Physical Disability Domains Research Articles

The impact of osteogenesis imperfecta severity on oral health-related quality of life in Spain: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) affects dental and craniofacial development; therefore, it can influence oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The objective of this study was to explore the influence of the severity of OI on OHRQoL in adults older than eighteen years residing in Spain.MethodAdults with OI were recruited from the Spanish Association of Crystal Bone (AHUCE) foundation. OHRQoL was evaluated using the Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire (OHIP-14sp), oral hygiene habits, and a dental care survey. Clinical and radiological dental examinations were performed to evaluate the patients’ oral conditions.ResultsA total of 65 adults (n = 46 females) aged between nineteen and sixty-two years who were diagnosed with OI and classified as type I, III, and IV (n = 20, 14, and 31, respectively) participated in this research. The total OHIP-14sp scores were significantly greater (worse) for type III (23 [SD = 10]) and type IV (21.4 [SD = 12]) than for type I (13.8 [SD = 6]) (P < 0.05). The negative impact of OHRQoL was due to the association of type III OI with all domains except for the handicap domain, while type IV OI was associated with the physical disability, social disability, and handicap domains (P < 0.05 for all).ConclusionThe severity of OI negatively impacted OHRQoL in adults. This association was statistically significant.

Association between underlying dentin shadows (ICDAS 4) and OHRQoL among adolescents from southern Brazil.

This study aimed to assess the association between underlying dentin shadows (UDS) and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among 15-19-year-old adolescents from southern Brazil. This population-based cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 1,197 15-19-year-old adolescents attending 31 public and private schools from Santa Maria, Brazil. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used to evaluate the OHRQoL, and clinical examinations were performed by two calibrated examiners (intra/interexaminer kappa values for caries examination ≥ 0.80) to diagnose UDS (ICDAS code 4 caries lesions). Sociodemographic information and clinical characteristics (overall caries experience, traumatic dental injury, malocclusion, and gingivitis) were also collected as adjusting variables. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between UDS and OHRQoL. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. The UDS prevalence was 8.8% (n = 106 adolescents). In the adjusted models, adolescents with UDS had poorer OHRQoL than those without UDS, and the strength of the association was dependent on the number of lesions per individual. Individuals with 1-2 UDS had a mean OHIP-14 score 8% higher (RR = 1.08; 95%CI: 1.01-1.17) than adolescents without UDS, while those with 3-4 UDS had a mean score 35% higher (RR = 1.35; 95%CI: 1.12-1.63). This negative association was related to physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and handicap domains. This study showed that UDS was associated negatively with OHRQoL among 15-19-year-old adolescents from southern Brazil. The negative effect of UDS on OHRQoL emphasizes the importance of addressing issues regarding OHRQoL even in the posterior teeth of adolescents.

Influence of different denture adhesives on patient-based outcomes: A crossover randomized controlled trial

The influence of different denture adhesive forms on retention, stability, denture movement, and masticatory efficiency have been studied. However, studies that investigated their effect on patient-based outcomes are scarce. The purpose of this crossover randomized controlled trial was to investigate the influence of 3 different denture adhesive forms on patient satisfaction and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in edentulous individuals. A total of 30 edentulous participants were enrolled. They initially received conventional dentures, which they used for 3 months. They were then instructed to use 3 forms of denture adhesives (cushion, paste, and powder) for 3 months each. Patient satisfaction was assessed by using a visual analog scale (VAS), and OHRQoL was assessed by using the oral health impact profile in the edentulous adults instrument. Assessments were done 3 months after wearing the conventional dentures, then after by using each denture adhesive form for 3 months, with a 1-month washout period. The average retention duration for each form and participant preference were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was conducted by using the repeated measures ANOVA test followed by the Scheffé test for VAS scores and retention duration. The Friedman test followed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for OHRQoL scores (α=.05). Irrespective of their forms, denture adhesives significantly improved patient satisfaction in most aspects (P<.001) and significantly improved OHRQoL (P<.001). VAS scores for the cushion form were significantly higher than those for the other 2 forms regarding general satisfaction, comfort, and ease of cleaning dentures and tissues. For stability and masticatory ability, the cushion and paste forms were significantly better (P<.05) than the powder form. OHRQoL scores were significantly higher (worse) for the powder form compared with the other 2 forms for the functional limitation, physical pain, and physical disability domains, with insignificant differences between the cushion and paste forms (P>.05). The powder form found the shortest retention duration and the least preference. Denture adhesives significantly improved OHRQoL and almost all aspects of patient satisfaction. The cushion form provided higher satisfaction levels for most aspects, followed by paste and then powder. OHRQoL outcomes were comparable for all forms, except for the functional limitation, physical pain, and physical disability domains, which were significantly better with the cushion and paste forms. The cushion and paste forms were more retentive and more preferred by the participants than the powder form.

Chewing Ability and the Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Relationship Between Tooth Wear and Oral Health.

It is important to understand how a very common prevalent condition of tooth wear (TW) impacts a person's day-to-day oral health. An emerging concept of measuring the parameter of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), which evidently impacts the daily living of a person, makes it practical to examine the correlation between TW and OHRQoL. For measuring the OHRQoL, we can apply various methods, and the most effective is the use of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) questionnaire. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess the correlation between TW and the OHRQoL among adult patients attending a dental college and hospital. A cross-sectional research was performed on patients who visited the outpatient department of Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, India. Initially, the sociodemographic details of patients, including their oral hygiene and dietary habits, were recorded. This step was followed by the assessment of TW using the Smith and Knight TW index. Then, the translated and validated version of the OHIP questionnaire was filled up, in which the patients were asked to rate each question on a Likert scale, with five points ranging from 0 to 4, where 0 = never, 1 = hardly ever, 2 = occasionally, 3 = fairly often, and 4 = very often. Based on a clinical examination on 630 subjects and the OHIP questionnaire responses from the participants, a significantly remarkable association (p ≤ 0.05) was found using a chi-square test between TW and the OHRQoL. In particular, TW was linked to other sociodemographic data and various lifestyle, dietary, and drinking habits. Along with the OHRQoL, TW also showed a positive correlation with gender. Using the chi-square test, a statistically significant association between age and TW was observed, with p-value = 0.004. Meanwhile, the place of residence did not show any association with TW. Educational qualifications of patients, visits to dental clinics, and reasons for dental visits showed very significant association with TW. Oral hygiene aids, materials used, frequency of brushing, and brushing technique did not have any association with TW as per the results obtained. A highly significant association was found between consumption of fruit drinks, citric drinks, and beverages and TW in the adult patients. Among all the domains of the OHIP questionnaire, the physical pain domain was the most affected, followed by the physical disability domain. We conclude that TW has a direct association and positive correlation with the OHRQoL. As TW was increasing, so were the OHIP values, which indicated a lesser OHRQoL. The study also presents information on how to maintain a regular and healthy dietary lifestyle and oral hygiene to combat the impacts of TW.

Depressed patients with greater symptom duration before MIS-TLIF do not report inferior outcomes.

Patients with preoperative depressive symptoms may demonstrate inferior patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The effect of preoperative symptom duration (SD) on PROs in this population has not been well-studied. We aim to assess the influence of preoperative SD on PROs in patients with low mental health scores prior to minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF). Patients who had undergone elective, primary MIS-TLIF with preoperative SF-12 MCS score below 45.6, a previously established threshold for depression, were selected. Patients were divided into matched lesser duration (LD; SD<365 days) and greater duration (GD; SD≥365 days) cohorts. PROs were collected preoperatively and at 6-week/12-week/6-month/1-year postoperative periods. PROs included PROMIS-PF/ODI/VAS back/VAS leg/SF-12 MCS. PROs were compared within and between groups. Rates of achievement of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were compared between groups. One hundred twenty-two patients were included after matching cohorts. Patients in the LD cohort demonstrated improvement in PROMIS-PF at 12-weeks/6-month/1-year, and ODI/VAS back/VAS leg/SF-12 MCS at all postoperative periods (p≤0.024, all). Patients in the GD cohort demonstrated improvement in PROMIS-PF at 12-weeks/6-month/1-year, and ODI/VAS back/VAS leg/SF-12 MCS at all postoperative periods (p≤0.013, all). There were no differences in PROs or MCID achievement between cohorts at any period. Patients with preoperative depressive symptoms undergoing MIS-TLIF, regardless of duration of preoperative symptoms, demonstrated improvements in physical function, disability, pain, and mental health domains. Patients with greater duration of preoperative symptoms did not report inferior outcomes at any period. Rates of clinically important improvements in all domains were favorable and similar between cohorts.

Impact of dental caries and periodontal disease on oral health-related quality of life among the Karnataka State Reserve Police Personnel in Belagavi, India.

The Karnataka State Reserve Police (KSRP) is a state-level police force in India. Good Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) among them is quintessential for the welfare of the society. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of dental caries and periodontal disease on the OHRQoL among the Karnataka State Reserve Police (KSRP) stationed in Belagavi, India.A cross-sectional design was used with a total sample size of 720. The personnel were recruited by simple random sampling. The Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP 14) was used to assess OHRQoL in 7 domains. The intra-examiner reliability for World Health Organisation (WHO) oral assessment form 2013 was assessed using Kappa statistics and was found to be 0.86. Dentition and periodontal status were recorded using the same. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's coefficient of correlation and multiple linear regression analysis.Physical pain and psychological discomfort had the highest mean scores among the seven domains of OHIP-14. Constables had higher mean OHIP-14 scores among the study population. A significant positive correlation was found between oral health parameters with the domains of OHIP-14. The highest dependence on the socio-demographic and oral health predictors were found in the domains of physical pain (44.2%), psychological discomfort (38.3%), and physical disability (30.5%).The study revealed that dental caries and periodontal disease had a significant impact on OHRQoL among reserve police personnel and the OHRQoL was poor particularly among the lower ranked personnel.

Oral Hygiene practices and Oral Health Related Quality of Life observed in patients reporting to Dental Institution in North India during COVID-19 Pandemic.

SummaryObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to ascertain Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQOL) and evaluate oralhygiene practices in patients visiting a dental institution during COVID-19 time.Materials and methodsFace-to face interviews were conducted using a semi-structured close-ended questionnaire,assessing oral hygiene practices and self-reported oral problems perceived in last 6 months, using both Hindi and English version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) Questionnaire. Frequency distribution of oral hygiene practices were obtained, and Descriptive statistics computed the scores of OHIP-14. Kruskal-wallis test and Independent t-test were used to match the association of OHIP-14 with demographic variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to compute the association of OHIP-14 with independent variables, age and gender.ResultsSubjective evaluation of OHRQOL (Oral Health Related Quality of Life) using OHIP-14 Porforma resulted in high score for physical pain and psychological discomfort but subjects expressed less discomfort in connection to functional limitation, physical disability, psychological discomfort, social disability and handicap domains of OHIP-14. With progressive increase in age OHRQOL worsened. Females had poor OHRQOL, with significant difference as compared to males. Gender and marital status observed variance in OHIP-14 with statistically significant difference (P <0.000).ConclusionMore than two-third subjects preferred cleaning their teeth using toothbrush and toothpaste. Therefore, COVID-19 consequently impacted OHRQOL of the general population.

Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on pain and oral health-related quality of life in women with temporomandibular disorder.

ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare pain intensity and Oral Health-related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in women with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) before (T1) and during (T2) COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: Sample was composed of forty-one female participants with painful TMD, who presented for TMD treatment. Subjects were asked to indicate their pain intensity and to answer the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Participants data were collected twice: T1 (evaluation of medical records fulfilled before COVID-19 pandemic) and T2 (by means of an online form). Socio-demographic data were assessed in T1. Statistical analysis was performed with a significance level of 5% (Wilcoxon, chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, multiple linear regressions). Results: No difference was found in pain intensity (p=0.26) and OHIP-14 global scores (p=0.53). Physical pain (p=0.03) and social disability (p=0.05) domains improved. In T1, subject’s occupation was associated with OHIP-14 global score, physical pain, and physical disability domains. In T2, age was associated with OHIP-14 global scores as well as physical pain, psychological discomfort, and psychological disability domains. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic did not worsen pain intensity and OHRQoL in women with painful TMD, and it is suggested that socio-demographic characteristics influenced TMD patients coping skills during pandemic.

Self-Declared Oral Health Conditions and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of the Brazilian Homeless Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To associate the impact of oral health-related quality of life with socio-demographic determinants, self-perception, oral health conditions and access to dental treatment among homeless adults. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a medium-sized Brazilian city in Minas Gerais. Socio-demographic data on the use of dental services and access to hygiene supplies for oral health were collected. Clinical aspects were collected by clinical observation using the Community Oral Health Indicator and oral health-related quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Medians and interquartile distance were compared using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Multiple linear regression included significant variables (p<0.05) of the bivariate analysis according to each OHIP-14 domain. Results: Women had the lowest scores for the physical and social disability domains. Oral health conditions were associated with physical and psychological limitations and disability. The presence of more teeth was associated with a negative impact on the functional and physical domains, and inflamed gums, lack of need for dental prosthesis, and use of private services were associated with a greater psychological disability. Conclusion: Oral health-related quality of life of the homeless population is affected, especially in the physical and psychological aspects. Equitable and inclusive health actions aimed at this population should include oral health.

CORRELATION OF PAIN INTENSITY AND HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN LUMBAR HERNIATED NUCLEUS PULPOSUS IN RSUD PROF. DR. MARGONO SOEKARJO

Low back pain (LBP) was a health problem that disturbed clinically, socially, and economically. There was a worldwide and national increase of LBP every year. Both LBP and ischialgia were specific symptoms of herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP). Location of HNP mostly happened at L4-L5 and L5-S1 level. Chronic pain which existed in HNP patients could affect health-related quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyze correlation of pain intensity and quality of life in HNP patients in RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo in 2011-2013. This was a cross-sectional study with 26 subjects. Bivariable analysis was done by using Pearson correlation test with stratification based on body mass index. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of FK Unsoed.. There was a significant correlation of pain intensity and quality of life (p&lt;0,01) with negative direction and very strong correlation (r=-0,908) in normoweight respondents, and also strong correlation (r=-0,794) in obese respondents. There was also a significant correlation (p&lt;0,001) with negative direction and very strong correlation (r=-0,852) in all respondents. Pain intensity has the strongest correlation with physical disability domain (r=-0,853). Higher pain intensity strongly impacts on the lower quality of life in lumbar HNP patients of RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo, and vice-versa.

Quality of Life and Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients With Skeletal Class III Malocclusion With Cleft Lip and Palate.

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL), oral health-related QOL (OHRQOL), temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and psychological factors in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and without CLP. Case-control. Primary care, institutional practice. One hundred thirty-six patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with CLP (n = 68) and without CLP (n = 68). QOL and OHRQOL were assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire, respectively. TMDs and psychological factors were assessed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). No differences in QOL were found between the groups (P > 0.05). Patients with CLP reported a better OHRQOL (P = 0.025) in the physical pain, physical disability, and psychological disability domains (P < 0.05). Patients with CLP presented with less myofascial pain (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11-0.71] and other articular conditions (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.06-0.90]. More patients with CLP reported no chronic pain (P = 0.012). The QOL of patients with CLP with no depression or with no nonspecific physical symptoms including pain (NSPSIP) was better than that of patients without CLP. The OHRQOL of patients with CLP without TMDs or no psychological factors was better than that of patients without CLP. Patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who require orthognathic surgery with CLP have better OHRQOL and present with fewer TMDs than those patients without CLP.

Oral health-related quality of life among prosthodontic patients in Telangana, India

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate factors affecting oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients using a removable dental prosthesis. Methodology: The present study employed a cross-sectional analytical design. A total of 100 patients participated and interviewed using a cross-sectional analytical design. In the first section of the questionnaire, patients were asked about demographic data whereas the second part of the questionnaire assessed medical history, oral habits, smoking status, oral hygiene habits, and frequency of dental visit. The questionnaire also collected information regarding the patient's removable prosthesis. Questionnaire of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-DENT) was also employed to measure oral health QoL (OHRQoL) on the domains of functional limitation (FL), physical pain (P1), psychological discomfort (P2), physical disability (D1), psychological disability (D2), social disability (D3) and handicap (H). Relationships between the demographic, socioeconomic, and education variables and others OHIP-EDENT scores were explored by comparing mean scores by applying ANOVA. Results: The OHIP-DENT score of participants was calculated for each domain for their mean and standard deviation values. The highest score was recorded for the FL domain (15.82 ± 6.6), followed by social disability (D3) (15.23 ± 5.06) and physical pain (P1) (14.29 ± 4.8). The respective scores for physical disability (D1), psychological disability (D2), and handicap (H) were 10.47 ± 4.84, 11.32 ± 5.38, and 12.45 ± 4.50, respectively. The lowest score was recorded for psychological discomfort (P2) (7.51 ± 4.11). Conclusion: Removable partial denture patients showed minimum problems with mastication, social compromise, and functional discomfort. The oral health QoL of removable denture patients is significantly influenced by patient education level, socioeconomic status, medical conditions, smoking, and tobacco use habits.

Comparative Study of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQL) between Different Types of Orthodontic Treatment.

Background and objectives: Although the main objective of any orthodontic treatment is to correct malocclusion, a range of psychosocial and/or esthetic factors drive patients to undergo orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to analyze variations in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL) levels in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment by means of four types of appliances: fixed buccal metal brackets, fixed buccal esthetic/ceramic brackets, fixed lingual brackets, and clear aligners. Material and Methods: The study sample comprised 120 patients aged 18 to 68 years who attended the Orthodontic department at the Dental Clinic of the University of Valencia. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used to measure orthodontic treatment need. Each patient completed three different intervals of the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14): before treatment (T0); six months after placing the orthodontic appliances (T1) and at the end of orthodontic treatment (T2). Results: All groups suffered a reduction in quality of life from T0 to T1 except the metal bracket group which presented the same level for the functional limitation domain (p = 1.000), the lingual bracket group for the psychological discomfort domain (p = 1.000) and clear aligner group for the physical disability domain (p = 0.118) and psychological disability domain (p = 1.000). Nevertheless, quality of life for most domains was similar in all groups at the end of treatment (T2). Conclusions: Patients underwent a significant reduction in quality of life during treatment in comparison with their pre-treatment condition but showed significant improvements at the end of treatment.

Orthognathic surgery in class II patients: a longitudinal study on quality of life, TMD, and psychological aspects.

To evaluate, longitudinally, the impacts of orthognathic surgery in patients with skeletal class II malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and psychological symptoms. Forty-three patients with skeletal class II malocclusion who were submitted to orthognathic surgery were evaluated during their preoperative and postoperative periods. They answered the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and were also diagnosed according to Axes I and II of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). The evolution of OHRQoL and TMD before and after surgery was verified, and the relationships among these variables were found through statistical analysis using Wilcoxon, McNemar, chi-square, and Mann-Whitney tests, with a 5% significance level. The median of the overall OHIP-14 score and five domains decreased after orthognathic surgery (p< 0.05), the functional limitation domain increased (p= 0.014), and the physical disability domain did not show an association (p= 0.133). There were improvements in articular pain (p= 0.016), chronic pain (p= 0.019), and nonspecific physical symptoms excluding pain (p= 0.013). In addition, an association was found between poorer OHRQoL (overall scale and domains) and the Axis II variables of the RDC/TMD (p< 0.05). Orthognathic surgery improved perceived OHRQoL, articular pain, and chronic pain. The conditions of Axis II of the RDC/TMD interfered with OHRQoL postoperatively. Although orthognathic surgery improves QoL and some TMD conditions in skeletal class II patients, poorer postoperative outcomes are observed when psychological conditions are present.

Functional oral health-related quality of life impact: A systematic review in populations with tooth loss.

Patients perceive the impact of oral disorder in four major areas, the dimensions of oral health-related quality life (OHRQoL) Oral Function, Orofacial Pain, Orofacial Appearance, and Psychosocial Impact. The functional aspect is essential given the need of chewing, biting, speech and swallowing. The objective of this study was to identify OHRQoL information for dental subjects with functional oral health problems. In a systematic review, distinct and clinically relevant groups of dental subject samples, in this study called "population groups," with such functional OHRQoL information based on the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) were identified (PROSPERO registration: CRD42017064033). The search strategy was "Oral Health Impact Profile" or OHIP. Searches were conducted in the PubMed interface of the Medline database, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL and PsyINFO on 8 June 2017 and updated on 14 January 2019. Published OHIP domain data of different versions were recalculated into OHIP-14`s Physical Disability domain score, characterising the subject's Oral Function impact. 3,653 potentially abstracts were screened. We identified 78 publications reporting dimensional information on 154 subject samples with 52 populations. A typical mean functional impact for partially dentate subjects was 1.6 units on a 0 to 8 unit metric, while for edentate subjects, the mean functional impact was 2.6 units. The functional impact score ranged from 0 to 7.9 units with 50% of the patient samples located between 0.8 and 2.6 units. For the first time, we provide normalised and therefore comparable metric information about the functional OHRQoL impact for a substantial number of functional oral conditions.

Cognitive processing speed in multiple sclerosis clinical practice: association with patient-reported outcomes, employment and magnetic resonance imaging metrics.

To analyze the relationship between cognitive processing speed, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), employment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics in a large multiple sclerosis cohort. Cross-sectional clinical data, PROMs, employment and MRI studies within 90days of completion of the Processing Speed Test (PST), a technology-enabled adaptation of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, were collected. MRI was analyzed using semi-automated methods. Correlations of PST score with PROMs and MRI metrics were examined using Spearman's rho. Wilcoxon rank sum testing compared MRI metrics across PST score quartiles and linear regression models identified predictors of PST performance. Effects of employment and depression were also investigated. In 721 patients (mean age 47.6±11.4years), PST scores were significantly correlated with all MRI metrics, including cord atrophy and deep gray matter volumes. Linear regression demonstrated self-reported physical disability, cognitive function, fatigue and social domains (adjusted R2 =0.44, P<0.001) as the strongest clinical predictors of PST score, whereas that of MRI variables included T2 lesion volume, whole-brain fraction and cord atrophy (adjusted R2 =0.42, P<0.001). An inclusive model identified T2 lesion volume, whole-brain fraction, self-reported upper extremity function, cognition and social participation as the strongest predictors of PST score (adjusted R2 =0.51, P<0.001). There was significant effect modification by depression on the relationship between self-reported cognition and PST performance. Employment status was associated with PST scores independent of age and physical disability. The PST score correlates with PROMs, MRI measures of focal and diffuse brain injury, and employment. The PST score is a feasible and meaningful measure for routine multiple sclerosis care.

Temporary deterioration of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in nonextraction and extraction modalities of comprehensive orthodontic treatment in adolescents.

To evaluate the effects of nonextraction and all first premolar extraction modalities of orthodontic treatment on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among adolescents. Sixty-eight adolescents of aged 12-18 years were chosen. Subjects who required nonextraction orthodontic treatment were included in group I, and those who required all first premolar extractions for orthodontic treatment were included in group II. Baseline OHRQoL data (T0) were recorded before the start of treatment. To evaluate the impact of orthodontic treatment on OHRQoL, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was presented to all subjects for retrospective evaluation at 1 month (T1), 3 months (T2), 6 months (T3) and 1 year (T4) after the start of orthodontic treatment and 1 week after completion of orthodontic treatment (T5). At T1 and T2, the physical pain and physical disability domains of OHIP-14 were impacted significantly by comprehensive orthodontic treatment in both groups (P < .001). The negative impact of orthodontic treatment on OHRQoL was maximum at T1 and then slowly recovered to the pretreatment level at T3 in both groups. Recovery of OHIP-14 scores was relatively faster in group I subjects compared to group II subjects. At T1 and T2, social disability and handicap domains were deteriorated significantly in group II subjects compared to group I subjects (P < .01). The severity of OHRQoL deterioration was similar in both modalities of orthodontic treatment, but recovery from negative impacts was relatively slower in the first premolar extraction subjects.

Periodontitis is associated with oral health-related quality of life in individuals with end-stage renal disease.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether periodontitis is independently associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Calibrated examiners assessed 180 adults with ESRD. A full-mouth periodontal examination was performed at six sites on each tooth. Periodontitis was considered a categorical variable (absent, mild/moderate or severe). OHRQoL was assessed using the simplified version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14 ) questionnaire. Adjusted multivariate Poisson regression analysis was used with a conceptual hierarchical approach to calculate the rate ratio (RR) of OHIP14 scores for periodontitis according to the severity categories. In the adjusted model, mild/moderate and severe periodontitis were significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL compared to the absence of periodontitis [RR=1.49 (95% confidence interval: 1.16-1.91) and RR 1.77 (95% CI: 1.36-2.30), respectively]. The adjusted domain-specific analysis revealed that mild/moderate periodontitis significantly impacted the psychological disability domain and severe periodontitis significantly impacted the physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability and psychological disability domains. Periodontitis exerts an influence on OHRQoL in individuals with ESRD, with a more severe condition impacting different domains.

Oral Health Impact Profile-14 as an assessment tool for quality of life in Secondary Burning Mouth Syndrome patients

AbstractObjective: To investigate the impact of burning mouth syndrome on the quality of life by means of Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14) and to compare the OHIP-14 scores in different underlying conditions.Methods: The study was executed at the Department of Oral Diagnosis, Ziauddin College of Dentistry, Ziauddin University from June 2018 until June 2019. Fifty-four individuals suffering from BMS were included in this study out of which 33 were females and 21 were males aged between 18 and 60 years. The individuals were required to fill out a form which included details of their demographics, any known systemic conditions that they were suffering from and details of any medications being taken. The patients were then distributed into different groups according to any comorbid condition or any medications they were taking. The conditions according to which the patients were grouped were diabetes, postmenopause, gastroesophageal reflux disease, Sjogren's syndrome, intake of anti-hypertensives or psychological factors. In addition, patients were interviewed using the Oral Health Impact Profile 14(OHIP-14). For the statistical analysis, frequencies and percentages were used for categorical data and means and standard deviations were employed for the numerical data. Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to see if associated conditions had an effect on the severity of BMS measured in terms of Oral Health Impact Profile 14.Results: The scores for the domains of physical pain and physical disability were highest whereas the lowest scores were observed in the categories of psychological discomfort and psychological disability. The data was not homogenous; therefore, the non-parametric test Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out tofind if there was any significant difference in the OHIP scores in the different groups namely diabetes, post-menopause, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Sjogren's syndrome, intake of anti-hypertensives or psychological factors. A p-value of 0.169 was calculated indicating that there were no significant differencesobserved in the OHIP-14 scores among the different groups.Conclusion: Burning mouth syndrome has a negative impact on the quality of life according to the OHIP-14 scores. However, associated comorbid or other underlying conditions namely diabetes, post-menopause, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Sjogren's syndrome, intake of anti-hypertensives or psychological factors did not alter the OHIP-14 results significantly.

Assessment of factors influencing oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with removable dental prosthesis.

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate factors affecting oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients using removable dental prosthesis.Methods:The present study employed a cross sectional analytical design. A total of 200 patients participated and interviewed using a cross sectional analytical design. In the first section of the questionnaire patients were asked about demographic data whereas the second part of the questionnaire assessed medical history, oral habits, smoking status, oral hygiene habits and frequency of dental visit. The questionnaire also collected information regarding patient’s removable prosthesis. Questionnaire of OHIP-DENT (Oral Health Impact Profile) was also employed to measure oral health quality of life (OHRQoL) on the domains of functional limitation (FL), physical pain (P1), psychological discomfort (P2), physical disability (D1), psychological disability (D2), social disability (D3) and handicap (H). Relationships between the demographic, socio-economic and education variables and others OHIP-EDENT scores were explored by comparing mean scores by applying ANOVA.Results:The study participants comprised of 107 males (53.5%) and 93 females (46.5%). Regarding oral care, participants reporting to visit their dentist within one year were 40.0%. The highest score was recorded for the functional limitation (FL) domain (15.62±6.6), followed by social disability (D3) (15.23±5.06) and physical pain (P1) (14.28±4.8). The respective scores for physical (D1) and psychological disability (D2) and handicap (H) were 10.47±4.84, 11.32±5.38 and 12.45±4.50 respectively.Conclusions:Removable partial denture patients showed minimum problems with mastication, social compromise and functional discomfort. The oral health quality of life of removable denture patients is significantly influenced by patient education level, socio-economic status, medical conditions, smoking and tobacco use habits.