Physical Indicators Research Articles

Associations of Combined Physical Activity and Body Mass Index with Metabolic Syndrome in American Adults: From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017-2020.

The purpose of this study is to examine the combined associations of physical activity and body mass index with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a population-based sample of American adults. Cross-sectional study. Data from the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total of 2945 American adults who participated in the NHANES 2017-2020. Participants' physical activity levels were categorized based on the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Metabolic syndrome was determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the various groups was analyzed using binary logistic regression to observe differences in the associated risks of developing metabolic syndrome. An increase in body mass index and a decrease in physical activity are both risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Statistical results show that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the obese and sedentary group is 22.31 times higher than that in the normal weight and active group (P = 0.000). A combination of at least 600 MET-minutes of physical activity per week and a lower body mass index is significantly associated with the lowest prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

Secular Trends in the Median Age at Menarche and Spermarche Among Chinese Children From 2000 to 2019 and Analysis of Physical Examination Indicators Factor.

This research aimed to understand the long-term trends in the age of menarche among girls and spermarche among boys, and to analyze the factors that may influence the onset of menarche and first spermarche. The study was based on data from 49 566 students in Henan Province collected from the Chinese National Surveys on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH) conducted between 2000 and 2019. Median age at menarche and spermarche was estimated by probit analysis. t-Tests were used to analyze the influence of menarche and first spermarche on physical examination indexes of adolescent children, and the chi-squared test was used to compare whether the differences in physical activity were statistically significant. The age at menarche has decreased from 12.33 years in 2000 to 12.00 years in 2019, and the age at first spermarche has decreased from 14.01 years in 2000 to 13.99 years in 2019. The age at first spermarche in urban boys (13.61 years in 2000; 12.94 years in 2014) was consistently younger than that in rural boys (14.43 years in 2000; aged 13.08 in 2014), except in 2019. The age of menarche in urban girls (12.23 years in 2000; 11.89 years in 2019) was always earlier than that in rural girls (12.44 years in 2000; 12.05 years in 2019). The age at menarche and spermarche for children in Henan Province generally showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2019. The status of BMI is significantly associated with the early onset of puberty in children.

Model-informed precision dosing of quetiapine in bipolar affective disorder patients: initial dose recommendation.

Bipolar affective disorder (BAD) is a mood disorder with high morbidity and mortality. Quetiapine can be used in the treatment of patients with BAD; however, the precise administration regimen of quetiapine in these patients is still unknown. In this study, a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model of quetiapine in patients with BAD was constructed based on model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) and real-world clinical data and an optimal initial dose of quetiapine in these patients was recommended. A total of 99 patients with BAD treated with quetiapine were included. At the same time, the quetiapine concentrations, the physical and chemical indices of the patients, and the drug combination information were collected. A quetiapine PPK model for patients with BAD was then constructed and an initial dose based on Monte Carlo simulation was recommended. In the final model of quetiapine for patients with BAD, the apparent oral clearance (CL/F) and the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) were 76.1 L/h and 530 L, respectively. For patients with BAD weighing 40-66 kg, the initial dose recommendation was 16 mg kg-1 day-1, the probability of reaching the therapeutic window was 78.8%-82.2%, and the probability of exceeding the upper limit of the therapeutic window was 5.2%-10.3%. For patients with BAD weighing 66-120 kg, the initial dose recommendation was 12 mg kg-1 day-1, the probability of reaching the therapeutic window was 81.5%-85.5%, and the probability of exceeding the upper limit of the therapeutic window was 3.6%-8.1%. The present study, for the first time, recommended an initial dose of quetiapine in patients with BAD based on MIPD and real-world data, providing an individualized reference for the administration of quetiapine in these patients.

Influence of Fitness Exercise Recommendations on College Athletes' Mental Health

At present, there are problems in teaching and teachers in colleges and universities, and college physical education and health care students do not get effective exercise, and their physical fitness indexes have decreased and mental health problems have appeared. In this paper, the effect of fitness exercise prescription on the mental health of college physical education students is the research goal, and the purpose and requirements of exercise for the students are analyzed by using questionnaires and experimental research. The effect of different exercise prescriptions on the mental health of physical education and health care students was studied. The results showed that fitness exercise prescriptions had positive effects on the mental health, physical health and hobbies of college physical education and health care students. This study provides theoretical data to support the influence of fitness exercise prescription on the mental health of college physical education and health care students.

Deep learning-based low count whole-body positron emission tomography denoising incorporating computed tomography priors.

Deep-learning-based denoising improves image quality and quantification accuracy for low count (LC) positron emission tomography (PET). Conventional deep-learning-based denoising methods only require single LC PET image input. This study aims to propose a deep-learning-based LC PET denoising method incorporating computed tomography (CT) priors to further reduce the dose level. Fifty patients who underwent their routine whole-body 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT scans in March 2022 were retrospectively and non-consecutively recruited. For full count (FC) PET, patients were injected with 3.7 MBq/kg FDG and scanned for 5 bed positions with 2 min/bed. LC PET of 1/10 (LC-10) and 1/20 (LC-20) count levels of FC PET were obtained by randomly down-sampling the FC list mode data, which were then paired with FC PET for training U-Net (U-Net-1) and cGAN (cGAN-1). Networks incorporated CT images as input (U-Net-2 and cGAN-2) were also implemented. Quantitative analysis of physical and clinical indices was performed and statistically assessed with Wilcoxon sign-rank test with Bonferroni correction. Mean square error and structural similarity index were the best for cGAN-2, followed by U-Net-2, cGAN-1 and U-Net-1. The errors of mean standardized uptake value (SUV) and maximum SUV were lowest for cGAN-2, followed by cGAN-1, U-Net-2 and U-Net-1. For cGAN-2, image quality and lesion detectability scores were 3.71±0.94 and 4.25±0.83 for LC-10, 3.57±0.79 and 3.61±1.21 for LC-20, while they were 3.49±0.92 and 4.42±0.08 for FC. Notably, some small lesions were "masked out" on cGAN/U-Net-1 but can be retrieved on cGAN/U-Net-2 denoised PET for LC-20. Deep-learning-based LC PET denoising incorporating CT priors is more effective than conventional deep-learning-based denoising with single LC PET input, especially at lower dose levels.

Physical properties and compression index of embankment soil as construction material

Abstract Soil’s physical properties are characterized by its shape, size, color, and odor. The compression index, a key parameter of soil compressibility, is used to determine the extent of consolidation settlement. This study serves as preliminary research into alternative embankment materials for construction. The embankment soil samples were collected from ten locations in Aceh Besar district. The research aims to assess the quality of embankment soils and predict potential land subsidence, contributing to sustainable development in Aceh Province. This is particularly important because the fill soils in this area are crucial as the primary source for various development projects in Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh. The results indicate that clayey soils require careful consideration as construction materials due to their higher potential for subsidence. Conversely, silty sand or clayey soils are more suitable for construction because of their lower compressibility.

Crop Rotation of Sainfoin on the Longzhong Loess Plateau Has a Positive Effect on Enhancing Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential

The impact of various crop rotation systems on the potential for soil carbon sequestration and stoichiometric characteristics is not yet fully understood, which poses challenges for effective land management and utilization. This study selected three typical crop rotation methods in the Longzhong Loess Plateau: maize–alfalfa rotation (MA), maize–sainfoin rotation (MS), and maize–wheat rotation (MW). Soil physical and chemical indices were measured, and the soil carbon density and soil stoichiometry were calculated and analyzed. The results show that the soil C/N of the surface soils was low across the rotation methods, indicating a rapid rate of organic matter decomposition and mineralization, which may hinder soil nutrient accumulation. The soil N/P was found to be lower than the national average of 8.0, indicating that nitrogen is a limited nutrient in the soil under the three crop rotation systems in this region. The soil total nitrogen content can be increased by rotation with leguminous forage. Sainfoin rotation can enhance the soil total carbon and organic carbon content, thereby improving the soil’s carbon sequestration potential. The research findings provide a theoretical foundation for the selection of appropriate rotation methods and the maintenance of the stability of agricultural ecosystems in semi-arid regions.

Integrating Remote Photoplethysmography and Machine Learning on Multimodal Dataset for Noninvasive Heart Rate Monitoring.

Non-contact heart monitoring is crucial in advancing telemedicine, fitness tracking, and mass screening. Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) is a non-contact technique to obtain information about heart pulse by analyzing the changes in the light intensity reflected or absorbed by the skin during the blood circulation cycle. However, this technique is sensitive to environmental lightning and different skin pigmentation, resulting in unreliable results. This research presents a multimodal approach to non-contact heart rate estimation by combining facial video and physical attributes, including age, gender, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI). For this purpose, we collected local datasets from 60 individuals containing a 1 min facial video and physical attributes such as age, gender, weight, and height, and we derived the BMI variable from the weight and height. We compare the performance of two machine learning models, support vector regression (SVR) and random forest regression on the multimodal dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that incorporating a multimodal approach enhances model performance, with the random forest model achieving superior results, yielding a mean absolute error (MAE) of 3.057 bpm, a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 10.532 bpm, and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 4.2% that outperforms the state-of-the-art rPPG methods. These findings highlight the potential for interpretable, non-contact, real-time heart rate measurement systems to contribute effectively to applications in telemedicine and mass screening.

A deep learning method for the recovery of standard-dose imaging quality from ultra-low-dose PET on wavelet domain.

Recent development in positron emission tomography (PET) dramatically increased the effective sensitivity by increasing the geometric coverage leading to total-body PET imaging. This encouraging breakthrough brings the hope of ultra-low dose PET imaging equivalent to transatlantic flight with the assistance of deep learning (DL)-based methods. However, conventional DL approaches face limitations in addressing the heterogeneous domain of PET imaging. This study aims to develop a wavelet-based DL method capable of restoring high-quality imaging from ultra-low-dose PET scans. In contrast to conventional DL techniques that denoise images in the spatial domain, we introduce WaveNet, a novel approach that inputs wavelet-decomposed frequency components of PET imaging to perform denoising in the frequency domain. A dataset comprising total-body 18F -FDG PET images of 1447, acquired using total-body PET scanners including Biograph Vision Quadra (Siemens Healthineers) and uEXPLORER (United Imaging) in Bern and Shanghai, was utilized for developing and testing the proposed method. The quality of enhanced images was assessed using a customized scoring system, which incorporated weighted global physical metrics and local indices. Our proposed WaveNet consistently outperforms the baseline UNet model across all levels of dose reduction factors (DRF), with greater improvements observed as image quality decreases. Statistical analysis (p < 0.05) and visual inspection validated the superiority of WaveNet. Moreover, WaveNet demonstrated superior generalizability when applied to two cross-scanner datasets (p < 0.05). WaveNet developed with total-body PET scanners may offer a computational-friendly and robust approach to recover image quality from ultra-low-dose PET imaging. Its adoption may enhance the reliability and clinical acceptance of DL-based dose reduction techniques.

Evaluating the evening carbohydrate dilemma: the effect of within-the-day carbohydrate periodization on body composition and physical fitness.

To assess the effects of carbohydrate timing and type on body composition and physical fitness. Forty-two healthy, trained male volunteers underwent a four-week intervention, randomly divided into three groups: (i) Sleep Low-No Carbohydrates (SL-NCHO): consuming all carbohydrate intake at regular intervals prior to evening training, (ii) Sleep High-Low Glycemic Index (SH-LGI), and (iii) Sleep High-High Glycemic Index (SH-HGI). In both SH-LGI and SH-HGI, carbohydrates were distributed throughout the day, both pre-(60% of total intake) and post-evening training (40% of total intake). The SH-LGI and SH-HGI groups diverged in evening carbohydrate quality, featuring LGI and HGI foods, respectively. All participants performed a standardized exercise program combining resistance exercise and high-intensity interval training. Body composition was assessed using skinfold measurements and bioelectrical impendence analysis. Physical fitness was assessed by measuring VO2max, Visual Reaction Time (VRT), Countermovement Jump (CMJ), and 1-repetition maximum (1RM) in hack squat, chest press, shoulder press, and lat-pulldown exercises. There was a significant time-effect on both body composition and physical fitness indices. Bodyfat percentage decreased by an average of 1.5% (p < 0.001), fat-mass by 1.4kg (p < 0.001) and fat-free mass increased by 0.9kg (p = 0.006). A time-effect was also observed in VO2max, CMJ, 1RM testing, and VRT (all p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among interventions. A balanced dietary plan with sufficient nutrient and energy intake promotes body composition optimization and physical fitness, independently of carbohydrate type or timing. This study points towards implementing flexible nutrition interventions, emphasizing the potential of tailored dietary strategies to optimize health and physical fitness. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05464342.

Study on the influence of levels of physical activity and socio-economic conditions on body mass index of adolescents.

We explored the relationship between adolescent physical activity levels, socio-economic conditions and body mass index (BMI) in order to gain a deeper understanding of the relevant factors affecting adolescent obesity. A stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey of middle school students in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone. Multiple linear and logistic regression analysis methods were used to statistically analyse the data obtained. The level of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) not only significantly reduces the incidence of obesity in adolescents, it also has a positive effect on avoiding underweight in adolescents. The impact of a father's BMI on a son's weight is higher than that of a daughter, while the impact of a mother's BMI on a child's weight is the opposite. High monthly income has a positive effect on reducing the BMI of male and female adolescents, but full-time working mothers actually increase the risk of obesity in their children. Teenagers who have exercise habits or view exercise as a form of enjoyment have a significantly reduced risk of obesity. The level of MVPA and exercise habits are important factors in inhibiting the development of obesity in adolescent students.

Transtheoretical Model-based Interventions are Effective in Promoting Healthy Behaviors Related to Modifiable Risk Factors of Noncommunicable Diseases: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart diseases, type II diabetes mellitus, cancers, and stroke represent significant public health challenges globally. Modifiable risk factors, including insufficient physical activity (PA), overweight or obesity, and smoking, contribute significantly to the prevalence of these diseases. The transtheoretical model (TTM) offers a structured approach to behavior change, identifying stages of readiness and change processes. This systematic review (SR) aims to evaluate the effectiveness of TTM-based interventions in promoting healthy behaviors to mitigate these risk factors. Methods: This systematic review addresses the PICO question: In adults aged 18 years and older with modifiable risk behaviors related to NCDs, how effective are TTM-based interventions compared to standard care in increasing physical activity levels (PAL), reducing weight or body mass index, improving dietary habits, and promoting smoking cessation (SC)? A comprehensive search of predetermined databases was conducted using nine research strings, adhering to strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. A six-stage process was employed to select studies for inclusion, followed by data extraction and narrative synthesis to identify relevant patterns, trends, and associations. Results: Of the 259 articles retrieved, eight met the inclusion criteria. Baseline assessments determined participants’ readiness for change. TTM-based interventions included feedback or counseling sessions, feedback materials, and reports delivered in-person, online, and by telephone. Follow-up durations varied from 2 weeks to 2 years. Five out of six studies supported the effectiveness of TTM-based interventions in enhancing PAL. Four out of five studies demonstrated their efficacy in weight management and improving dietary habits. However, only two out of five studies confirmed their effectiveness in SC. Discussion: The findings indicate that TTM-based interventions are promising for improving PAL and, to a lesser extent, for managing weight and promoting healthy dietary behaviors. The limited effectiveness observed in SC interventions suggest a need for further research and possibly tailored strategies within this context. Conclusion: TTM-based interventions effectively promote PA and weight management, with moderate success in improving dietary habits. However, their effectiveness in SC remains inconclusive, highlighting the necessity for further investigation and potential refinement of intervention strategies.

Causal Relationship Between Physical Activity and Body Weight: A Maximum Likelihood Treatment Effect Model Approach Using Australian Longitudinal Data.

More than two-thirds of Australians are overweight. Existing research based on non-experimental data has primarily established associations, rather than causal inferences, between physical activity (PA) and body mass index (BMI). PA and BMI likely affect each other, a reciprocal interplay most studies overlook. We investigate the causal relationship between PA and BMI using a quasi-experimental approach to overcome reverse causality bias. A maximum likelihood treatment effect model, a quasi-experimental method, was employed. Data was from an observational longitudinal dataset of 130,397 observations with 19,677 unique individuals aged 15-64 (52% are females) from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey 2006-2019. We first tested for the reverse relationships (whereby overweight limits PA) before estimating the effect of PA on BMI. The first-stage modelling results showed that overweight and obese adults are less likely to engage in PA, as are those resource constrained (time or socioeconomically). In the second modelling stage, there was a clear and significant effect of PA on BMI. Being physically active more than three times a week led to a 2.55-point reduction in BMI (p < 0.001). For women, this effect was more pronounced, with a 2.92-point reduction (p < 0.001). This study leverages existing longitudinal data to provide causal estimates of PA on BMI-finding that PA reduces BMI, particularly for women. As many individuals face resource constraints, campaigns to promote behavioural change need to be nuanced and shift some of the responsibility for physically activity from individuals to policy and organizational reforms.

Development of Physical Fitness Evaluation Criteria for Women in Compulsory Isolation for Drug Rehabilitationn in Compulsory Isolation for Drug Rehabilitation

Background: The issue of physical and mental rehabilitation for drug users lacks a comprehensive and reliable system for evaluating it difficult to conduct a reasonable assessment of their physical fitness.The establishment of physical fitness evaluation criteria specifically tailored for female drug users serves as the fundamental basis for developing precise and individualized exercise prescriptions.Methods:This study used the national physical fitness test method to assess the physical fitness of female drug addicts undergoing mandatory rehabilitation. The principal component analysis method was employed to calculate the weight of each individual physical fitness test indicator, which was then combined with the indicator T score to obtain a comprehensive evaluation of the physical fitness of these individuals.On this basis, a single physical fitness index T-score scoring equation was determined for two groups of women (with and without diseases) undergoing compulsory isolation and drug rehabilitation, stratified by age (under 30 years old, 31-40 years old, 41-50 years old, 51-60 years old).Results: The weights of various indicators and the combined weights of secondary indicators in the physical fitness evaluation index system for female addicts undergoing compulsory isolation for detoxification have been established. Conclusion:Based on the total score calculated by combining the T-score of each individual physical fitness indicator with its corresponding weight, a comprehensive rating system with four levels - "excellent, good, qualified, and unqualified" - has been set.

Lactobacillus plantarum KAD protects against high-fat diet-induced hepatic complications in Swiss albino mice: Role of inflammation and gut integrity.

Hepatic complications are the major health issues associated with dietary intake of calorie saturated food e.g. high-fat diet (HFD). Recent studies have revealed the beneficial effects of probiotics in HFD fed mice with hepatic complications. Some probiotic Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) e.g. Lactobacillus plantarum have drawn our attention in managing hepatic complications. Here, we aim to elucidate the protective effects of L. plantarum KAD strain, isolated from ethnic fermented food 'Kinema' in HFD-fed mice as, a preventive approach. Eighteen Swiss albino mice were equally divided into 3 groups: Normal Diet (ND), negative control (HFD), and HFD-fed with oral L. plantarum KAD supplementation (LP). All the experimental groups were subjected to specific diet according to grouping for eight weeks. After completion of the regime, subjects were anesthetized and sacrificed. Organs, blood, and fecal samples were collected and stored appropriately. Physical indices, including body weight gain, organ co-efficients were calculated along with assessment of glycemic, lipidomic, hepatic, oxidative stress, inflammatory, and histological parameters. Gut microbiota analysis was performed using 16s V3-V4 fecal metagenomic profiling, and sequencing were done using Illumina Miseq system. Oral administration of L. plantarum KAD is found to significantly (p<0.05) restore metabolic health by normalizing glycemic, lipidomic, hepatic parameters, oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters. Moreover, LP group (7.08±0.52 mg/g) showed significantly (p<0.001) decreased hepatic triglyceride level compared to HFD group (20.07±1.32 mg/g). L. plantarum KAD improved the adipocytic, and colonic histomorphology with significantly better scoring pattern. LP group (1.83±0.41) showed a significantly (p<0.001) reduced hepatic score compared to negative control group (5.00±0.63), showing reduced hepatosteatosis, and immune infiltration. The strain modulated gut health by altering its microbial composition positively towards normalization. In conclusion, the results of the experiment suggest that prophylactic L. plantarum KAD administration has beneficial effects on the onset of HFD induced hepatic complications in mice. Further studies are needed, on this strain for its clinical use as dietary supplement.

"Influencing factors of double roll coating ratio of reconstituted tobacco by papermaking

To investigate and elucidate the influencing factors and laws of double-roll coating ratio (CR) for papermaking reconstituted tobacco and to assess the effectiveness of CR in characterizing the finished product’s hot water soluble (HWS) content, base sheet (BS) specimens of reconstituted tobacco with varying bone-dry basis weights and moisture contents were prepared. These sheets were then coated with different physical indices of coating liquids using a small double-roll coater at different sheet speeds. Subsequently, the CR and HWS content of the finished product were analyzed. The results showed that when the viscosity of the coating liquid was &gt; 280 mPa·s, the moisture content of the BS should be maintained between 18% and 22%, and the speed of the BS should be &gt; 120 m/min; when the viscosity of the coating liquid is &lt; 280 mPa·s, the moisture content of the BS should be maintained between 14% and 18%, and the speed of the BS should be &gt; 120 m/min, so that higher HWS can be obtained in finished products. The bone-dry basis weight of the BS should be kept between 40 and 60 g/m2. The suspension solid content of coating liquid should be &lt; 9.5%.

Vulnerability assessment of English and Welsh coastal areas

The escalating threat of climate change has placed global coastal communities at risk, with rising sea levels and intensified storm events presenting unprecedented challenges. Coastal vulnerability assessments, conducted every 3–5 years, are crucial. This empirical study assesses the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) for the distinct coastal contexts of Dawlish, Happisburgh (England), and Aberystwyth (Wales). The CVI method consists of the Physical Coastal Vulnerability Index (PCVI) and the Economic Coastal Vulnerability Index (ECVI), which provide a multidimensional assessment of vulnerability for coastal zones. This integrated index allows for a nuanced evaluation of vulnerability, distinguishing between sites based on various factors. Additionally, this study conducted a correlation analysis to understand the associations between the parameters. The findings demonstrate that physical features like beach and dune widths significantly impact a location’s natural defences, and economic factors such as property values and population density are equally crucial in determining societal risks and potential financial repercussions. The Combined Coastal Vulnerability Index (CCVI) results confirm the effectiveness of incorporating a diverse range of variables. Despite its substantial economic value, it reveals that Dawlish requires targeted protective measures, whereas Happisburgh needs an increased focus on its most vulnerable sectors. Aberystwyth emerges as the area with the highest overall vulnerability, underscoring the need for comprehensive coastal management practices. The study’s conclusions emphasize the essential role of adaptive, integrated management strategies in enhancing coastal resilience against the complex threats posed by climate dynamics. Moving forward, the indices established herein advocate for their use in strategic planning and policymaking to strengthen coastal regions in the face of sea-level rise and climatic variability. This investigation lays the groundwork for future research, aimed at refining and expanding these methodologies, aspiring to develop a detailed national coastal vulnerability atlas, a critical tool for informed decision-making and safeguarding at-risk communities.

Correlational analysis of psychophysiological functions indicators, technical and physical readiness of young football players aged 12-13 at different training process stages

Background and purpose At the current stage, many teams in game sports have certain difficulties with stable success on the world sports arena. Football in this sense is no exception. The purpose of the study is to determine the relationship between psychophysiological functions and indicators of physical and technical readiness of young football players aged 12-13 years in the preparatory and competitive periods of the annual cycle of the training process. Materials and methods 12 football players of the Kharkiv Junior High School, 12-13 years old, took part in the study. We used the next methods. Determining the level of physical fitness: Running for 60 m, 1000 m run, Shuttle race, Pull-ups on the crossbar, Jump from a place. Determination of the level of technical preparation: Juggling. The main task of this test, the player needs to kick the ball so that it does not fall to the ground, this is done with the feet, the athlete must kick the ball as many times as possible; Shot at range. Held from the line of the field, the football player must hit the ball as far as possible from the run, this distance is measured in meters. Results In the preparatory phase for young soccer players aged 12-13 years, the total number of reliable relationships between the psychophysiological index and the physical and technical readiness index was 12. In the competition phase, the total number of reliable relationships between psychophysiological indicators and physical and technical readiness indicators remained the same for young soccer players aged 12-13 years, also 12 relationships. Conclusion The data obtained reflect the formative process of a specific type of soccer player, in which the speed of neurodynamic processes is related to the physical qualities of speed and speed-power.

Symptom Severity and Glucocorticoid Dosing in Patients With Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Obesity.

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory disorder of the elderly characterized by girdle pain and stiffness. Obesity has an influence on disease activity and outcome in rheumatic diseases like osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to investigate the relationship between high BMI and the severity and outcome of PMR, which is incompletely understood. In a post hoc analysis, 83 patients with recent-onset PMR were studied over 6 months using clinical examination, laboratory evaluation, and girdle ultrasound (US). The modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ), 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and PMR visual analog scale (VAS) scores, as well as prednisone therapy data, were recorded. Patients were grouped according to their BMI. At baseline, the 12 patients with obesity had significantly more shoulder pain (P = 0.03), global pain (P = 0.03), PMR VAS (P < 0.01), and fatigue (P = 0.03); higher mHAQ (P = 0.01); and lower SF-36 physical component summary (P = 0.048) and SF-36 pain index (P < 0.001). The mean initial prednisone dose was similar among groups, but patients with obesity received a lower dose/kg (1.9 [SD 0.7] mg vs 2.2 [SD 0.7] mg; P < 0.01). At 6 months, patients with obesity were being treated with higher mean daily prednisone doses (8.5 [SD 3.2] mg/d vs 6.2 [SD 5.2] mg/d; P = 0.02), and 40% of them were receiving higher daily prednisone doses than the standard protocol compared with 14% patients without obesity (P = 0.048). Clinical features, laboratory results, and US results were similar between patients with and without obesity. Obesity affects both symptom severity and prednisone utilization in patients with PMR. The reason for this may relate to different subjective pain perception rather than increased inflammation in patients with obesity. BMI should be considered when interpreting symptoms in patients with PMR and deciding their prednisone doses.

Six-month trajectory of phase angle after cardiovascular surgery and associated factors of the recovery during cardiac rehabilitation: A retrospective cohort study

Although the phase angle (PhA), a measure of frailty and sarcopenia, determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis has been reported as a prognostic factor after cardiovascular surgery, few studies have reported the trajectory of the PhA after discharge. In this study, we examined the trajectory of the PhA along with conventional physical function measures and explored the factors associated with recovery for 6 months after hospital discharge in patients who had undergone cardiovascular surgery. We included 116 patients who underwent elective cardiovascular surgery and cardiac rehabilitation after discharge. The PhA, physical function measures (grip strength, knee extension isometric muscle strength [KEIS], and usual gait speed), and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) were assessed preoperatively, at discharge, and 3 and 6 months. Correlations between the PhA recovery rates and physical function and nutritional indices were assessed using Spearman's correlation analysis. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to examine the factors associated with recoveries of PhA and physical function indices (grip strength, KEIS, gait speed) after discharge. Mean values of the PhA and physical function measurements and the GNRI score at discharge were lower than the preoperative values (PhA,-8.0%; grip strength,-8.7%; KEIS,-6.9%; usual gait speed,-8.3%; GNRI,-11%). The grip strength, KEIS, and gait speed recovered to almost preoperative values 3 months after discharge. Values for the PhA and GNRI were still lower than preoperative values 3 months after discharge but had recovered to preoperative values at 6 months. The PhA was not significantly correlated with the recovery rates of the other indicators. Older age was negatively associated with PhA recovery rate, however, recovery rates decreased significantly with post-discharge physical activity. In patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, the PhA takes longer to recover than muscle strength or gait speed, requiring up to 6 months to recover to preoperative levels. Post-discharge interventions to increase daily physical activity may be an important method of speeding PhA recovery.