In this paper, a novel three-dimensional selective probabilistic shaping (3D-SPS) and chaos-based multi-stage encryption scheme is proposed for physical layer security enhancement and transmission performance improvement in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based passive optical network (OFDM-PON). On the basis of inherent randomness of symbol sub-sequences with low granularity, the SPS algorithm is performed on the employed cubic constellation within each sub-sequence. Consequently, the probability distribution of inner points significantly increases after the constellation region exchange according to various rules. The generated compressed shaping information (CSI) is encrypted and used as the synchronization head for transmission. Furthermore, 3D scrambling is performed while maintaining the shaping effect. The encrypted signals of 35.3 Gb/s are successfully transmitted over a 25-km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) and a back-to-back (BTB) system. The results show that by selecting the appropriate system parameter, the proposed scheme can provide about 2.4 dB modulation gain on the received optical power at a bit error rate (BER) of 10‒3 compared with a conventional quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal under the same bit rate, and 0.9 dB shaping gain is brought due to the SPS. The encryption method possesses a relatively low computational complexity and sufficient key space of 10120 is introduced to resist exhaustive attack.

Coalitional game based joint beamforming and power control for physical layer security enhancement in cognitive IoT networks

In this paper, the physical layer secure transmission in multi-antenna multi-user cognitive internet-of-thing (IoT) network is investigated, where the coalitional game based joint beamforming and power control scheme is proposed to improve the achievable security of cognitive IoT devices. Specifically, the secondary network consisting of a muti-antenna secondary transmitter, multiple secondary users (SUs), is allowed to access the licensed spectrum resource of primary user (PU) with underlay approach in the presence of an unauthorized eavesdropper. Based on the Merge-Split-Rule, coalitional game is formulated among distributed secondary users with cooperative receive beamforming. Then, an alternative optimization method is used to obtain the optimized beamforming and power allocation schemes by applying the up-downlink duality. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme in improving the SU's secrecy rate and system utility while guaranteeing PU's interference threshold.

A Novel Pilot Spoofing Scheme via Intelligent Reflecting Surface Based on Statistical CSI

Pilot spoofing attack brings new challenges to physical layer secure transmission. However, this method will not work without any knowledge about the pilot sequence and active eavesdropping can be detected by constructing random pilot sequence. Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), with the real-time programmable features for wireless channels, provides new possibilities for effective pilot spoofing. In this paper, the IRS is deployed near the legitimate users and the legitimate signal can always be passively reflected. Then the control strategy is embedded into the communication process under time-division duplex mode to assist eavesdroppers to conduct pilot spoofing. By setting different phase shifts at the IRS during the uplink phase and downlink phase, the channel reciprocity disappears, and thus secure beamforming vector is biased towards the eavesdropper. Furthermore, in order to overhear more information, the average secrecy rate minimization problem based on statistical channel state information is established by carefully designing the phase shifts, which is non-trivial to solve. With alternating optimization and Charnes-Cooper transformation technique, the original problem is transformed into convex form and a near optimal solution is achieved. Finally, simulation results show that our proposed scheme can pose serious secure threat without any energy footprint. What's more, if the IRS is not utilized by the internal users properly, it will bring more threat.

Physical layer security transmission scheme based on artificial noise in cooperative SWIPT NOMA system

Aiming at high energy consumption and information security problem in the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) multi-user wiretap network, we propose a user-aided cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) physical layer security transmission scheme to minimize base station (BS) transmitted power in this paper. In this scheme, the user near from BS is adopted as a friendly relay to improve performance of user far from BS. An energy harvesting (EH) technology-based SWIPT is employed at the near user to collect energy which can be used at cooperative stage. Since eavesdropper in the downlink of NOMA system may use successive interference cancellation (SIC) technology to obtain the secrecy information of receiver, to tackle this problem, artificial noise (AN) is used at the BS to enhance security performance of secrecy information. Moreover, semidefinite relaxation (SDR) method and successive convex approximation (SCA) technique are combined to solve the above non-convex problem. Simulation results show that in comparison with other methods, our method can effectively reduce the transmitted power of the BS on the constraints of a certain level of the secrecy rates of two users.

Hybrid Directional Modulation and Beamforming for Physical Layer Security Improvement Through 4-D Antenna Arrays

The physical layer security techniques have made great progress in the past few years. The essential idea of physical layer transmission is to maximize the randomness of undesired channels. The 4-D antenna arrays formed by introducing time as the fourth controlling degree of freedom can be used to regulate the radiated fields in space, time, and frequency domains simultaneously. Thus, 4-D antenna arrays are an effective carrier for achieving physical layer secure transmission. However, the traditional secure transmission approach based on 4-D antenna arrays always inevitably leads to high sidelobe levels (SLLs) of radiated power or less channel randomness. Aimed at this problem, a novel physical layer secure transmission approach based on 4-D antenna arrays is proposed, which combines the advantages of traditional phased arrays and 4-D arrays. The approach can be used to reduce the SLL of radiated power and improve the channel randomness by optimizing the time sequences and static amplitude weighting. Moreover, the signal distortion caused by time modulation can be compensated in the desired direction by premodulating the transmitted signals. Both the numerical and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

RIS-Aided Physical Layer Security With Full-Duplex Jamming in Underlay D2D Networks

This paper investigates the physical layer security and data transmission for the underlay device-to-device (D2D) networks, and considers a combination of the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) and full-duplex (FD) jamming receiver for the robustness and security enhancements of the system. In the demonstrated spectrum sharing setup, the total power of the D2D networks is conceived to the transmitter and receiver to transmit a private message and emit the artificial noise (AN) signals. To prevent information leakage, a beamforming design is presented for a multi-antenna FD D2D receiver in order to suppress and inject the AN signals in the direction of legitimate users and eavesdropper, respectively. The statistical characterization of end-to-end RIS-assisted wireless channels is presented, and the achievable ergodic secrecy rate of the system is derived in novel approximate expressions. The numerical and simulation results confirm the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed analytical framework. The results demonstrate an optimal selection of the D2D power allocations for different number of reflecting elements in terms of achievable ergodic secrecy rates of the system.

Secure Physical Layer Transmission and Authentication Mechanism Based on Compressed Sensing of Multiple Antenna Arrays

Large‐scale antenna technology has become one of the most promising technologies in 5G because of its ability to effectively improve the spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of the system, as well as its better robustness. In this paper, a large amount of CSI (channel state information) data is characterized by feature mining and law analysis, and a large number of channel characteristics of the physical layer have the advantages of randomness and uniqueness, etc. From the perspective of improving the security of the authentication mechanism and reducing the computational complexity of the authentication mechanism, the physical layer security authentication model is analyzed, and the signal security transmission path, signal authenticity, and channel estimation are used to propose an effective physical layer secure transmission and authentication mechanism, which can be used as a security enhancement and lightweight authentication mechanism for existing authentication mechanisms. In this paper, we analyze the security advantage mechanism of physical layer authentication and prove the security performance boundary; propose an authentication security enhancement method based on the channel feature generation key, a message authentication method based on superimposed tag signals; and propose a method based on private guide frequency for high‐speed service data authentication.