Physical Fitness Characteristics Research Articles

Physiological characteristics predictive of passing military physical employment standard tasks for ground close combat occupations in men and women.

Challenges for some women meeting the physical employment standards (PES) for ground close combat (GCC) roles stem from physical fitness and anthropometric characteristics. The purpose of this study was to identify the modifiable and nonmodifiable characteristics predictive of passing GCC-based PES tasks and determine the modifiable characteristics suitable to overcome nonmodifiable limitations. 107 adults (46 women) underwent multiday testing assessing regional and total lean mass (LM), percent body fat (BF%), aerobic capacity (V̇O2peak), strength, power, and PES performance. Predictors with p-value <0.200 were included in stepwise logistic regression analysis or binary logistic regression when outcomes among sexes were insufficient. Relative and absolute arm LM (OR: 4.617-8.522,p<0.05), leg LM (OR: 2.463, p<0.05), and upper body power (OR: 2.061, p<0.05) predicted medicine ball chest throw success. Relative and absolute arm LM (OR: 3.734-11.694, p<0.05), absolute trunk LM (OR: 2.576, p<0.05), and leg LM (OR: 2.088, p<0.05) predicted casualty drag success. Upper body power (OR: 3.910, p<0.05), absolute trunk LM (OR: 2.387, p<0.05), leg LM (OR: 2.290, p<0.05), and total LM (OR: 1.830, p<0.05) predicted maximum single lift success. Relative and absolute arm LM (OR: 3.488-7.377, p<0.05), leg LM (OR: 1.965, p<0.05), and upper body power (OR: 1.957, p<0.05) predicted water can carry success. %BF (OR: 0.814, p=0.007), V̇O2peak (OR: 1.160, p=0.031), and lower body strength (OR: 1.059, p<0.001) predicted repeated lift and carry success. V̇O2peak (OR: 1.540, p<0.001) predicted 2-km ruck march success. Modifiable characteristics were the strongest predictors for GCC-based PES task success to warrant their improvement for enhancing PES performance for women.

Anthropomorphic and Physical Fitness Characteristics of United States Air Force Basic Military Training: Special Warfare Versus Nonspecial Warfare Recruits, Fiscal Year 2019-2023

Anthropomorphic and Physical Fitness Characteristics of United States Air Force Basic Military Training: Special Warfare Versus Nonspecial Warfare Recruits, Fiscal Year 2019-2023

Model characteristics of physical fitness of taekwondo players at the stage of basic training

The purpose of the study was to study the characteristics of physical fitness and develop model characteristics of taekwondo athletes at the stage of basic training. The results. The analysis of the physical fitness of taekwondo athletes showed that the average indicators of physical fitness of taekwondo athletes at the stage of basic training of the 2nd year of training are better than those of athletes of the 1st year from 3.39 to 14.28%. The largest differences between the groups of 14.28% are observed in the pistol test for 30 s on the left leg and 11.56% - swing with the right leg forward for 15 s, and the smallest 3.51% in the 20 m s gait test. Statistically significant differences were established according to the Student's test t=2.25–2.68 at p &lt;0.05, in tests: speed-power index (ratio of jump length to height) t=2.25; left leg swing forward in 15 s, t=2.33; swing with the right leg forward in 15 seconds, t=2.68. The model performance characteristics of flexibility tend to decrease in the range between the ideal and minimum values by 21.75% and 20.92% in the transverse split and longitudinal split tests for the left leg, respectively, but it is found that the indicators for the longitudinal split for the right leg differ by 0.29%

Relationships between physical fitness characteristics, technical skill attributes, and sports injury in female Australian football players.

To explore the relationships between physical fitness and i) technical skills and ii) time-loss from Australian football injury in female players across the talent and participation pathways. This study uses a subset of data from two cross-sectional and one prospective cohort studies. A total of 223 female Australian football players across five competition levels (elite/non-elite senior, high-level junior, and non-elite junior (14-17 years)/(10-13 years)) were included in this study. Comprehensive physical fitness assessments and modified Australian football kicking and handballing tests were conducted in the 2018/19 pre-seasons. During the respective competitive in-season, time-loss injuries were recorded by team personnel. Stepwise multiple linear regressions were performed to determine the relationship between physical fitness and kicking and handballing scores. Cox proportional regressions were conducted to identify physical fitness factors associated with injury. Increased running vertical jump height, greater hip abduction strength, and faster timed 6 m hop speed demonstrated a relationship with kicking accuracy when adjusted for years of Australian football playing experience (adjusted R2 = 0.522, p < 0.001). Faster agility time and increased lean mass were associated with better handballing accuracy (adjusted R2 = 0.221, p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression revealed an increased risk for sustaining a time-loss injury in less agile players (adjusted HR 2.41, 95% CI 1.23, 4.73, p = 0.010). However, this relationship no longer remained when adjusted for age and years of Australian football experience (adjusted HR 1.68, 95% CI 0.81, 3.50, p = 0.166). Physical fitness may be a significant factor contributing to development of Australian football technical skills in female players. However, its role is unclear in protecting against injury risk in this athlete population. Further research is needed to explore the multifactorial and complex phenomenon of talent development and injury risk reduction in female Australian football players.

Physical fitness and motor competence performance characteristics of Chinese elite youth athletes from four track and field throwing disciplines-a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: For systematic athletic training and targeted talent development, it is essential to know the physical fitness and motor competencies of top athletes in detail. However, it can be difficult to identify differences in performance requirements and thus to provide adequate support, especially for sports that at first glance appear to have similar demands-such as track and field throwing disciplines. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the physical fitness and motor competence of top athletes from different throwing disciplines and to check whether the athletes' performance parameters match the specific requirements of the respective sport. Methods: The study involved 289 male youth athletes (aged 14-18years) across four distinct throwing disciplines: shot put (n = 101), hammer throw (n = 16), discus throw (n = 63), and javelin throw (n = 109). The performance evaluation comprised three anthropometric measurements and twelve motor performance prerequisites applicable to the throwing disciplines. Discriminant analysis and neural networks (Multilayer Perceptron) were implemented to determine the possibility of distinguishing among athletes from the four sports. Results: The study's findings indicate that in male throwing athletes, disparities in general physical fitness and motor proficiency assessments discern the majority of talented young athletes based on their specific sport (discriminant analysis: 68.2%; multilayer perceptron analysis: 72.2%). This remains applicable irrespective of the classification method employed. Discus throwers possessed a height advantage, while shot putters and hammer throwers exhibited superior arm strength. Javelin throwers displayed better explosive strength and sprinting speed. Except for the hammer throwers, all events demonstrated a high level of explosive power in the medicine ball forward or backward throw test, which was especially crucial for shot put and discus athletes. Conclusion: The significance of physical fitness and motor competence tests in identifying and transferring talented athletes in track and field throwing disciplines has been affirmed. Using linear and non-linear classification methods, most athletes could be assigned to their correct sport. However, this also shows that slightly different training and talent identification is required for each of these sports. Furthermore, non-linear analysis methods can provide useful support for the development processes in junior competitive sports.

O EFEITO DA COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL NA APTIDÃO FÍSICA DE UNIVERSITÁRIOS JOGADORES DE RÚGBI

Objective: To investigate the relationship between body composition and physical fitness characteristics of collegiate rugby union players and explore their physical profiles based on their playing positions. Method: High-level collegiate players (n = 27, age = 21.2 ± 1.1 years) that were grouped in two playing positions, as forwards and backs were assessed. Data were collected for body weight (BW), height, body composition (body fat percentage [BF%] and lean body mass [LBM]), 3-sec sprint test (3SST), Illinois change of direction (ICOD), vertical jump (VJT), and aerobic fitness (VO2 max). Results: Forwards players presented significantly higher BW, BF%, and LBM compared to backs players. Backs players were significantly faster and had better VO2 max than the forwards players. Depending on playing positions, BF% and LBM showed a moderate to strong relationship with physical fitness performances. Conclusion: Anthropometric such as height, BW, LBM, and VO2 max can be a contributing factor in determining players’ playing positions and their appropriate playing standards in rugby union. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective Comparative Study.

ANALYZING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN GYMNAST'S STATURE AND MEDAL PERFORMANCE ON APPARATUSES IN MEN'S ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS

In order to achieve success in sports, certain physical fitness characteristics are necessary. This study aims to determine whether a relationship exists between the height of male gymnasts who have won medals in the World Championships and Olympic Games in Artistic Gymnastics, and the apparatus on which they achieved those medals. Competitions in Men’s Artistic Gymnastics at World Championships and Olympic Games are held in six apparatuses for individuals: floor exercise, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars and horizontal bar. Each apparatus follows specific rules for evaluating gymnastics routines. Airborne acrobatics dominate on floor and vault, while support holds prominence on pommel horse and parallel bars, and hanging manoeuvres characterize rings and the high bar. While a gymnast’s body height influences all forms of gymnastics, the question remains: who can rise to the top on each apparatus? Within the scope of the research, the results between the years from 2009 to 2021 were examined. In this context, data from three Olympic Games (2012, 2016 and 2020) and nine World Championships (2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2019) were used. The heights (251 sets of data) of the gymnasts who won medals in these competitions were evaluated. While the shortest of the medal-winning gymnasts was 150cm tall (floor exercise and pommel horse) and the tallest 183cm (floor exercise and horizontal bar), the average height of the medal-winning gymnasts was 164.67cm (± 6.12). There is statistically significant difference between the heights of the gymnasts who won medals on apparatuses (p&lt;0.05).

The Effects of School-Based Handball Intervention on 12–14-Year-Old Children’s Physical Fitness and Performance

Background. School-based physical activity interventions contribute positively to children’s general health, wellness, and quality of life. The present study aims to investigate the effect of a 12-week handball training intervention on the ingredients of physical fitness and physical performances of primary school children. Materials and methods. In this quasi-experimental study, students participating in school-based handball training constitute the intervention group (IG) (n=15, aged 12.3 ± 0.96) and those who do not participate (n=17, aged 12.1 ± 0.83) constitute the comparison group. The linear speed (T30m), change of direction speed (T-test time), lower extremity power (standing long jump (SLJ)), muscular strength and endurance (30-sec curl-ups and push-ups), and estimated maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) (YYIRTL-1) were measured at the beginning and end of the handball training session. Independent samples t-test was conducted to test the significant differences in pretests between groups. Paired samples t-test was carried out to analyze statistically significant differences within groups. Results. The results revealed that, except for SLJ test scores, the pre-tests IG performed statistically significantly higher than the CG. In post-test scores, the IG performed statistically significantly higher than the CG in all test scores. In addition, physical fitness performance levels of the IG significantly changed between pre- and post-test (p&lt;0.05) but not in the control group (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions. In conclusion, school-based handball intervention can positively affect students’ physical fitness and performance characteristics.

프로리그 진출 여부에 따른 고등학교 엘리트 축구선수의 체력 특성 비교 연구

프로리그 진출 여부에 따른 고등학교 엘리트 축구선수의 체력 특성 비교 연구

Anthropometric Measurements, Physical Fitness Performance and Specific Throwing Strength in Adolescent Track-and-Field Throwers: Age, Sex and Sport Discipline

Purpose: The aims of this study were: (1) to profile anthropometric, physical fitness, and specific throwing strength characteristics among 14–18 years boys and girls throwers; (2) to evaluate which factors vary with age, and which correlate with specific throwing strength; (3) to identify the measured variables that best predict specific throwing strength. Methods: Anthropometric, physical fitness, and specific throwing strength of 154 boys and 104 girls, who participated in track-and-field throw (Shot put, Javelin, Discus and Hammer throw) from four age categories (U15, U16, U17, U18), were measured in September 2022. The differences and correlations in parameters among different age, sex and throwing groups were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric testing. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify the variables that best explain the specific throwing strength. Results: Disparities in height between boys and girls of the same age have consistently existed, however, the dissimilarity in weight tends to diminish as they grow older. Boys and girls of identical age groups exhibit noteworthy disparities in terms of speed, agility, and jumping prowess. These disparities tend to amplify as they advance in age. Significant differences were observed among boys of different ages in Height (p = 0.038), Body Mass (p = 0.02), BMI (p = 0.025), sit and reach test (p = 0.035), standing long jump (p = 0.012), standing triple jump (p &lt; 0.01), forward overhead medicine ball throw (p = 0.002) and the hexagon agility test (p &lt; 0.01). No differences were found in anthropometric measurements among girls, but differences were found in the hexagon agility test (p = 0.017) and plank test (p = 0.041). Specific throwing strength exhibits variations due to differences in events, age, and gender. Additionally, physical fitness performance, especially lower limb power, linear sprint speed, forward overhead medicine ball throw and backward overhead shot throw, have a high correlation with specific throwing strength. Conclusions: These findings broaden the existing knowledge base for coaches and practitioners, enabling them to discern the distinctive attributes of track and field throwers and capture the crucial physical markers that are pivotal for nurturing the progression of track-and-field throwers. The study suggests that throwers aged 14 to 18 should strive to comprehensively cultivate their athletic abilities.

Association Between Body Composition And Physical Fitness Characteristics In Male High School Lacrosse Athletes

Association Between Body Composition And Physical Fitness Characteristics In Male High School Lacrosse Athletes

Physical preparedness of female cadets in the process of sectional work in judo wrestling in the institutions of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine

Significant number of women want to study in the higher education institutions and work in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The training of female cadets with a high level of development of motor skills is an important task in higher education institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The authors of scientific and methodological works note that the sectional training in various sports (in particular, judo wrestling) is one of the effective ways to optimize the process of the training of the cadets in the higher education institutions with the specific learning conditions. We conducted a study of the indicators of the preparedness of the cadets-women who during the year of study were engaged in the program "Special Physical Training" without attending sectional classes. We compared their results with the results of the cadets who trained in the judo wrestling section. The results show that the traditional curriculum of the discipline "Special Physical Training" effectively contributes to the improvement of the physical preparedness (strength and speed qualities, coordination, endurance, flexibility). Judo wrestling classes are an effective mean of the extracurricular activities of the cadets-women. They help to increase their physical fitness characteristics. They also help to learn self-defense tactics of law enforcement officers.

High-Intensity Interval Training Minimizes the Deleterious Effects of Arterial Hypertension on the Urinary Bladder of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Arterial hypertension promotes urological complications by modifying the functional capacity of the urinary bladder. On the other hand, physical exercise has been suggested as a nonpharmacological tool to improve blood pressure regulation. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can effectively increase peak oxygen consumption, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related characteristics of adults; however, its action on the urinary bladder is little discussed. In the present study, we verified the effect of HIIT on the modulation of the redox state, morphology, and inflammatory and apoptotic processes of the urinary bladder of hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided into two groups: SHR sedentary and SHR submitted to HIIT. Arterial hypertension promoted an increase in the plasma redox state, modified the volume of the urinary bladder, and increased collagen deposition in detrusor muscle. It was also possible to identify, in the sedentary SHR group, an increase in inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and TNF-α in the urinary bladder, as well as a reduction in BAX expression. However, in the HIIT group, reduced blood pressure levels were observed, together with an improvement in morphology, such as a decrease in collagen deposition. HIIT also regulated the proinflammatory response, promoting increases in IL-10 and BAX expressions and in the number of plasma antioxidant enzymes. The present work highlights the intracellular pathways involved with the oxidative and inflammatory capacity of the urinary bladder and the potential effect of HIIT on the regulation of the urothelium and detrusor muscle of hypertensive rats.

CARACTERÍSTICAS PARTICULARES DE APTIDÃO FÍSICA NO TREINAMENTO DE DANÇARINOS

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chinese sports dance has occupied a prominent place worldwide due to its rapid development and the exchange between countries has gradually increased, requiring studies on the improvement in the training of these athletes. Objective: Study the particular characteristics of physical fitness and its insertion methods in the training of sport dancers. Methods: The author used the method of literature data, questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics to take the students specializing in sports dance in the School of Physical Education as research volunteers, performing a series of fitness index tests to check the most relevant characteristics to the fitness of their training. Results: The body shape training and special strength training, including special flexibility training is organized according to the demand standards. As for the physical training specific to dancers, the basic ballet training reaches 32 exercises, the strength training of the costal muscles, waist and abdomen 32 exercises, and the flexibility of the groin and legs 25 exercises, the latter being the key quality content for athletes. Conclusion: In-depth investigations and research are constantly being conducted into the content of special fitness training for students specializing in sports dance, and the factors influencing the particular fitness training have the potential to most effectively promote the development of sports dance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

THE CURRENT STATE AND WAYS TO IMPROVE THE ORIENTATION OF YOUNG QUALIFIED ATHLETES’ TRAINING IN KAYAKING AND CANOEING

Introduction. The data of classical and modern scientific and methodical literature testify that the formation of a structure of functional maintenance of special work capacity of qualified sportsmen is a long-term process which takes into account factors of physical development and regularities of formation of sports skill in a concrete sport [6, 7]. At the same time, there is a clear understanding that the development of functional capabilities of sportsmen, as well as the formation of the structure of functional support of special work capacity at the stages of sports improvement requires taking into account the specifics of a sport, a kind of sport, specialization, qualification, sex, age of sportsmen [2]. This affects the structure of special functional fitness of athletes and, as a result, requires the use of adequate means and methods of control, selection and orientation, modeling of training and fitness of athletes. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the orientation of training of athletes in kayaking and canoeing taking into account the complex manifestation of motor skills and energy supply. Materials and methods. Young skilled athletes of China, girls and boys specializing in kayaking and canoeing - 100 athletes, winners of regional regattas and championships. Analysis of specialized literature. Measurements of gas exchange using the ergospirometric complex "Oxycon mobile". Biochemical measurements with Biosen S. line lab+. Testing of physical performance using the ergometer "Dansprint" and testing in the conditions of a training session. Methods of statistical analysis. Results. The well-known indicators of physical fitness of rowers have a wide range of individual differences. This is evidenced by the average data and differences of the number of rowers who had five points - 14.3±6.1; three points - 37.8±13.5; one point - 47.9±14.6 on indicators of general physical fitness. The priority physical qualities that influence the general level of physical fitness are determined - coordination, flexibility and balance, mobility of joints and muscles; flexibility; balance. All athletes who had the highest and average scores in functional fitness had high indicators of coordination, flexibility, joint and muscle mobility; balance. It is shown that a high level of development of the above physical qualities forms prerequisites for realization of functional reserves of an organism determined by indicators of aerobic power, glycolytic capacity, reactivity of reaction of pulmonary ventilation to increase of physiological tension of load. Conclusions. The priority characteristics of physical fitness identified in the study affect neurodynamic functions, reactive properties of the cardiorespiratory system, and the reaction of the musculoskeletal system. They contribute to adaptation processes in the conditions of intense training competitive activity of young rowers. The presented results of theoretical analysis and experimental research have created prerequisites for improving the target orientation of the training process of young rowers, defined a certain algorithm of actions that allows to realize the functions of selection and sports orientation as a component of the training process management. It forms certain prospects of the research in this direction.

Physical fitness assessment in wheelchair basketball: A mini-review.

Wheelchair basketball (WB) is a Paralympic sport ideated for people with motor disabilities, and the research on this topic still requires attention. It is fundamental to evaluate physical fitness characteristics with appropriate tests and standardized routines to plan and monitor the training. Considering that a standard operating procedure is a document that makes the test battery replicable, the objective of the present study was to review the literature on physical fitness assessment in WB players and to create a standard operating procedure. Studies were collected from different databases, and after a screening process, data were discussed narratively. Only 18 articles met the eligibility criteria. The test batteries presented similarities in different studies. The suggested standard operating procedure consists of 10-min warm-up followed by handgrip evaluation (only if the instrument is available), 20-m sprint test, maximal pass, modified push-up, back scratch test, and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test adapted test Version 1.

Relationship between Selected Physical Fitness Variables and Shooting Accuracy among High School Basketball Players in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana

This research was carried out to examine the relationship between selected physical fitness characteristics and shooting accuracy among high school basketball players in the Cape Coast Metropolis. Preliminary investigation revealed that the shooting accuracy of basketball players in the metropolis was not good compared to the standards set for players of their age category. Forty (40) basketball players comprising twenty (20) male and twenty (20) female, male with a mean age of 17.15, weight of 73.20, height of 1.79, and female also with a mean age of 17.15, a weight of 68.65 and height of 1.64 were randomly sampled and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group was taken through drills to improve on selected fitness variables while the control group went through a mini-clinic on passing and dribbling. The mini-clinic was used to occupy the control group for the period of training at a different venue as the experimental group went through specific drills intended to improve on selected physical fitness characteristics which were used as the bases for assessing improvement in shooting accuracy. Because the mini-clinic focused on passing and dribbling, it did not have any influence on their shooting hence difference was identified. Physical fitness tests were conducted using standardized tests; agility was tested with the Illinois agility test, balance with the flamingo test, coordination with the alternate hand wall toss test, power (upper body) was tested with the seated medicine ball toss test, power (lower body) with the standing broad jump, reaction time with the ruler test, and speed with the 40m dash. For shooting accuracy, the researchers adapted the tests used by Pojsic, Separovic, and Uzicanin which are static free throw, dynamic free throw, static two points, and dynamic two points. A dependent sample t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used for analysis. Overall results showed no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group for both sexes for the physical fitness and shooting accuracy tests at the pretest but at the posttest, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. There was also a strong positive relationship between physical fitness and shooting accuracy among high school basketball players in the Cape Coast metropolis. The problem of shooting accuracy among high school basketball players in Cape Coast metropolis can be improved with a planned programme to improve on their selected game-related physical fitness variables.

Physical fitness characteristics and neck and shoulder pain incidence in school-aged children-A 2-year follow-up.

Background and AimsNeck and shoulder pain (NSP) is common in school age, but preventative factors have not been identified. The purpose was to study whether a fitness test could be used to predict the incidence of NSP and determine whether good physical fitness characters would be associated with lower NSP incidence in school‐aged children at 2‐year follow‐up.MethodsAfter the invitation to nine schools, 970 children (10–15 years old) agreed to participate. Flexibility, fundamental movement skills, musculoskeletal fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness measurements included in Finnish Schools on the Move! monitoring system for physical functional capacity were measured at baseline in 2013. The NSP incidence was assessed by an online survey during school hours after 1 and 2 years. Logistic regression was used to analyze associations between physical fitness characteristics and NSP incidence.ResultsThe mean prevalence of NSP was 26% at baseline. The NSP incidence was 15% in the first and 18% in the second follow‐up year. Good physical fitness was not associated with lower NSP incidence in the 2‐year follow‐up. Successful lower back extension (odds ratio [OR] = 2.83) and good scores in curl‐up (OR = 1.80) adjusted with age, gender, and body mass index, were associated with higher NSP incidence between T0 and T2. Throwing–catching combination (OR = 0.55) was associated with a lower NSP incidence in unadjusted analysis, but the association did not remain after adjustments.ConclusionGood physical fitness characteristics were not consistently associated with a lower NSP incidence in school‐aged children in a 2‐year follow‐up. The role of general field‐based physical fitness test as a screening tool for NSP incidence remains unconfirmed. More longitudinal studies are needed to detect the factors underlying NSP incidence in school‐aged children.

Physique and performance in male sitting volleyball players: implications for classification and training.

BackgroundThis study assessed whether anthropometry, physical fitness and sport-specific sprint performance vary across the three groups of sitting volleyball (SV) athletes (athletes with a disability (VS1), athletes with a minimal disability (VS2) and able-bodied SV athletes (AB)) in order to explore the validity of the current system of classification. This study also investigated how the anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of athletes relate to their sprint performance.MethodsThirty-five SV male athletes aged 37.4 ± 10.8 years and practicing SV at a national/international level volunteered for this study. Testing consisted in the evaluation of linear anthropometry, physical fitness (body composition by-means of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and upper-body strength) and sprint performance (5-meter sprint tests, agility test and speed and endurance test).ResultsAthletes in the three groups differed in fat mass percentage (%FM) which was higher in VS1 versus AB at the sub-total level (+9%), in the arms (+15%) and in the non-impaired leg (+8%) regions. Greater hand span, greater length of the impaired lower leg, lower %FM at both the sub-total and regional level and a higher level of strength in the upper body are all associated with better performances in the considered sprint tests (P < 0.05 for all). These results do not confirm the validity of the current system of classification of athletes adopted in SV. Professionals dealing with SV athletes should include specific exercises aimed at improving whole-body and regional body composition and the strength of the trunk and upper limbs in their training programs.

Differences Between Children`S Antropometric and Physical Fitness Characteristics Urban and Rural Areas

Purpose: The paper aims differences between children in urban and rural area of anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness in children aged 13 years old. Material and Methods: The sample of entities is 80 children aged 13 years old male, who are divided into two sub-groups such as 40 children from the center of Pristina and 40 children from the village Bardhosh of Prishtina. The sample of variables consists of 10 anthropometric variables and physical fitness, from those in anthropometric characteristics are variables and struck 3 of them 7 physical fitness. Results: Children from urban areas have shown better values for anthropometric characteristics, while children from rural areas have shown better performance physical fitness indicators. The T-test confirmed statistically significant differences only in the variables with body mass (p= 0.030), body mass index (p= 0.004). Courses in physical fitness have statistically significant differences in almost all variables vertical jump (p= 0.072), sit-up me worth (p= 0.000) upper-back (p= 0.009), sit and reach (p= 0.065) overhead medicine ball throw (p= 0.009). While in the body mass index (BMI) classification these body mass variables have shown significant differences (p= 0.000), body mass index (p= 0.000), standing long jump test (Mean Diff. 5.8, p= .078), sit-up (p= 0.000), upper-back (p= 0.003) and sit and reach (p= 0.050). Conclusions: We can find that children from urban areas have shown better value in anthropometric characteristics, while children from rural areas have shown better value in physical fitness.