Physical Content Research Articles

Spectral discrimination of crops and weeds using deep learning assisted by wavelet transform and statistical preprocessing

Abstract Automatic detection and removal of weeds is a challenging task that requires precise sensors. While crops and weeds possess similar features in terms of appearance, they can be discriminated based on spectral information. This can be done because any object has its own specific spectral signature based on its physical structure and chemical contents. This study examined the use of wavelet transform and deep learning for discrimination of weeds from crops. A total of 626 spectral reflectances in the range of 380 to 1,000 nm were obtained for three crops (cucumber [Cucumis sativus L.], tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L.], and bell pepper [Capsicum annuum L.]) and five different weeds (bindweed [Convolvulus spp.], purple nutsedge [Cyperus rotundus L.], narrowleaf plantain [Plantago lanceolata L.], common cinquefoil [Potentilla simplex Michx.], and garden sorrel [Rumex acetosa L.]). Morse wavelet was employed to decompose the spectra and extract the scalograms, which are the RGB representations of the spectral data. Two deep convolutional neural networks (i.e., GoogLeNet and SqueezNet) were employed for the recognition of crops and weeds. In addition, six common classifiers, including linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, linear support vector machine, quadratic support vector machine, artificial neural networks, and k-nearest neighbors classifier (KNN), were used for the task of crop/weed discrimination to build the comparison with the proposed method. The error of prediction gradually decreased, and a 100% correct classification was achieved after 258 iterations. Analysis showed that SqueezNet provided classification of 100% accuracy, while GoogLeNet’s accuracy was 97.8% for the test set. Among the common classifiers, KNN provided the highest accuracy (i.e., 100%). This study showed that the proposed method can be successfully utilized for classification of crops and weeds.

Searching Across Realities: Investigating ERPs and Eye-Tracking Correlates of Visual Search in Mixed Reality.

Mixed Reality allows us to integrate virtual and physical content into users' environments seamlessly. Yet, how this fusion affects perceptual and cognitive resources and our ability to find virtual or physical objects remains uncertain. Displaying virtual and physical information simultaneously might lead to divided attention and increased visual complexity, impacting users' visual processing, performance, and workload. In a visual search task, we asked participants to locate virtual and physical objects in Augmented Reality and Augmented Virtuality to understand the effects on performance. We evaluated search efficiency and attention allocation for virtual and physical objects using event-related potentials, fixation and saccade metrics, and behavioral measures. We found that users were more efficient in identifying objects in Augmented Virtuality, while virtual objects gained saliency in Augmented Virtuality. This suggests that visual fidelity might increase the perceptual load of the scene. Reduced amplitude in distractor positivity ERP, and fixation patterns supported improved distractor suppression and search efficiency in Augmented Virtuality. We discuss design implications for mixed reality adaptive systems based on physiological inputs for interaction.

MUTU ORGANOLEPTIK DAN KOMPOSISI GIZI SOSIS TETELAN IKAN TUNA (Thunnus sp)

Tuna swallow contains high protein but has the disadvantage of smelling fishy. Tuna swallow is usually sold cheaply and is underutilized, while its potential is quite large. Therefore it is necessary to diversify processed fishery products to increase the utilization or added value of tuna fish, one of which is the manufacture of fish sausages. The purpose of this study was to determine the organoleptic quality and nutritional composition of tuna fish sausage (Thunnus sp).The study used an experimental method with three different concentrations of tuna fillet meat to obtain the physical form and good quality content of tuna fish sausage based on organoleptic test results and nutritional content test results using the proximate analysis method. Based on the results of the research on the best organoleptic quality, there was treatment A1 with an appearance value of 7.6, smell of 7.1, taste of 7.4 and texture of 7.0. While the best proximate value or nutritional composition is found in A3 with a value of 19.9% ​​protein content, 1.4% fat content, 7.2% carbohydrate content, 70.4% water content and 0.8% ash content.

Fermionized dual vortex theory for magnetized kagomé spin liquid

Abstract Inspired by the recent quantum oscillation measurement on the kagomé lattice antiferromagnet in finite magnetic fields, we raise the question about the physical contents of the emergent fermions and the gauge fields if the U(1) spin liquid is relevant for the finite-field kagomé lattice antiferromagnet. Clearly, the magnetic field is non-perturbative in this regime, and the finite-field state has no direct relation with the U(1) Dirac spin liquid proposal at zero field. We here consider the fermionized dual vortex liquid state as one possible candidate theory to understand the magnetized kagomé spin liquid. Within the dual vortex theory, the $S^z$ magnetization is the emergent U(1) gauge flux, and the fermionized dual vortex is the emergent fermion. The magnetic field polarizes the spin component that modulates the U(1) gauge flux for the fermionized vortices and generates the quantum oscillation. Within the mean-field theory, we discuss the gauge field correlation, the vortex-antivortex continuum and the vortex thermal Hall effect.

Investigating the physical characteristics and antibacterial properties of the cork back from Quercus variabilis

This study presents for the first time results on structure feature, basic physical properties, torrefaction treatment, adsorption property, component content and antimicrobial properties of the cork back from Quercus variabilis. The cork back consisted of numerous white stone cell bundles with a dense and firm texture and irregularly shaped cells exhibiting considerable deformation and wrinkles. The cork back had the average density of 0.37 g/cm3, average hardness of 91.60 HA and the average thickness was 31.44 % of the total cork thickness. The average colorimetric parameters values of L*, a*, and b* of the cork back were 21.92, 2.34, and 6.42, respectively. Increasing torrefaction temperature increased the quality loss of the cork back, decreased energy yield and volatile matter content, and increased ash and fixed carbon content. With the elevation of fixed carbon, the higher calorific value of the cork back also increased. Following high-temperature torrefaction at 300 °C, the higher calorific value of cork back was 24.00 MJ/kg which increased by 30.29 % compared to untreated cork back. The cork back powder had significant adsorption performance for methylene blue and the maximum adsorption capacity could reach 511.61 mg/g. Compared with cork，the cork back had a high content of lignin and polysaccharides, with a suberin content of only 4.07 %. The total extractives content in cork back was 7.49 %. The water extractives of the cork back exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, with the lowest inhibitory concentration recorded at 2 mg/mL. This research offers essential data for the processing and utilization of the cork back, which contributes to enhance the utilizing efficiency of cork resources.

The TPACK Physics Learning Video: Forming 21st Century Skills in Physics Learning

Abstract The 21st century learning process in schools emphasizes soft skills. To support the learning process in schools, learning videos are needed that present physics content in a learning process. This article publishes the results of research and development of physics learning videos. This physics learning video presents physics learning in stages that train creativity and critical thinking skills. The physics content is a Static Fluid presented with the TPACK framework. This physics learning video uses Lee & Owens research and development stages. Product feasibility is assessed using a questionnaire by experts. The components assessed are the suitability of physics content, the suitability of the learning process, the suitability of physics learning media on static fluid concepts. Sequentially, it received an assessment of 95.0% for physics content, 98.0% for the learning process, 100.0% for video media. The implementation of TPACK for the learning process in learning video products has made it easier for students to practice their critical thinking skills and increase their creativity.

Диэлектрическая модель влажных почв для территории юга Западной Сибири в диапазоне частот 3 МГц – 1 ГГц

The wet soil's dielectric model whose input parameters are frequency, volumetric moisture content, and physical clay content are presented. This model was developed based on statistical analysis of dielectric permettivity data for five soil samples with differ partical size distribution from steppe and forest-steppe climate zones within the territory of southern Western Siberia. A comparison of dielectric data obtained empirically and calculated using the model for one type of soil is carried out. The obtained results will find application in assessing the radiophysical characteristics of the underlying surface in the frequency range from 3 MHz to 1 GHz.

BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDY OF GENERIC SALBUTAMOL TABLETS WITH LOGO AND BRANDED GENERIC

Salbutamol is a medication that stimulates beta receptors, particularly beta agonists, which are widely used as a remedy for sudden asthma attacks and those triggered by physical exercise due to its potent and rapid bronchodilating properties. These medications are known as short-acting beta-agonists (SABA). The purpose of this study was to examine in detail the significant differences in dissolution and absorption rates associated with the active ingredient in two pharmaceutically equivalent drug products, and to compare them to determine their bioequivalence. The research methodology involved experimental studies using a quantitative approach, including tests of physical quality, content determination, and dissolution testing. The results of the physical quality test for the uniformity of salbutamol tablet sizes showed that generic branded tablets, brand A, brand C, and brand D had a thickness of 0.10 cm ± 0 and a diameter of 0.50 cm ± 0, brand B had a thickness of 0.20 cm ± 0 and a diameter of 0.60 cm ± 0, and brand E had a thickness of 0.10 cm ± 0 and a diameter of 0.40 cm ± 0. The weight uniformity test results indicated that none of the generic branded tablets, brand B, or brand D deviated from columns A (7.5%) and B (15%), whereas none of the tablets from brands A, C, or E deviated from columns A (10%) and B (20%) ...

The Effect of Using the Word Search Inquiry Model on Conceptual Understanding and Self-Efficacy in Global Warming Physics Content

The Effect of Using the Word Search Inquiry Model on Conceptual Understanding and Self-Efficacy in Global Warming Physics Content

Digilite Content Management System Digital Library Lite

Digital library is a system that organizes and provides access to digital information content. Unlike conventional publishing, which has physical content like books, journals, and journals, digital publishing offers content in electronic format that can be accessed through a computer or other device connected to the internet. It allows users to search, download, and create various types of content, such as e-books, articles, videos, and more, from various sources. In the rapidly evolving digital era, effective and efficient content management is crucial for organizations, businesses, and individuals who want to build online presence. Content Management Systems (CMS) are a useful tool for creating, editing, and distributing content on the web without technical knowledge about coding. CMS provides user-friendly tools, allowing users to easily use text, images, videos, and other elements in their sites. Web-based digital library is a platform that uses CMS to create and distribute content without requiring technical knowledge. Users can search, download, and create digital content from various sources connected to the internet. CMS also provides a user-friendly interface and allows users to manage content efficiently, making it an ideal solution for various web publishing needs, from personal blogs to large business portals. Digital library is designed for ease of use and infrastructure, avoiding various issues. It can help create a modern, literate culture and contribute to the development of a more efficient and user-friendly system.

Use of Intervention Mapping to Adapt a Psychologically Informed Physical Therapy Telerehabilitation Intervention for Latino Persons With Chronic Spine Pain

The need for culturally tailored pain care is well-recognized, yet few studies report how existing interventions can be adapted to the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse populations. This report describes a formative mixed-methods approach using intervention mapping-adapt and the expanded framework for reporting adaptations and modifications to evidence-based interventions to adapt and report modifications of an existing physical therapy intervention for Latino persons with chronic spine pain in Federally Qualified Health clinics in the southwestern United States. Mixed methods included literature reviews, patient surveys, an Adaptation Advisory Panel, and sequential case series with semistructured interviews. Six steps of intervention mapping-adapt guided the adaptation process and adaptations were prospectively documented with framework for reporting adaptations and modifications to evidence-based interventions. A needs assessment revealed an absence of culturally tailored physical therapy interventions for Latino persons with chronic spine pain in the United States. An intervention logic model and review of the sociocultural context guided the selection of essential interventions, determinants of behavior change, and outcomes. An existing cognitive behavioral-based physical therapy telerehabilitation intervention was selected for adaptation based on accessibility and strong congruency with the logic model. An Adaptation Advisory Panel planned and evaluated iterative adaptations of the cognitive behavioral-based physical therapy intervention content, activities, delivery, materials, and design. The adapted Goal-Oriented Activity for Latino persons with Spine pain intervention aimed to reduce pain intensity and disability through patient-centered goal setting in physical and cognitive treatment domains. Sequential case series supported feasibility and acceptability of the adapted intervention in the target population. PerspectiveWe describe adaptation and reporting of an evidence-based physical therapy intervention for a culturally and linguistically diverse population. Greater rigor and transparency using tools such as intervention mapping-adapt and framework for reporting adaptations and modifications to evidence-based interventions will accelerate efforts to reduce ethnic and racial disparities in pain rehabilitation.

‘Teaching should always be a little bit interesting for the teachers, too’: Preceptor experiences of co-teaching ultrasound in a clinical skills course

Purpose Medical schools increasingly incorporate ultrasound into preclinical curricula but face barriers including financial constraints, shortages of qualified instructors, and limited curricular space. This study explored how integrating ultrasound co-teaching into an existing first-year clinical skills course influenced preceptors’ teaching experiences and characterized areas for curricular improvement. Methods Ultrasound instructors rotated through classrooms during small-group physical examination skills sessions with 110 medical students, joining physical examination preceptors who taught remaining session content. Twelve ultrasound and traditional preceptors’ experiences were characterized through focus group interviews paired with inductive thematic analysis. Results Four themes were identified. First, the shared classroom fostered vicarious learning and novel instruction techniques but could feel disruptive to teaching. Second, ultrasound integration prompted physical examination preceptors to adopt a learner role. Third, students appeared to associate ultrasound with anatomy and physiology more than physical examination. Finally, ultrasound integration carries multiple logistical considerations. Conclusions Co-teaching ultrasound within clinical skills courses can promote learning and was associated with multiple effects on faculty preceptors and the teaching process. Those planning similar initiatives should consider strategies to optimize preceptor experiences, minimize disruptive potential, and promote connections between ultrasound and physical examination content.

The EORTC QLQ breast modules and the FACT-B for assessing quality of life in breast cancer patients - an updated literature review.

Two commonly used quality of life questionnaires in breast cancer are EORTC QLQ-BR23, the FACT-B, and the extended FACT-B+4. More recently, the EORTC EORTC QLQ-BR42 was developed. This systematic review compares the various versions of the EORTC QLQ and FACT tools for breast cancer in terms of their content, validity, and psychometric properties. Thirty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. All questionnaires have been proven to be valid, reliable and responsive. The provisional EORTC QLQ-BR45 transitioned to the EORTC QLQ-BR42 in Phase IV of its development, which encompasses the side effects associated with the latest breast cancer treatments. Both the EORTC and FACT measures assess physical and mental dimensions of quality of life, with the EORTC measure placing relatively more emphasis on physical content and FACT placing relatively more emphasis on mental (social and emotional) content. The four additional items in the FACT-B+4 were developed to address arm lymphoedema following axillary surgery. The development and uptake of quality of life tools are essential in the evaluation of breast cancer treatments. The EORTC QLQ-BR42 and FACT-B are both valid, reliable, and responsive QoL questionnaires.

Intrinsic relations among chemistry, physics and mathematics in the brazilian high school: a theoretical-methodological approach

This paper reports an investigation into the dialogical relation among significant learning experiences of Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics contents in an interdisciplinary context. It aimed at answering the following questions that are relevant to the field of Exact Sciences: why do students show little interest in these courses?; where is the problem?; did Chemistry and Physics abandon Mathematics when they started to focus more on qualitative and theoretical concepts than on quantitative ones?; and how can the three courses work together to make both teaching and learning processes easier?. This study presented an actual overview of the Brazilian High School by highlighting strengths and weaknesses from the perspective of Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics teaching. The Brazilian educational scenario showed again that the three courses are the ones that students enjoy the least. The research methodology had a qualitative focus since it had an interpretative and descriptive nature. Answers given to the questions may be found in the text intertwined with some worrisome reflections, which also include the triad teacher-student-educational system. Results showed that further studies are needed to find out the reasons for multiple difficulties found in the intrinsic relations among Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics. It is disappointing to know that no satisfactory practical solution has been proposed so far. Everything has been kept in the educational ideal described by research articles, chapters and motivational quotes.

Investigating Obstacles to the Development of Physical Education in the Schools of the 6th District of Kabul City

Sports and physical education are considered vital necessities for learners, teachers of physical education, and other members of society. Physical education is present during the stages of human life through daily activities and is related to the lives of both teachers and students. Physical education skills are important for the development of nervous, physical, and motor skills, as well as for the growth of body muscles and the strengthening of the circulatory, digestive, and respiratory systems. Therefore, it was felt necessary to conduct a detailed investigation. The research aims to identify the professional needs of physical education teachers and to uncover the problems they face, along with possible solutions. Given the importance of physical education in improving athletes' performance, it is crucial to address issues in teaching physical education content in schools.

Summary of Best Evidence to Address Kinesiophobia Post Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: An Evidence-Based Review.

The objective of this study is to systematically explore and summarize the best evidence on intervention programs for patients with kinesophobia following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to provide a comprehensive reference for clinical practice interventions. Evidence on interventions for kinesophobia post-PCI was retrieved from Chinese and international integrated databases, treatment guidelines, and websites of professional associations, including systematic reviews and expert consensuses. The evidence considered in this study extends up to May 2022, encompassing information available since the inception of the databases. Two researchers independently evaluated the articles included in the review and extracted and summarized the available evidence. By extracting and integrating data from the 14 articles included in this review, we identified six categories: pre-intervention assessment, psychological intervention, health education, rehabilitation training, social support, and quality control. A total of 21 pieces of evidence were summarized, including mental health assessment, physical fitness evaluation, timing and content of health education, development of personalized exercise prescriptions, and risk control. In clinical settings, using evidence-based practices requires developing feasible intervention programs based on comprehensive consideration of hospital resources, allocation of medical personnel, and consideration of patients' preferences to reduce the kinesophobia of patients post-PCI and improve their compliance with exercise rehabilitation.

Analysis of Water Quality in the Aik Nyet Natural Tourist Attraction, Buwun Sejati Village, West Lombok Regency

Water quality is a condition that indicates the quality of water in a body of water, water sources and river basins. Water quality requires testing and analysis by considering its physical conditions, chemical content, and biology. Aik Nyet natural tourist attraction is one of the famous water sources in the Lombok area, West Nusa Tenggara. Bathing and swimming activities in this area can potentially cause pollution of water quality, but until now there has been no information regarding the quality of water in this natural tourist attraction. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the quality of water in the Aik Nyet Natural Tourist Attraction, Sesaot Resort, KPHL Rinjani Barat, Lombok. Water quality is assessed using Class Two water quality standards in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Environment No. 115 of 2003, alongside identification using the US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) system. Sampling was performed at three distinct points to analyze physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The results of the analysis showed that several parameters such as temperature, pH, ammonia levels, and the number of E. coli bacteria met the quality standards, while the chemical parameters DO and BOD showed mild pollution

Entanglement and Generalized Berry Geometrical Phases in Quantum Gravity

A new formalism is introduced that makes it possible to elucidate the physical and geometric content of quantum space–time. It is based on the Minimum Group Representation Principle (MGRP). Within this framework, new results for entanglement and geometrical/topological phases are found and implemented in cosmological and black hole space–times. Our main results here are as follows: (i) We find the Berry phases for inflation and for the cosmological perturbations and express them in terms of the observables, such as the spectral scalar and tensor indices, nS and nT, and the tensor-to-scalar ratio r. The Berry phase for de Sitter inflation is imaginary with the sign describing the exponential acceleration. (ii) The pure entangled states in the minimum group (metaplectic) Mp(n) representation for quantum de Sitter space–time and black holes are found. (iii) For entanglement, the relation between the Schmidt type representation and the physical states of the Mp(n) group is found: This is a new non-diagonal coherent state representation complementary to the known Sudarshan diagonal one. (iv) Mean value generators of Mp(2) are related to the adiabatic invariant and topological charge of the space–time, (matrix element of the transition −∞<t<∞). (v) The basic even and odd n-sectors of the Hilbert space are intrinsic to the quantum space–time and its discrete levels (in particular, continuum for n→∞), they do not require any extrinsic generation process such as the standard Schrodinger cat states, and are entangled. (vi) The gravity or cosmological on one side and another of the Planck scale are entangled. Examples: The quantum primordial trans-Planckian de Sitter vacuum and the classical late de Sitter vacuum today; the central quantum gravity region and the external classical gravity region of black holes. The classical and quantum dual gravity regions of the space–time are entangled. (vii) The general classical-quantum gravity duality is associated with the Metaplectic Mp(n) group symmetry which provides the complete full covering of the phase space and of the quantum space–time mapped from it.

Effects of Knowledge of Mathematics on Student’s Performance in Physics in Senior Secondary Schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria

This study examined the effects of knowledge of mathematics on student’s performance in physics in senior secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The sample size for this study consisted of Forty (40) secondary school physics students from two public schools were randomly selected in Ikere Local Government Area of Ekiti State. Self-Structured Test was used for data collection. The Pearson Correlation statistical and t-test tools were used to test all the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed that knowledge in Mathematics helps to provide a basic foundation for study of physics. Thereby, allows learners to have better understanding of physics contents and improve their procedural knowledge to inter-relate various symbols during solving of physics problems. Student’s mathematics knowledge should be lay more emphasis on because it helps in others aspect of sciences, students demonstrate conceptual understanding when they provide evidence that they can recognize, it also helps to develop their procedural and problem solving skills. Students absent during Mathematics class might lack knowledge which can leave lasting impact on them. In line with the findings of the study, appropriate recommendations were made.

Effect of gels on estimating the chemical and physical content of raw and boiled chicken leg meat (drumstick)

Effect of gels on estimating the chemical and physical content of raw and boiled chicken leg meat (drumstick)