Physical Interference Research Articles

Neighborhood assets, parenting, and child disruptive behavior in low-income black families.

Neighborhood assets, such as access to recreational facilities, density of residence, and safety, were examined in relation to parenting and disruptive behavior in early childhood. Examining data from a low-income Black preschool sample, this study investigated how self-reported neighborhood assets and observed parenting behaviors interactively predict observed disruptive behavior in children. Findings revealed a significant relationship between parenting and child behavior, where parenting with high sensitivity and engagement and parenting with less verbal and physical interference and intrusiveness predicted fewer child disruptive behaviors. There was also a significant interaction between neighborhood assets and parenting behaviors on child disruptive behavior, in which nonoptimal parenting behaviors predicted child disruptive behaviors to a greater degree in neighborhoods with fewer assets. On the other hand, optimal parenting was protective of child outcomes under conditions of fewer assets, above and beyond parenting in neighborhoods with greater assets. Few studies have examined this complex relationship between the neighborhood, parenting, and child disruptive behavior with the use of self-report and observational measures utilized in this study. Furthermore, few studies have examined this relationship within such a high-risk preschool sample. Given these findings, there is a need to improve neighborhoods to better support families. Additionally, clinicians may need to be more attentive to the effects of parenting and neighborhood assets on disruptive behavior in early childhood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Longitudinal validation of the PROMIS-16 in a sample of adults in the United States with back pain.

This longitudinal study evaluates whether the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement and Information System (PROMIS)-16 domains capture average change over time comparable to the PROMIS-29 + 2 and have similar associations with change in overall health rating and two disability indices. Data were collected using Amazon's Mechanical Turk at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months among individuals reporting chronic low back pain. The analytic sample includes respondents who completed baseline and at least one follow-up assessment (N = 1137). We estimated latent growth models for eight PROMIS domains and compared growth parameters between the PROMIS-16 and PROMIS 29 + 2 with a z-test. Additionally, for each domain, random intercept and slope scores for individuals were computed for the PROMIS-29 + 2 and PROMIS-16 and correlated to estimate concordance. Using growth parameters for physical function and pain interference, we predicted average change in the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), the overall health rating, and compared regression coefficients between the PROMIS-16 and PROMIS 29 + 2. All growth models fit the data well. Intercept and slope parameters were statistically comparable (p's > 0.05) in magnitude across all domains between the PROMIS-16 and PROMIS-29 + 2. Correlations between random intercept and slope scores for individuals across domains were high. Additionally, the regression coefficients between slopes for pain interference and physical function and ODI, RMDQ, and overall health rating were statistically comparable (p's > 0.05) between the PROMIS-16 and PROMIS 29 + 2. Results provide between-level support for the longitudinal and predictive validity of the PROMIS-16. Similar average baseline scores and changes over time were observed between PROMIS-16 and PROMIS-29 + 2. Further, average change estimates comparably predicted average change in distal outcomes. This work provides evidence supporting the utility of the PROMIS-16 as a viable, short-profile option for use in clinical and research settings.

Evaluating anchor variables and variation in meaningful score differences for PROMIS® Pediatric measures in children and adolescents living with a rheumatic disease.

Meaningful score differences (MSDs), as defined by recent FDA guidance, can improve the interpretation of outcome measure scores and score changes. Well-accepted methods for estimating MSDs typically rely on external anchor variables, but the applications of these methods are limited in children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases. This project explored multiple candidate anchors for the PROMIS® Pediatric measures of Physical Activity, Fatigue, Pain Interference, and Mobility for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Longitudinal data were extracted from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry. Candidate anchors included patient-reported domain-specific global impressions of change (GIC) along with other parent- and clinician-reported variables. Prior to MSD estimation, the quality of the anchors was assessed using a priori criteria (correlation ≥0.30, n≥10, <10% missing). Anchors meeting criteria were used to calculate MSDs. Among 289 children with JIA and 47 with SLE, the GIC did not meet criteria inhalf of the scenarios. Other candidate anchors performed slightly better. The calculated MSDs varied by external anchor across measures, diagnoses, and direction of change (better vs worse). Many of the candidate external anchoring variables did not meet pre-specified criteria for calculating MSDs. Even for those that did, the choice of anchoring variable had a strong impact on the estimated MSD value and were different from other published values. As in adults, establishing pediatric MSDs requires selection of high-quality anchors, as changes in the variables used as anchors can impact MSD values and any subsequent score interpretations.

Baseline Neck Disability Index and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function Predict Postoperative Return to Normal in Cervical Spine Surgery.

Recent studies assessing the importance of various preoperative factors on postoperative outcomes following spine surgery have uncovered several important variables that influence subjective and objective outcomes following cervical spine surgery, but it is still unclear which patients are most likely to benefit from operative management. The objective of this study was to assess whether preoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be used to predict which patients achieve "normal" levels of pain and function after surgery. This was a prospective cohort study. This study included all adult patients undergoing cervical spine surgery by 1 of 7 senior spine surgeons at our institution between 2016 and 2018. Of the 164 patients who were eligible for 6-month follow-up at the time that study data were collected, 139 had available follow-up data and were included in our analysis. Patients completed the Neck Disability Index (NDI) as well as the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function (PF) and Pain Interference computer adaptive tests preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively. Patients who achieved postoperative patient-acceptable symptom state (PASS) for NDI (≤17) and the normative mean (50) for PROMIS were identified. The relationship between preoperative PROMs and the probability of achieving PASS and the normative mean was assessed. One hundred thirty-nine patients met inclusion criteria with diagnoses of myelopathy (n = 36), radiculopathy (n = 48), and myeloradiculopathy (n = 49). For NDI, a 1-point worsening in the preoperative score resulted in an OR of achieving PASS of 0.96 (P < 0.001) in the overall population. This association held true for patients with radiculopathy (OR 0.96; P = 0.022) but not myelopathy (OR 0.98; P = 0.35). For PROMIS PF, a 1-point improvement in the preoperative score resulted in an OR of achieving the normative mean of 1.10 (P < 0.001). This association held true for patients with radiculopathy (OR 1.14; P = 0.033) but did not reach statistical significance for patients with myelopathy (OR 1.03; P = 0.515). Preoperative PROMs can predict postoperative benefit for patients undergoing cervical spine surgery, with worse baseline function associated with a lower likelihood of attaining PASS for NDI and the normative mean for PROMIS PF, especially for patients with radiculopathy. Baseline symptoms and function, including myelopathy or radiculopathy-dominant symptoms and preoperative PROMs, may predict postoperative outcomes.

In focus: Engaging Black and African American women in oncology supportive care interventions.

54 Background: For individuals navigating cancer, unaddressed psychosocial needs can adversely impact quality of life, treatment adherence, and healthcare expenditures. It is recognized that African American cancer survivors are more likely to experience distress, yet they are underrepresented in studies that evaluate interventions. Mind Over Matter (MOM) is a five-week psychoeducational program aimed at bolstering emotional coping skills. A previous study among predominantly White female-identifying breast cancer survivors revealed improvements from pre to post-MOM for anxiety, depression, and physical symptom severity and interference; no data exists for women who identify as Black and/or African American. This presentation will illustrate the strategies and processes implemented to recruit, consent, and retain Black and African American cancer survivors to test the feasibility and acceptability of MOM. Methods: In forming the research team, the diversity in institutions, experience, racial and cultural identities, and professional perspectives were prioritized. As a result of this process, team members were social workers and psychologists, one was at an HBCU institution, and another was a patient advocate from the Black community who was hired and trained enabling full participation in the research process. To improve access all aspects of the study were available online and the intervention was offered virtually in the evening to support participants' availability. Efforts were made to build relationships with non-profit organizations, then disseminating the study through emails, healthcare systems, and social media. Results: During the 3-month recruitment period, 79 individuals expressed interest in the study via email and the study website. Of these, 40 participants (50.6%) enrolled in the study, surpassing the goal of 27. Half of the enrolled survivors learned about the study through community, medical, and academic organizations, while 20% and 10% were referred via the home health system and social media, respectively. 17.5% were referred from unspecified sources. Conclusions: Through robust team development, strategic community partnerships, using a study design that addressed common barriers (e.g., program hours and delivery method, tech orientation, incentives) and a high touch approach, this study successfully enrolled half of the Black and African American female-identified cancer survivors who expressed interest in this mixed-methods study. Clinical trial information: NCT06168825 .

Основные виды соседских вмешательств по праву Германии и Швейцарии

This article analyses the neighbour law in the law of Germany and Switzerland with the question of borrowing foreign experience in Russia. For this purpose, the classification of neighbours’ interventions is examined in detail. Each type is considered in the context of foreign doctrine and judicial practice, its impact on the balance of interests of neighbours and the state is studied, and a conclusion is made about the necessity or lack thereof for potential borrowing in Russia. Also important terms and principles accompanying neighbourly relations are analysed: materiality of interference, economic feasibility of measures to reduce harmful effects, the principle of good neighbours in the context of cohabitation. The ways of protection of the owner’s rights against them are considered, among which there are negatory action, tort action, challenging the decision of a public authority, compensation action. As a result of the study, the following conclusions are drawn. Not all types of interference in the right of ownership by a neighbour could be relevant in Russia, in particular intangible (affecting the value of real estate without direct interference in use) and aggregate interferences (from several sources and issuers) are applied in Germany with great difficulty (most often only reaching the Supreme Court), but positive (physical) interferences and negative (interfering in use without direct physical interference), taking into account the text of the draft reform of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (where they are indirectly taken into account) would be important in the future and could find a place in the legal system of the Russian Federation.

Outcomes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Cavovarus Surgical Reconstruction.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a progressive inherited neurologic disorder causing muscle weakness and lower extremity deformity. The goal of foot and ankle surgical treatment is to create a stable, plantigrade foot, with the potential elimination of brace-wear for ambulation. The aim of this study was to report baseline CMT patient function and subsequent outcome improvement from surgical treatment, as determined by PROMIS physical function (PF), pain interference (PI), and mental health/depression (D) scores. Retrospective data were collected on consecutive CMT patients older than 18 years receiving surgical treatment by a single surgeon from 2018 to 2022 with minimum 1-year follow-up. Each patient prospectively completed PROMIS preoperatively and postoperatively after all planned surgical treatment was completed. Prospective clinical and radiographic data were collected to describe complications and correlation to outcome. Ninety-five feet in 64 patients older than 18 years were included for analysis. Mean follow-up was 21 months (range, 12-31) with 100% minimum 1-year follow-up. CMT patients had worse preoperative and baseline scores in all domains except PROMIS-D compared with population normal PROMIS scores. Significant improvements were identified in all PROMIS domains following surgical treatment. The mean PROMIS-PF score increased (40 to 45, delta = 4.9, P < .001), the mean PROMIS-PI score decreased (59 to 52, delta = 7.1, P < .001), and the mean PROMIS-D score decreased (50 to 47, delta = 3.0, P = .004). Subgroup analysis was performed for patients with severe radiographic deformity and those treated with arthrodesis in an attempt to demonstrate the impact of disease severity on outcome. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that arthrodesis led to worse overall PROMIS-PF outcome with the same change score. Surgical treatment for CMT patients provides significant clinical improvement in all measured outcome domains. CMT patients can be restored to normal population physical function and pain interference outcome scores. Patients with more severe deformity have similar improvement from surgical treatment, although their ultimate functional improvement is blunted due to a lower baseline.

Disparities in Surgical Intervention and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Racial/Ethnic Groups With Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis.

Racial and socioeconomic disparities in spine surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis persist in the United States, potentially contributing to unequal health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes. This is important as lumbar spondylolisthesis is one of the most common causes of surgical low back pain, and low back pain is the largest disabler of individuals worldwide. Our objective was to assess the relationship between race, socioeconomic factors, treatment utilization, and outcomes in patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis. This cohort study analyzed prospectively collected data from 9941 patients diagnosed with lumbar spondylolisthesis between 2015 and 2020 at 5 academic hospitals. Exposures were race, socioeconomic status, health coverage, and HRQoL measures. Main outcomes and measures included treatment utilization rates between racial groups and the association between race and treatment outcomes using logistic regression, adjusting for patient characteristics, socioeconomic status, health coverage, and HRQoL measures. Of the 9941 patients included (mean [SD] age, 67.37 [12.40] years; 63% female; 1101 [11.1%] Black, Indigenous, and People of Color [BIPOC]), BIPOC patients were significantly less likely to use surgery than White patients (odds ratio [OR] = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.62-0.75). Furthermore, BIPOC race was associated with significantly lower odds of reaching the minimum clinically important difference for physical function (OR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60; 0.91) and pain interference (OR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.97). Medicaid beneficiaries were significantly less likely (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46-0.92) to reach a clinically important improvement in HRQoL when accounting for race. This study found that BIPOC patients were less likely to use spine surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis despite reporting higher pain interference, suggesting an association between race and surgical utilization. These disparities may contribute to unequal HRQoL outcomes for patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis and warrant further investigation to address and reduce treatment disparities.

Patients Undergoing Hip Arthroscopy With Concomitant Periacetabular Osteotomy Demonstrate Clinically Meaningful Improvement at 2 Years Using the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System and International Hip Outcome Tool 12

PurposeTo report the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) values using the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and International Hip Outcome Tool 12 (iHOT-12) in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy (HA) with concomitant periacetabular osteotomy (PAO), HA+PAO for acetabular dysplasia and intra-articular pathology with minimum 2-year follow up. MethodsData from patients who underwent HA+PAO was prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients who had a diagnosis of hip dysplasia or hip instability and had minimum 2-year PROMs follow up. Data was collected electronically preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months, 1year, and 2 years. Outcome measures analyzed were the iHOT -12 and PROMIS computer adaptive tests (CAT): Physical Function (PF), Pain Interference (PI), and Global Physical Health (GPH). MCID and SCB were calculated for these measures. Results106 patients were included in the study with an average age of 23.5 ± 6.6, an average body mass index (BMI) of 24.3, and the majority being female (94%). The values for MCID were calculated to be 40.9, 40.7, 60.2, and 43.5 and the percentage achieving MCID at 2 years was 82.6%, 82.9%, 79.6%, and 80.1% for the iHOT-12, PROMIS-PF, PROMIS-PI, and PROMIS-GPH respectively. The 1 year and 2-year SCB scores for ≥ 80% satisfaction and percent achieving were as follows respectively: iHOT-12 (71.8 (60.3%), 61.9 (65.1%)); PROMIS-PF (47.1 (64.2%), 47.2 (71.7%)); PROMIS-PI (50.6 (48.1%), 52.3 (49.1%)); PROMIS-GPH (49.3 (54.7%), 49.3 (55.7%)). The 1 year and 2 year SCB scores for 100% satisfaction and percent achieving were as follows respectively: iHOT-12 (80.2 (44.3%), 81.3 (47.2%)); PROMIS-PF (50.7 (46.2%), 50.3 (56.6%)); PROMIS-PI (52.4 (34.9%), 52.4 (49.1%)); PROMIS-GPH (52.5 (36.8%), 49.3 (55.7%)). ConclusionThis study reports values for MCID and SCB for PROMIS and iHOT-12 at 2-year follow up in patients undergoing HA+PAO for hip dysplasia or instability. The percentage of patients achieving MCID ranged from 79.6%-82.9% at 2-year follow-up. In addition, the percentage of patients achieving SCB at 2-year follow up for ≥ 80% satisfaction ranged from 49.1%-71.2% and the percentage for 100% satisfaction ranged from 49.1%-56.6%

The association between physical activity and memory interference.

Habitual physical activity has been shown to improve memory performance, yet investigations into its effects concerning memory interference remain limited. Additionally, minimal research has evaluated the association between habitual physical activity behaviors occurring in different contexts (e.g., walking, basketball, swimming) and memory. Based on these gaps in the literature, the present set of six experiments evaluated the association between contextually-different physical activity behaviors (e.g., individual physical activities, physical activities performed in social settings) and memory interference among young adult samples from America and Germany. Across six experiments, we reliably demonstrated that Germans exhibited greater memory performance than Americans. We also reliably demonstrated that contextually-different physical activities are not associated with memory performance or attenuated memory interference.

P232. Change in PROMIS physical function and pain interference associated with clinically meaningful improvement in ODI, back pain, leg pain, and patient satisfaction after spine surgery

P232. Change in PROMIS physical function and pain interference associated with clinically meaningful improvement in ODI, back pain, leg pain, and patient satisfaction after spine surgery

The CONVINCE randomized trial found positive effects on quality of life for patients with chronic kidney disease treated with hemodiafiltration

In the CONVINCE trial, the primary analysis demonstrated a survival benefit for patients receiving high-dose hemodiafiltration (HDF) as compared with high-flux hemodialysis (HD). A secondary objective was to evaluate effects on health-related quality of life (HRQoL); assessed in eight domains (physical function, cognitive function, fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, pain interference, social participation) applying instruments from the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) before randomization and every three months thereafter. In total 1360 adults with dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease, eligible to receive high-flux HDF (23 liters or more), were randomized (1:1); 84% response rate to all questionnaires. Both groups reported a continuous deterioration in all HRQoL domains. Overall, raw score changes from baseline were more favorable in the HDF group, resulting in a significant omnibus test after a median observation period of 30 months. Most relevant single raw score differences were reported for cognitive function. Patients receiving HDF reported a decline of -0.95 units (95% confidence interval - 2.23 to +0.34) whereas HD treated patients declined by -3.90 units (-5.28 to - 2.52). A joint model, adjusted for mortality differences, utilizing all quarterly assessments, identified a significantly slower HRQoL decline in physical function, cognitive function, pain interference, and social participation for the HDF group. Their physical health summary score declined -0.46 units/year slower compared to the HD group. Thus, the CONVINCE trial showed a beneficial effect of high-dose hemodiafiltration for survival as well as a moderate positive effect on patients’ quality of life, most pronounced with respect to their cognitive function.

A survey of vision-based condition monitoring methods using deep learning: A synthetic fiber rope perspective

Computer vision technology has attracted significant interest in the condition monitoring (CM) community due to its potential to automate visual inspection and analysis of structures and components. By facilitating the processing and interpretation of visual information, including images and video data, computer vision holds promise for CM applications. However, it is essential to distinguish computer vision from non-contact CM techniques regarding their underlying principles and methods. While computer vision enables non-contact, remote monitoring, and condition assessment with minimal disruption to daily operations, it is distinct from non-contact CM techniques, which utilize various sensors to assess the condition of assets without physical contact or interference. Building upon the potential of computer vision technology, this survey paper presents a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art CM methods based on computer vision and deep learning (DL) techniques, focusing on their application in monitoring synthetic fiber ropes (SFRs). SFRs are a viable alternative to steel wire ropes for underwater equipment and cranes that handle heavy loads. This is due to their high resistance to frictional wear, high tensile strength, lightweight, and flexibility. New materials, technologies, and processes for CM are being developed to meet the growing demand for SFRs. The paper explores ongoing research in applications that monitor the wear and aging of materials, as well as estimate their remaining useful life. The survey briefly discusses the traditional non-destructive testing and machine learning (ML) methods for CM applications. More importantly, DL-based methods, including supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, and self-supervised methods, are discussed in detail, together with the use of deep generative models and the recently developed diffusion models in the generation of synthetic datasets. Furthermore, the paper addresses the difficulties present in DL-based CM applications, including the scarcity of labeled data and the complexity and variety of the models used. The article ends by discussing the benefits of employing DL-based visual methods to understand SFR degradation processes, particularly in monitoring and maintenance.

Comparing the Clinical Outcomes of Percutaneous Cheilectomy to Open Cheilectomy With Moberg Osteotomy for the Treatment of Hallux Rigidus.

Both an open cheilectomy with a Moberg osteotomy and percutaneous cheilectomy have been successfully used to treat hallux rigidus and preserve motion.However, there have been no studies that have compared these 2 procedures using validated patient-reported outcomes such as the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System. A retrospective review of hallux rigidus patients between January 2016 and July 2021 collected 48 percutaneous cheilectomy (PC) patients and 71 open cheilectomy with Moberg (OCM) patients. Preoperative and minimum 1-year postoperative PROMIS scores were collected. The OCM and PC cohorts did not have significant differences in their postoperative PROMIS scores. Both cohorts had modest but significant improvements postoperatively in the physical function, pain interference, and pain intensity domains. The OCM group had a larger degree of improvement in physical function, pain interference, and pain intensity (P = .015, .011, .001, respectively). No significant difference was identified in the reoperation rate. Patients undergoing an OCM had worse preoperative PROMIS scores and a modestly greater change in patient-reported outcomes than patients undergoing a PC. Level III, retrospective review.

Comparison of Minimally Invasive Chevron Akin and Open Lapidus Surgery in Older Patients at a Minimum 1-Year Follow-Up.

Hallux valgus deformity affects more than 35% of people aged ≥65 years. Surgical correction in this population can be more complicated because of poor bone quality, worse deformity, and postoperative recovery challenges. The purpose of this study was to compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes of patients aged ≥65 years who underwent either open Lapidus or minimally invasive chevron Akin osteotomy for bunion correction. A retrospective review identified 62 patients aged ≥65 years who were treated surgically for hallux valgus with at least 1-year postoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores (physical function and pain interference). Preoperative and at least 6-month postoperative radiographs were measured for the hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle. PROMIS scores were obtained preoperatively and at 1 and/or 2 years postoperatively. Differences in demographic, clinical, and radiographic outcomes were assessed using the Mann Whitney U test and P values were adjusted for a false discovery rate of 5%. There was no difference between the MIS and open cohorts in pre- or postoperative radiographic measurements or clinical outcomes at any time point. At 1 year postoperatively, both groups had statistically significant improvements in the PROMIS pain interference domain but only the MIS group had a statistically significant improvement in the PROMIS physical function domain. Clinical significance was equivocal. At 2 years postoperatively, there were clinically and statistically significant improvements in the PROMIS pain interference and physical function domains for the open and MIS groups. Patients in both surgical groups had improvement in radiographic measurements and 2-year PROMIS scores, although there was no clinical or statistical difference found between groups. MIS and open surgical techniques appear to be safe and effective in correcting hallux valgus in older patients; however, patients may need to be counseled that maximum improvement after surgery may take more than 1 year. Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Correlation of Clinical Outcomes and Relative Position of the First Metatarsal After the Modified Lapidus Procedure.

Hallux valgus is a complex 3-dimensional deformity, and the modified Lapidus is a commonly used procedure to correct moderate to severe cases. Shortening and elevation of the first ray can occur with this procedure, which may result in increased pressure on the lesser metatarsal heads. However, there is currently no consensus regarding an accepted length and elevation of the first ray following the modified Lapidus. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the position of the first ray on patient-reported outcome measures. This retrospective study identified 68 patients (72 feet) who underwent the modified Lapidus bunionectomy over a 4-year period at a single institution with a median follow-up of 24 months (range, 11-35.6 months). Patients were included if they were over 18 years of age, had pre- and postoperative weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) scans, and preoperative and minimum 1-year postoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores. PROMIS scores from 6 domains including physical function, pain interference, pain intensity, global physical health, global mental health, and depression were evaluated and compared pre- and postoperatively. Radiographic parameters were measured and compared before and after surgery. Paired t tests were used to evaluate the significance of pre- to postoperative changes. Differences between cohorts were compared using Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables or Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Correlation between radiographic measurements and patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the Spearman rank rho estimate and visualized with scatterplots with a linear regression. PROMIS physical function, pain interference, pain intensity, and global physical health improved significantly following the modified Lapidus (all P < .001); however, scores did not show any significant correlation with shortening of the first ray up to a maximum shortening of 4.8 mm. The length of the first metatarsal relative to the second decreased by an average of 2.7 mm following the procedure when measured on WBCT (P < .001), and 2.6 mm when measured on plain radiographs (P < .001). No significant elevation of the first ray was observed postoperatively. This study revealed that the Lapidus bunionectomy resulted in significantly improved pain and physical function at short-term follow-up. The amount of first ray shortening and elevation that occurred in this cohort did not adversely affect patient-reported outcomes.

Tunable colors from responsive 2D materials

AbstractOne of the long‐sought‐after goals in responsive material development is to generate and tune colors for advanced and emerging applications such as dynamic displays, light‐emitting diodes, lasers, smart windows, chromic fabrics, high‐security encryption, and visual sensors. Benefiting from the atomically thin nature as well as strong optical interaction, two‐dimensional (2D) materials can serve as color‐generating centers for both chemical pigment colors and physical interference colors in solution, gels, films, and matrix interface systems, to offer new promises for color science and applications. Concerning color tunability, 2D material systems have been demonstrated as one of the ideal responsive materials to achieve the desired goals, including the change of composition, layer thickness, strain, magic angle, and thermally/photically/chemically responsive, magnetically‐responsive, electrically‐responsive, mechanically‐responsive. This makes it an attractive prospect for device applications such as optoelectronics, displays, and nanomedicine. However, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive review has been reported specifically on color‐centered aspects of 2D materials. In this review, we highlight experimental approaches and related applications for tuning pigment colors, reflective structural colors, and transmissive interference colors, and we refine the challenges and propose opportunities in future studies for the further development of color science in the 2D material system. Eventually, it is anticipated that this review will serve as a resource and source of inspiration for scientists, as well as open up new avenues for the advancement of color science and related fields in responsive 2D material systems.

Deep Peroneal Neurectomy for Midfoot Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review, Surgical Technique, and Case Series

Patients with painful midfoot arthritis unsuccessfully treated with conservative measures have been historically left with the surgical option of midfoot arthrodesis as a definitive treatment. In recent years, excision of the deep peroneal nerve has been offered as a potential alternative. Existing literature on the outcomes of patients undergoing deep peroneal neurectomy for the treatment of midfoot arthritis is limited and piecemeal. In this comprehensive review, technique guide, and retrospective case series, we consolidate the evidence around deep peroneal neurectomy for midfoot arthritis, review operative technique, and determine the outcomes of 4 patients who underwent deep peroneal neurectomy from February 2021 to December 2022 using Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function and Pain Interference scores. Four original articles from National Center for Biotechnology Information Medline, published through May 2023, were included. The outcomes of patients treated with deep peroneal neurectomy for midfoot arthritis are discussed. In our case series, the average amount of time between surgery and final postoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System scores was 289 days. The average preoperative physical function score was 36.8. Three patients showed a minimal clinically important difference in physical function; postoperative average was 41.3. Three patients had a minimally clinical important reduction in pain levels (average preoperative pain interference score was 65.8; average postoperative pain interference score was 59.3). One patient underwent a revision neurectomy for inadequate pain relief, and another sought additional treatment for inadequate pain relief. All patients returned to walking in a shoe within 1 month. The outcomes of our case series are similar to those of previously published case series, which demonstrate satisfactory results and acceptable complication rates. For patients with symptomatic midfoot arthritis, deep peroneal neurectomy can be an effective treatment option to reduce pain and improve physical function while requiring minimal postoperative recovery time.

Cognitive-Behavioral-Based Physical Therapy for Improving Recovery After a Traumatic Lower-Extremity Injury: The Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Lower-extremity injuries can result in severe impairment and substantial years lived with a disability. Persistent pain and psychological distress are risk factors for poor long-term outcomes and negatively influence the recovery process following a traumatic injury. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions have the potential to address these risk factors and subsequently improve outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral-based physical therapy (CBPT) program on physical function, pain, and general health at 12 months after hospital discharge following lower-extremity trauma. The CBPT program was hypothesized to improve outcomes compared with an education program. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 325 patients who were 18 to 60 years of age and had at least 1 acute orthopaedic injury to the lower extremity or to the pelvis or acetabulum requiring operative fixation. Patients were recruited from 6 Level-I trauma centers and were screened and randomized to the CBPT program or the education program early after hospital discharge. The primary outcome was the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function (PF) scale. The secondary outcomes were objective physical function tests (4-square step test, timed stair ascent test, sit-to-stand test, and self-selected walking speed test), PROMIS Pain Intensity and Pain Interference, and the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey. Treatment effects were calculated using targeted maximum likelihood estimation, a robust analytical approach appropriate for causal inference with longitudinal data. The mean treatment effect on the 12-month baseline change in PROMIS PF was 0.94 (95% confidence interval, -0.68 to 2.64; p = 0.23). There were also no observed differences in secondary outcomes between the intervention group and the control group. The telephone-delivered CBPT did not appear to yield any benefits for patients with traumatic lower-extremity injuries in terms of physical function, pain intensity, pain interference, or general health. Improvements were observed in both groups, which questions the utility of telephone-delivered cognitive-behavioral strategies over educational programs. Therapeutic Level I . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

The robot saw it coming: physical human interference, deservingness, and self-efficacy in service robot failures

ABSTRACT Robotic services’ popularity continues to increase due to technological advancements, labour shortages, and global crises. Yet, while providing these services, robots are subject to occasional physical interruption by humans to them, thus restricting their functioning and, at times, leading to failure. To investigate this issue, the present study examined the role of third-party human interference in service robot failures and its effects on the observers’ attitudes towards and willingness to engage with the robot. We manipulated human interference resulting in different robotic service failures in two online scenario-based experiments. The results revealed that individuals held less favourable attitudes towards a failed service robot without (vs. with) physical human interference, and they were less willing to engage with the failed service robot without (vs. with) physical human interference. The perceived deservingness of the robot accounted for this effect, moderated by the person’s self-efficacy regarding robots. The results are discussed with their implications for not only the theory of service failures and human-service robot interactions but also for robotic service providers.