Physical Conditioning Program Research Articles

Efficacy of a Therapeutic Pelvic Yoga Program Versus a Physical Conditioning Program on Urinary Incontinence in Women : A Randomized Trial.

Pelvic floor yoga has been recommended as a complementary treatment strategy for urinary incontinence (UI) in women, but evidence of its efficacy is lacking. To evaluate the effects of a therapeutic pelvic floor yoga program versus a nonspecific physical conditioning program on UI in women. Randomized trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03672461). Three study sites in California, United States. Ambulatory women aged 45 years or older reporting daily urgency-, stress-, or mixed-type UI. Twelve-week program of twice-weekly group instruction and once-weekly self-directed practice of pelvic floor-specific Hatha yoga techniques (pelvic yoga) versus equivalent-time instruction and practice of general skeletal muscle stretching and strengthening exercises (physical conditioning). Total and type-specific UI frequency assessed by 3-day voiding diaries. Among the 240 randomly assigned women (age range, 45 to 90 years), mean baseline UI frequency was 3.4 episodes per day (SD, 2.2), including 1.9 urgency-type episodes per day (SD, 1.9) and 1.4 stress-type episodes per day (SD, 1.7). Over a 12-week time period, total UI frequency (primary outcome) decreased by an average of 2.3 episodes per day with pelvic yoga and 1.9 episodes per day with physical conditioning (between-group difference of -0.3 episodes per day [95% CI, -0.7 to 0.0]). Urgency-type UI frequency decreased by 1.2 episodes per day in the pelvic yoga group and 1.0 episode per day in the physical conditioning group (between-group difference of -0.3 episodes per day [CI, -0.5 to 0.0]). Reductions in stress-type UI frequency did not differ between groups (-0.1 episodes per day [CI, -0.3 to 0.3]). No comparison to no treatment or other clinical UI treatments; conversion to videoconference-based intervention instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. A 12-week pelvic yoga program was not superior to a general muscle stretching and strengthening program in reducing clinically important UI in midlife and older women with daily UI. National Institutes of Health.

Impact of a 12-wk physical conditioning program on the aerobic capacity of aviation cadets.

Flight cadets need to have good physical fitness to cope with the challenges of flying missions. The continuous development of science and technology has led to the constant upgrading of fighter jets and the improvement of their performance, which has resulted in new and higher requirements for the physical fitness of flight personnel. The traditional physical training mode, method, and assessment have been used for many years and do not meet current fitness needs. To investigate the impact of a 12-wk comprehensive anti-G fitness training program on the aerobic capacity of aviation cadets and to evaluate its effectiveness. Fifty-five cadets were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups using a randomized, single-blind design. The control group maintained their existing training regimen, while the experimental group participated in a 12-wk comprehensive training intervention. The training program comprised strength training twice per week, high-intensity interval training three times per week, and supplemental nutritional and psychological support. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), lower limb strength, and hemoglobin levels were measured at baseline, at 6 wk and 12 wk post-intervention. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences of both VO2max and relative VO2 in both groups across time points (P < 0.05). However, no significant time-group interaction was observed (P > 0.05). Paired t-tests comparing baseline and 12-wk results showed that VO2max and relative VO2 were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05). This suggests that the training program effectively enhanced the aerobic capacity of the experimental group. Key indicators of aerobic capacity, bilateral lower limb strength and hemoglobin levels, were also significantly different over time and between groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences were noted in heart-rate metrics (P > 0.05). A 12-wk comprehensive anti-G fitness training program significantly improved the aerobic capacity of aviation cadets, thereby enhancing their overall capacity and laying a physiological foundation for enduring high-G flights.

Effects of a mat Pilates-based exercise program for low back pain in helicopter pilots of the Brazilian Air Force: Randomized controlled trial

IntroductionHelicopter pilots may present chronic low back pain due to vibration exposure and asymmetric posture during flight. ObjectivesTo analyze the effects of a Pilates-based exercise program on low back pain of helicopter pilots of the Brazilian Air Force. MethodsThis is a randomized controlled trial with fifteen helicopter pilots of the Brazilian Air Force, who were assessed for pain intensity (Numerical Pain Rating Scale), disability associated with low back pain, and spine muscle endurance in three positions: trunk extension (Ito test) and left and right lateral bridge. Individuals were randomly distributed into the regular exercises group (REG) (n = 7), oriented to maintain their exercise routine, and Pilates group (PG) (n = 8), which performed an exercise program based on Pilates method twice a week for 12 weeks. Reassessments occurred after 6 and 12 weeks. Data were analyzed on SPSS 20.0 software using a significance level of 5%. ResultsPG showed a significant reduction in low back pain after 12 weeks of training compared with REG (mean difference of 3.5 points, p < 0.0001). We also observed increased endurance of trunk extensors (p = 0.002) and right (p = 0.001) and left lateral muscles (p = 0.001) in the PG compared with REG. However, the indexes of disability did not change between groups. ConclusionPain intensity was significantly reduced while spine muscle endurance increased in PG compared with REG after intervention; thus, Pilates-based exercises should be considered in physical conditioning programs for helicopter pilots.

Optimizing Physical Conditioning Programs for Badminton Athletes: A Comprehensive Review of Training Strategies - A Systematic Review

Study Background and Objectives: The performance of international badminton athletes is shaped by a blend of physical, psychological, technical, and tactical factors. This study seeks to systematically analyze these essential elements, driven by the imperative to comprehend critical factors for crafting optimized training programs to achieve peak performance efficiently and effectively.Materials and Methods: This study used a systematic approach to review various literature sources, journal articles, and empirical studies related to the achievements of badminton athletes at the international level. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to ensure that only high-quality studies were included in the analysis. The data collected was then comprehensively analyzed to identify critical factors that consistently influence badminton athlete performance. Results: This systematic analysis reveals that the main factors influencing badminton athletes' achievements at the international level involve a combination of physical, psychological, technical, and tactical aspects. Physical strength, mental resilience, technical expertise, and a deep tactical understanding proved essential in achieving success in the sport. A deep understanding of match dynamics, emotional management, and adaptation to the opponent's tactics were also found to be keys to success. Conclusion: The results of this analysis provide a holistic view of the factors that significantly influence the performance of badminton athletes at the international level. The practical implications include the development of more focused and adaptive training programs, as well as more intensive psychological approaches. These conclusions provide an essential contribution for coaches, researchers, and decision-makers in badminton to improve athletes' potential and results at the international level. Keywords: Physical Conditioning, Badminton Athletes, Training Program, Conditioning Strategy, Systematic Review.

Effects of a Physical Conditioning Program for Students in the Area of Health

Durante la pandemia las actividades físicas no cumplieron con las mismas exigencias que durante la presencialidad. La postpandemia implicó desafíos en el área de la actividad física y la salud. Frente a este escenario se realizó un estudio de carácter cuantitativo en la asignatura de formación general en una universidad privada de Chile durante el período académico 2022. La muestra fue de 40 estudiantes de carreras del área de la salud. La metodología fue de tipo descriptivo, experimental y no aleatorizado. En los resultados obtenidos se evidenció una mejora en la calidad del sueño y en las actividades propias diarias.

EXERGAMES AND CARDIOVASCULAR AND MOTOR ADAPTATIONS IN FEMALE ADOLESCENTES: AN INTERVENTION STUDY

Objective: to analyze the contribution of a physical conditioning program with exergames on postural control and to compare cardiovascular autonomic function among female adolescents.&#x0D; Methods: longitudinal study with overweight and non-overweight female adolescents, aged between 10 and 16 years, submitted to two assessments, when heart rate variability (HRV) and postural control were investigated during participation in the conditioning program with exergames&#x0D; Results: HRV indices for the time domain (RMSS and SDNN), showed significant differences between the pre and post moments of the program with exergames (14.67 [5.86; 22.72]; 12.38 [4, 82; 20.88]), respectively. In postural conditions BPA/AO open base with parallel feet and open eyes (0.19 [0.05; 0.32]), BTD/AO (semi-tandem base with straight forward foot and open eyes) (-0.17 [-0.32; -0.01]), BTD/OF (semi-tandem base with straight forward feet and eyes closed) (-0.21 [-0.38; -0.04]) and BTE/OF (semi-tandem base with left foot forward and eyes closed) (-0.2 [-0.38; -0.02]) differences were found between the pre and post moments of the muscle activation values of the flexor and extensor muscles of the ankle. The same adjustments were not identified for the overweight group. The total displacement of the pressure center in the BTD/AO postures (0.19 [0.02; 0.36]) in the eutrophic group (with adequate weight), and in the BTE/OF (0.77 [0.18; 1.41]) in the overweight group, in pre and post comparisons, statistically significant differences were found.&#x0D; Conclusion: exergames can contribute to physiological adaptations to cardiovascular and motor levels in adolescents.&#x0D;

Benefits Of Vertical Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty In The Treatment Of Obesity Through A Physical Conditioning Program Before And After The Endoscopic Procedure

Benefits Of Vertical Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty In The Treatment Of Obesity Through A Physical Conditioning Program Before And After The Endoscopic Procedure

Post Facilitation Stretch over Trapezius and Suboccipital Region Along with Cervical Mobilization in Patient with Chronic Neck Pain: A Case Report

Stretching seeks to increase performance by promoting flexibility. In addition to muscle strength and endurance training, flexibility training is a crucial part of physical conditioning programs. A joints or group of joints’ potential range of motion can be used to describe flexibility. Post-facilitation stretching techniques are important to increase muscle flexibility and may be the technique of choice in therapeutic practice. It uses a mechanical stimulus in order to trigger several neurophysiological responses, which may include hypoalgesia sympathetic responses, neuromuscular adaptations, kinesthetic sensibility improvements and changes in biomarkers levels. A 28-year male patient came to OPD with pain in suboccipital region and right-side upper neck since last 6 days. He was having history of heavy weight lifting in gym and due to repeated weight lifting patient is having severe pain. On observation patient right shoulder is elevated due to hyperactive right upper trapezius muscle. Tenderness is present over suboccipital region and over right upper trapezius. On examination left cervical side flexion Range of motion is restricted and having spasm of upper trapezius and suboccipital muscles. Physiotherapy treatment was given for 6 days. This case report shows the application of post facilitation stretching over upper right-side trapezius and suboccipital muscle along with cervical spine mobilization to have a greater improvement.

Adverse health events and recommended health research priorities in agility dogs as reported by dog owners.

To understand relative frequency of adverse health events, defined as injuries or infectious diseases, in dogs participating in agility and to determine health research priorities of agility dog owners. An internet-based questionnaire distributed to agility dog owners included items related to experiences with infectious diseases and injuries in agility dogs, reasons for retirement of dogs from competition, and ranking of health research priorities. Frequencies of infectious diseases in US geographic regions were compared with Chi-square tests. Research priority rankings were determined as median and interquartile range (IQR) for each topic. Rank-based tests (Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney) compared rankings between participants in different agility organizations, between veterinarian and non-veterinarian competitors, and between respondents who had competed in national championship events and other respondents. There were 1,322 respondents who had competed in canine agility in the previous 6 months, with those respondents reporting a median time competing in the sport of 13 years (IQR = 8-20 years); 50% of respondents had competed in at least one national championship agility event in the preceding 5 years. Overall, 1,015 respondents (77%) indicated that one or more of their dogs had been injured and approximately one-third (n = 477, 36%) indicated that one or more dogs had likely acquired one or more infectious diseases as a result of agility activities. Specific types of infectious diseases acquired varied by geographic region in the US. Research priority rankings were similar regardless of preferred agility organization or respondent experience. The highest-ranking research topics were identification of risk factors for specific types of injuries, improvements in equipment and understanding of safe course design, and physical conditioning programs to prevent injury. Agility competitors prioritize research in areas that advance understanding of injury prevention in their dogs. Research priorities are nearly uniform among competitors regardless of their preferred agility organization or level of experience, providing a strong rationale for agility organizations to collaborate in research initiatives that improve safety and well-being for dogs competing in the sport. There has been little published research focusing on the high-priority research areas identified by competitors.

Physiological Demands and Muscle Activity of "Track-Work" Riding in Apprentice Jockeys.

To enhance performance in race riding, knowledge of current training workload is required. The objectives of this study were to quantify the physiological demands and profile the muscle activity of jockeys riding track-work. Ten apprentice jockeys and 48 horses were instrumented with heart-rate monitors, accelerometers, and a surface electromyography BodySuit (recording 8 muscle groups: quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteal, lower back, obliques, abdominal, trapezial, and pectoral) that recorded continuously while riding their normal morning track-work. Data were extracted and time matched into 200-m sections for analysis once the jockey reached steady-state canter (6.9m·s-1). Jockeys rode a mean (±SD) of 6 (1) horses each morning over 2.5hours, spending ∼30minutes at a canter (8.8 [ 0.7]m·s-1), with mean heart rate of 129 (11)beats·min-1 and ratings of perceived exertion representing easy-/moderate-intensity exercise. Mean magnitude of horse (0.17 [0.01]m) and jockey center of mass (0.16 [0.02]m) displacement per stride differed from that of the jockey's head (0.11 [0.01]m, P < .05). The majority of horse oscillation was damped in the upper body with a 3-fold reduction in the medio/lateral and fore/aft planes (P < .05), to minimize jockey head movement. Lower-body muscles absorbed horse motion, with core and upper-body muscles important for postural stabilization. The physiological demands of riding track-work were low, with no evidence of fatigue. Future research on jockeys in races as comparison would identify the specific requirements of a jockey-specific physical conditioning program.

A case of low G-tolerance: An approach to aeromedical evaluation and disposal

Conventionally, aircrew who is not able to withstand +7 Gz, 15 s with an anti-G suit (AGS) and anti-G straining maneuver (AGSM) is considered to have low G-tolerance. Aircrew suspected to have low G-tolerance needs to be comprehensively evaluated. This paper highlights our approach to aeromedical evaluation and disposal of a suspected case of low G-tolerance in an under-trainee (U/T) fighter aircrew. A 21-year-old U/T fighter aircrew presented with multiple episodes of gray out/blackout while flying syllabus sorties on exposure to 4.5 G and was not able to pull beyond 5 G. A detailed history did not reveal any likely predisposing factors for reducing G-tolerance. A detailed clinical evaluation did not reveal any organic pathology. During high-performance human centrifuge evaluation, his baseline relaxed (R) and straining (S) GOR and rapid onset rate (ROR) tolerance were found to be 3.2 G (R); 6.3 G (S) and 3 G (R); 4.5 G (S), respectively. He was unable to sustain beyond 6 Gz for the 30 s even with AGS and supervised AGSM. He underwent a 12-week supervised physical conditioning program. Reassessment following 12 weeks revealed a significant improvement in physical strength parameters. However, the aircrew could not withstand 6 G for 30 s even with AGS and supervised AGSM. The aircrew was diagnosed as a case of low G-tolerance and was recommended unfit for fighter flying. Any episode of visual symptoms of loss of consciousness due to G forces is potentially incapacitating in the air. Hence, aircrew suspected to have low G-tolerance needs to comprehensively evaluated. The evaluation should include a careful history to rule out any pre-disposing factors and a detailed clinical assessment to exclude organic disability. Aircrew needs to be indoctrinated on correct AGSM technique and proper fitment of AGS must be ensured during centrifuge evaluation. Before labeling an aircrew as a case of low G-tolerance, he should be assessed for his physical fitness and undergo a supervised physical conditioning program.

Exercise Selection and Common Injuries in Fitness Centers: A Systematic Integrative Review and Practical Recommendations.

Weight resistance training (RT) is an essential component of physical conditioning programs to improve the quality of life and physical fitness in different ages and populations. This integrative review aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between exercise selection and the appearance of musculoskeletal injuries in physical fitness centers (PFC). The PubMed or Medline, EMBASE or Science Direct, Google Scholar and PEDro databases were selected to examine the available literature using a Boolean algorithm with search terms. The review process was performed using the five-stage approach for an integrative review and it was reported according to the PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine and Sports Science (PERSiST) guidelines. A total of 39 peer-reviewed articles (Price index = 71.7%) met the inclusion criteria and evaluated the link between exercise selection and the incidence of injuries in exercisers who regularly attend PFC. Most injuries occur to the shoulders, elbows, vertebrae of the spine, and knees. Although the injury etiologies are multifactorial, the findings of the reviewed articles include the impacts of overuse, short post-exercise recovery periods, poor conditioning in the exercised body areas, frequent use of heavy loads, improper technique in certain exercises, and the abuse of performance- and image-enhancing drugs. Practical recommendations addressed to clinical exercise physiologists, exercise professionals, and health professionals are given in this paper. The exercise selection in RT programs requires professional supervision and adhering to proper lifting techniques and training habits that consider the anatomical and biomechanical patterns of the musculoskeletal structures, as well as genetic, pedagogical, and methodological aspects directly related to the stimulus–response process to mitigate the occurrence of RT-related injuries in PFC.

Profiling the absolute and relative strength of a special operations police unit

BackgroundSpecialist police perform high-risk tasks and are required to have, and maintain, a high level of fitness. The aims of this study were to profile the strength of a specialist police unit and to investigate whether this profile remained constant over an 18-month period.MethodsRetrospective data for 47 special operations police officers (mean initial weight = 88.84 ± 8.25 kg) were provided. Officers were tested five times over 18 months for 1 repetition maximum: bench press, squat, deadlift, and pull-up. All officers continued to participate in their typical physical conditioning programs. Repeated-measures ANOVAs with Bonferroni post-hoc adjustments or Friedman tests with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare strength values across all five time points (TPs). Alpha levels were set at 0.05.ResultsAll strength values increased significantly over the 18-month period. Over the five TPs, absolute squat increased the most (+ 9%: initial mean = 125.79 ± 24.53 kg), followed by absolute bench press (+ 8%: initial mean = 109.67 ± 19.80 kg), absolute deadlift (+ 7%: initial mean = 151.64 ± 26.31 kg) and absolute pull-up (+ 4%: initial mean = 121.43 ± 14.91 kg). Relatively, the highest increase was found with the squat (+ 8%: initial mean = 1.42 ± 0.25%), followed by the bench press (+ 7%: initial mean = 1.24 ± 0.20%), deadlift (+ 6%: initial mean = 1.71 ± 0.25%) then pull-up (+ 4%: initial mean = 1.37 ± 0.15%). The period between TP3 and TP4 yielded the fewest significant increases compared with other TP differences with only absolute bench press (+ 1.7%), absolute squat (+ 1.1%) and relative bench press (+ 1.6%) changing significantly (p < 0.05).ConclusionsSpecialist police can maintain, even increase strength, while serving in specialist units if provided with a Strength and Conditioning coach and time to train. Given changes over time, constant monitoring is required and a single timepoint may not be optimal to establish normative data.

The Role of Padel in Improving Physical Fitness and Health Promotion: Progress, Limitations, and Future Perspectives-A Narrative Review.

Benefits of regular exercise for health are beyond any doubt. However, adherence to regular physical activity is an ongoing challenge. Among the options for exercise engagement, racket sports, and particularly padel, stand as emerging practices for children and adults to have fun, improve physical fitness, and potentially develop motor and cognitive skills. In the last decade, the literature on padel is increasing exponentially. However, there is a need for further experimental research. To design safe and effective sport-base physical activity promotion interventions, it is essential to have a deep understanding of the physical requirements, technical complexity, injury risks, and strength and conditioning programs. To assist researchers to conduct effective padel-based interventions for health, this review summarizes the state-of-the-art evidence about padel, identifies key topics to be addressed in the future, and discusses the potential role of padel as a physical fitness and health promotion strategy. A narrative review is presented, summarizing the results of padel articles from three different databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies written in Spanish and English were the inclusion criteria. The studies had to be published from 2000 onwards and be original, as well as peer-reviewed.

Quantifying the Activity Profile of Female Beach Volleyball Tournament Match-Play.

Effective time-motion analysis can provide information directly applicable to the design of physical conditioning and testing programmes. The aim of the present study was to determine the external output of female beach volleyball players during tournament match-play and to assess the effect of competition level, margin of score differential and alterations of external output within matches. The external output profile of ten adult level (age 27 ± 3 y) and ten under 23 ('U23'; age 19 ± 2 y) female beach volleyball players were determined using GPS technology (10 Hz) during 60 matches (n = 50 first and second sets and 20 third sets files) played during their respective Australian Beach Volleyball Championship tournaments. Comparisons between groups and the influence of contextual factors on the external output within matches were analysed using linear mixed models. Adult beach volleyball players covered a greater relative distance (i.e., m·min-1) in speed zone 2 (1.0-1.99 m·s-1; 42.0% of total relative distance) and zone 3 (≥2.0 m·s-1; 10.9% of total relative distance) compared to U23 players. Relative distance, mean acceleration/deceleration and the relative distance covered in acceleration zone 2 and deceleration zone 2 and 3 was greater in set 1 compared to set 2. Sets that were decided by smaller score margins (<6-point score differential) were comprised of a greater relative distance, peak speed, greater mean acceleration and deceleration output and a greater relative distance in speed zone 1 and 3 compared to sets decided by larger score margins (>5-point score differential). The findings from this study suggest that there are contextual factors that influence the speed and acceleration/deceleration profile of female beach volleyball players such as tournament level, score margin and set-to-set variations that may have implications for the physiological and mechanical requirements of female players preparing for competition.

The Effect of Short Period FIFA 11+ Exercise as Physical Conditioning Program Among Young Amateur Football Players

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of short period FIFA 11+ exercise, which used as a physical fitness improvement program for young amateur football players. This one group experimental study involving 13 football players as subjects (ages 14.92 + 0.77 years, weight 55.23 + 9.62 kg, height 1.64 + 0.06 meters, BMI 20.42 + 2.71 kg/m2). Subjects underwent FIFA 11+ exercises three times per week for four weeks. Measurements of physical fitness components include core strength, leg strength, leg power, speed, and agility performed before and after FIFA 11+ intervention. Changes in measurement results (pre and post-test) were analyzed using a paired t-test (p &lt;0.05). The results showed that the mean subjects experienced a significant increase in the components of the core strength (p = 0.004), leg strength (p = 0.043), and leg power (p = 0.002). The results of this study indicate that a short period of FIFA 11+ training is useful and can be used as an alternative program to improve physical fitness for young football players.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 207-212

Effect of concurrent training on trainability performance factors in youth elite golf players.

BackgroundDue to the early specialization of golf players, examining the within session sequence of training should be considered to enhance performance and prevent injury risk. The present study analyzed the effects of an 18-week concurrent training developed before or after a specific golf session in adolescence elite golfers on several performance factors.MethodsSixteen right-handed male golfers, were randomly divided into two groups: after golf specific training (AG) (n = 8, age: 16.77 ± 0.58 years) and before golf specific training (BG) (n = 8, age: 16.93 ± 0.59 years). AG and BG players followed a concurrent physical conditioning program (CT) after or before the golf specific training, respectively. Body mass, body fat, muscle mass, jumping ability (CMJ), ball speed (Sball), golf movements screens (GMS), power in a golf swing-specific cable woodchop (Wmax) and the perceived training load (TL) in golf specific training (TL-G) and TL in CT (TL-CT) were measured on three separate occasions.ResultsBG demonstrates a lower TL-CT than AG (p < .001, n}{}{eta }_{p}^{2}=0.90) along the training program without effects on TL-G, achieving significant percentage of change on CMJ (9.38%; p = .165; d = 0.73), GMS (50.52%; p = .41, d = 0.91), Wmax (16.93%; p = .001; d = 2.02) and Sball (1.82%; p = .018; d = 0.92) without interaction effects on anthropometric measures.ConclusionsPerforming CT sessions before the regular golf training can improve specific performance factors with a lower perceived TL than the same training carried out after the regular golf training.

A randomized study of CrossFit Kids for fostering fitness and academic outcomes in middle school students

Within the context of school-based physical education (PE), a strength and conditioning program called CrossFit Kids (CFK) has emerged as a potential intervention for positively impacting students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate through a randomized-controlled trial how academic and health-related fitness outcomes differed for middle school students (age = 12.73; 55.3 % male) who participated in a school-based CFK program (n=72) as compared to a group of students who participated in PE class (n=72). Questionnaire data were collected twice across the 9-month academic year and combined with FitnessGram and grade data.Students in both the intervention and comparison groups increased in health-related fitness outcomes (all p values < .017), and there was a significant treatment group by time interaction on school-reported grades [F(1, 124) = 7.270, p = .008, η_P^2 = .055].Significant gender by time interaction effects were found for the relationship between CFK or PE participation and health-related fitness outcomes, but there were no significant interaction effects by gender on academic outcomes. Because developmental outcomes are conditional and result from the coaction of many factors, the findings suggest that some elements of CFK might be beneficial to build skills yet disadvantageous to academic outcomes.

Strength Improvements of Different 10-Week Multicomponent Exercise Programs in Elderly Women.

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of various muscle strength sessions performed during 10 weeks physical conditioning programs and 4 weeks of detraining on the physical conditioning, body composition and hematology of elderly women. 48 women were randomly distributed in four groups: a physical conditioning group (PCG; n = 12) with two sessions per week; a PCG with an extra-session focus on hypertrophy (PCGH; n = 12), a PCG with an extra-session in a shallow pool (PCGP; n = 12); and a control group (CG; n = 12). PCGH achieved a significant increase in Abalakov. Significant differences between the CG and the other groups were found in Countermovement Jump. There were significant improvements in the chair-stand test in the PCG and PCGH. The training programs suspected improvements in HDL, LDL, baseline glucose and glycated hemoglobin. In conclusion, a training program with an extra-session focus on hypertrophy achieved a greater improvement in strength in elderly women.

Gestação e exercício físico:recomendações, cuidados e prescrição

Com o avanço do conhecimento científico acerca dos benefícios da prática de exercício físico para a população humana, vem aumentando cada vez o número de praticantes em todas as faixas etárias e populações em diversos estados clínicos ou situações. As atividades físicas vêm sendo amplamente procuradas por indivíduos do sexo feminino como garantia de longevidade, manutenção da saúde e melhora da qualidade de vida. Tais benefícios somente são pronunciados quando a atividade física é realizada de forma regular, contínua e ao longo da vida, portanto é comum mulheres em período gestacional manterem-se ativas para melhor adaptação fisiológica e preparo geral para o parto saudável. A gestação é uma fase de adaptações morfofuncionais e psicoemocionais para a mulher. Dentro da perspectiva científica obteve-se a seguinte pergunta norteadora: Quais as adaptações inerentes ao organismo da mulher grávida e os principais benefícios da atividade física e exercício físico durante este processo? Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi revisar na literatura conceitos sobre a atividade física e condição gestacional. Utilizou-se como método a revisão de literatura narrativa consultando livros e artigos científicos, sintetizando resultados e respondendo perguntas através de leitura exploratória, e finalmente encontrando resultados e validade das conclusões. Foram descritas as adaptações morfofuncionais durante a gestação, os benefícios da atividade física e exercício físico, bem como as principais recomendações e cuidados na prescrição e supervisão de programas de condicionamento físico para mulher que vivencia esta fase da vida.