Physical Cleanliness Research Articles

Role of Dinacharya w.s.r. to Abhyanga and Snana for skin health

In Ayurveda, the term "health" refers to equilibrium and harmony in every Dosha, Agni, Dhatu and Mala. It is not only confined to the absence of diseases, but also to maintain a person's mind, sense organs, and spirit in a perfect state of equilibrium in order to give happiness and maintain the heathy body. Ayurveda provides several health restoration methods, such as Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Achara Rasayana, and Sadvrata. In Ayurveda, the concept of Dinacharya (daily routine) encompasses a number of conduct that are extremely beneficial to the skin. Snana (bathing) and Abhyanga holds a significant place in Ayurveda as part of the Dinacharya. Abhyanga promotes the healing and regeneration of skin tissues. Abhyanga facilitates natural elimination of toxins from the body through the skin. Detoxification is greatly aided by the drainage system, which is stimulated by the massage. According to Ayurvedic principles, Snana is not just a means of physical cleanliness but also a vital practice for spiritual purification. Snana helps in maintaining skin health by keeping it clean and hydrated.

Why and when physical cleanliness increases tourists’ payments under pay-what-you-want pricing: the mediating role of moral self-regard and the moderating role of regulatory focus

The pay-what-you-want pricing scheme has been frequently employed by nonprofit and for-profit tourism organizations. While this voluntary payment format can foster inclusivity by making tourism accessible to a larger population, one urgent challenge these institutions face is how to increase consumer payment to sustain both social and economic sustainability. The present work proposes a novel solution, that is, leveraging consumers’ actual or vicarious experience of physical cleanliness. Through two questionnaires and three experiments, this work demonstrates that physical cleanliness significantly boosts payment magnitude under pay-what-you-want. Importantly, this research identifies consumers’ regulatory focus as a vital boundary condition. Specifically, the positive cleanliness effect occurs among promotion-focused people but disappears among prevention-focused individuals. Besides, this study reveals that moral self-regard is the underlying mechanism driving the positive cleanliness effect. Theoretically, the current study presents a new perspective to understanding determinants of tourists’ voluntary payment decisions by investigating their embodied experience of physical cleanliness. It adds new insights to the sustainable tourism literature by addressing both social and economic sustainability through increased payments under pay-what-you-want pricing. Practically, the research findings provide destination managers and tourism providers with valuable guidance on how to boost people’s voluntary payments.

KEGIATAN SUNATAN MASSAL PEDULI SESAMA SEKOLAH ISLAM NABILAH TAMAN DUTA MAS KEPADA MASYARAKAT KOTA BATAM

The implementation of this community service is to improve children's ability to understand the meaning of their potential which is then applied to their future orientation. This is very good if introduced from an early age, namely children who are already at school and already have optimal creative imagination. This activity supports children's ability to express his aspirations for the future. If trained, it will form character formation that improves psychological well-being in children. This community service is aims to carry out Nabilah's social care (NPS) program, which is an activity of Nabilah's social institution. This mass circumcision activity is carried out every year that is started from 2017 until now. The implementation was carried out during school holidays. This mass circumcision is aimed at Batam City residents aged 5 – 13 years. This activity increases the ability to show solidarity and care for others. Providing knowledge that it is important for boys to be circumcised as a religious obligation and a sign that they have reached puberty. Something that will be useful in the future is from a health perspective, namely physical cleanliness.

Pengabdian Masyarakat Kegiatan Bersih-Bersih dan Penyuluhan Usaha Kampung di Cadasngampar oleh Mahasiswa IIUM Bersama IAI Tazkia

The community service of IIUM students in collaboration with IAI Tazkia encompasses two activities focusing on village cleanup and education in Kampung Cadasngampar. The first activity involves cleaning the village with the intention of preserving and tidying up the environment within a village or settlement. This activity goes beyond physical cleanliness, aiming to create environmental awareness and concern for the cleanliness of the surroundings. Additionally, students are also engaged in educational activities with school dropouts. The purpose of this initiative is to provide informal learning opportunities for children who have discontinued formal schooling or lack access to formal education. Through this interaction, they strive to provide education and basic skills to children, enabling them to develop their potential even without following the formal education path. This community service reflects the commitment of IIUM students and IAI Tazkia to make a positive impact on the local community, addressing both environmental cleanliness and informal education for those in need.

Improvement of Ablution Skills Through the Practice Methode (Drill)

Background. Ablution is an order from Allah Swt written in the Qur'an as a way of purifying before carrying out all kinds of worship including prayer and reading the Qur'an. Purpose. Ablution itself contains two aspects of cleanliness, namely physical cleanliness in the form of washing human body parts, and inner cleanliness caused by the effect of ablution on humans in the form of cleansing from the mistakes of sins committed by body members. Method. The design used by researchers in conducting this research is class action research. In this study using the form of teachers as researchers, where teachers play a very important role in the process of classroom action research. Results. In this form, the main purpose of PTK is to improve learning practices in the classroom. teachers are directly involved in the process of planning, action, observation, and reflection.The results of the analysis in each cycle show that the class average value has increased from 53 in the pre-cycle learning outcomes to 65 in cycle I, then increased to 80 in cycle II. Conclusion. So, the application of the drill method can improve the ablution skills of class VIII students of MTsN 1 Purwakarta. The increase in learning outcomes during learning activities through the drill method shows that students are more motivated when they are directly involved in teaching and learning activities

Poda Na Lima: Value of Education and Social Society Order Based on Local Wisdom

Poda na lima are five pieces of advice that are firmly held as the foundation of the Angkola-Mandailing community. This advice includes local wisdom that underlies the social order and contains educational value regarding efforts to cleanse the heart, soul, mind, body, and environment. This study aims to analyze the value of education and the community's social structure based on local wisdom. The focus of the local wisdom studied is Poda na Lima in the Angkola-Mandailing community. This research approach uses a qualitative type of literature study method. Sources of data and analysis materials for research studies use scientific literature obtained from credible websites (Sinta, DOAJ, Scient Direct, Routledge/Tandfonline, Scimago JR). The scientific literature in question includes; articles, proceedings, books, and final student assignments (thesis, theses, dissertations) relevant to the research theme. The results of this study indicate that poda na lima has an extension as a philosophy in the life of the Angkola-Mandailing community. This local wisdom contains an educational value (education for children) in social arrangements based on the purity of intention, physical cleanliness, and public order. The five pieces of advice in local wisdom include paias rohamu (heart/soul), Pematangmu (physical), parabitonmu (clothing), bagasmu (house), and pakaranganmu (environment).

Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Al-Qur'an and Hadith Perspective

The spread of COVID-19 has caused fear and panic. Al-Qur'an and Hadith are the foundation of fundamental Islamic law, one of which describes disaster. Islam, as a comprehensive religion, has a tradition of maintaining physical cleanliness and mental purity and has some specific guidelines for dealing with situations and crises. This article examines the corona (covid-19) pandemic from an Islamic perspective. This type of research is qualitative, by studying documents/texts. Inductive content analysis was used to identify the main themes and areas of influence in the covered literature. Primary data in the form of verses of the Qur'an related to disasters, Hadith related to disasters, journals, and books. The COVID-19 pandemic that has hit all corners of the world is a moment for self-introspection over all human mistakes. Islam and medical science have recommended the same precautions to mitigate the devastating effects of this pandemic. The COVID-19 disaster is a blessing for people who believe in Allah SWT and continue to strive by taking the necessary precautions, as taught in the Sharia. The contribution of this article is to provide knowledge about COVID-19 from a different perspective. Covid-19 is not only studied according to science but also religion.

한국어, 영어, 한국수어에 나타나는 [도덕성은 청결함] 은유

Lakoff and Johnson (1999) claim that morality is embodied, meaning that the concept MORALITY is understood as PHYSICAL CLEANLINESS and morality and cleanliness are mutually influenced by each other. Many psychological experiments have been conducted to prove this mutual influence between morality and physical cleanliness. However, very few studies, if any, have focused on linguistic manifestation of the metaphor MORALITY IS PHYSICAL CLEANLINESS. In bridging the gap, this paper examines spoken and sign languages such as Korean, English, and Korean Sign Language, demonstrating the potential of the universality of the metaphor MORALITY IS PHYSICAL CLEANLINESS. The results suggest that psychological link between morality and physical cleanliness is cross-cultural.

A study of the psychological effect

The lady Mac-Beth effect is a condition in which an individual urge to risen their hands or body when they have a feeling that they have done something wrong i.e., which is inappropriate in order to clean their conscience. So, this study is to find how much people clean themselves or wash their hands indeed because of their guilty conscience. People are always not having a tendency of washing hands or bathing in can be a cause and effect of their remorseful morality. It not always having a physical cleanliness there can be an alternative for purifying their mortified morality. Studies have exhibited that people keep themselves clean indeed for cleaning their sins. Famous study of Zhong and Liljenquist (2006) was replicated but didn’t found the evidence of Macbeth effect. In further findings, observed about physical purity as an attainment of moral purity could show a sign of Macbeth effect. In addition, few studied have also showed the brain areas which are involved in the guiltiness due to immoral deed.

Making Informed Decisions to Improve Restaurant Image Using a Hybrid MADM Approach: A Case of Fast-Food Restaurants in an Island of East Malaysia

Restaurant image refers to an immediate perception that pops up in a customer’s mind when the name of a restaurant is mentioned. Therefore, it is crucial for restaurants, including fast-food restaurants (FFRs), to evaluate and sustain a positive restaurant image. However, evaluating and improving a restaurant’s image is challenging, since it counts in multiple service attributes associated with various degrees of unknown priority. Even so, the existing literature is yet to outspread the usage of an appropriate multi-attribute decision-making (MADM)-based approach to specifically evaluate the image of FFRs. Therefore, this research aimed at employing such an approach to evaluate the image of four FFRs on an island in East Malaysia, using various people, processes, and physical evidence attributes. Firstly, an initial list of FFR image attributes was elicited from the available literature. This initial list was then further validated through a two-round Delphi survey involving a panel of ten experts. A questionnaire was then designed based on the finalized attributes, and data collected from a sample of 251 respondents were analyzed using the compromised-analytical hierarchy process (C-AHP) method. The C-AHP results suggest that the strategies to improve an FFR’s image should primarily incorporate the following six attributes: hospitality, employees’ problem-solving skills, employees’ knowledge, food taste, physical cleanliness, and service response time. The FFR at the top of the ranking has the highest performance scores over these same six attributes. Surprisingly, employees’ appearance and restaurant exterior were reported as the two least important image attributes. This research is the first to demonstrate the application of a hybrid MADM-based approach to uncover the weights of FFR image attributes and rank those FFRs by computing their aggregated image scores.

On Frankincense-scented Soaps, Peelings and Cleansers or on Cosmetics and Commotics in Antiquity and Early Byzantium

Cosmetology (τέχνη κοσμητική), i.e. a resource of means aimed at maintaining natural beauty of a human, was not frowned upon by the pagans nor by the Christians. What they disapproved of was commotic (κομμωτικὴ τέχνη), defined (by Galen, Clement of Alexandria, Gregory of Nyssa and Theodoret of Cyrus ) as an art of changing the outward appearance to the detriment of nature and one’s health. The present study has been designed to discuss select information, extant in Book VIII of Iatricorum libri by Aëtius of Amida, on what preparations were at disposal of the people of the Mediterranean who cared for their physical cleanliness (as well as health), regardless of their religious proclivities. It is focused on a number of prescriptions for face and body cleansers, though the analysed inventory has been limited to the ones including frankincense. The research material has turned out to be ample enough to draw conclusions on the ingredients used in such agents, their effectiveness, the form of the preparations, their application mode as well as on the addressees of the recipes. It has been also suggested that the formulas were compiled from the body of medical knowledge akin to what was collected by Titus Statilius Crito in his work On cosmetics.

Food Borne Disease and the Lifestyles of the Students and Food Handlers in Rural Schools: A Preliminary Observation

Food borne diseases cause millions of deaths every year around the world. The major factors contributing to food borne diseases and the prevalence of food poisoning among students are the food preparation process, lifestyles, physical cleanliness and water supplies. Food mismanagement by food handlers and students’ and food handlers’ poor knowledge of food hygiene are the factors that lead to food poisoning among school students. The objectives of this study are to: investigate how food handlers carry out food preparation; determine students’ and handlers’ standards of food hygiene assess the physical cleanliness of school canteens and the purity of their water supplies; and develop guidelines for the prevention of food poisoning. The aspects investigated in this study are the food preparation process, knowledge of food hygiene, physical cleanliness and food poisoning prevention methods.

Women and Ritual Purity in Islam

Purity is a beautiful word that is pleasing to the eye, and a quality that everyone wishes to maintain. From an Islamic perspective, purity has a general meaning. Thus it may mean, on one hand, physical cleanliness which is the purity (of the body) from perceptible filth or ritual purification. On the other hand, it may mean spiritual purity which is the purity of the self from vices, sins and abandoning disobedience, and getting used to good deeds and words. Purity (Arabic: طهارة‎, ṭahāra is an essential aspect of Islam. It is the opposite of najāsa, the state of being ritually impure. It is achieved by first removing physical impurities (for example, urine) from the body, and then removing ritual impurity by means of wudu (usually) or ghusl. Rules which regulate the cleanliness rituals are placed both by Quranic requirements, and the rituals to acquire a new level of social status in everyday Muslim life. Physically, spiritually, ethically, and psychologically every Muslim must value cleanliness and purity. In this work, I investigate the concept of “purity” from the Islamic perspective. I argue that cleanliness and purity form an essential ideal in Muslim piety and consciousness. The Qur'an frequently refers to it.

Moral metaphorical effect of cleanliness on immoral workplace behaviors

Cleanliness connotes cleanness, hygiene, and beauty. Physical cleanliness is also a metaphor for moral purity, as proposed in recent literature. However, cleanliness means not only physical cleanliness but also environmental cleanliness. The article proposes that environmental cleanliness and physical self-cleanliness may metaphorically influence immoral behaviors in the workplace, and their effects may be different. The current study conducted a 2 (environmental cleanliness: clean vs. dirty) × 3 (self-cleanliness: hands-cleansing vs. face-cleansing vs. non-cleansing) between-subjects field experiment with employees as participants in a Chinese enterprise. One-hundred-seventy-seven employees volunteered to participate in the experiment. It was found that a clean workplace, rather than physical self-cleansing, renders harsh moral judgment regarding immoral workplace behaviors. The participants were less willing to accept immoral workplace behaviors in a clean environment than in a dirty environment, while self-cleanliness (hands-cleansing or face-cleansing vs. non-cleansing) had no significant influence on employees’ moral judgments of immoral workplace behaviors. In addition, the significant effects of environmental cleanliness were found in all the ten dimensions of immoral workplace behaviors. The findings reveal the metaphorical association between environmental cleanliness and the concept of higher social moral norms, and confirm that environmental cleanliness is a key factor leading to moral metaphorical effects. This result provides unique insight to the social significance of environmental cleanliness, and has important implications to prevent immoral workplace behaviors. A theoretical framework is proposed to explain why environmental cleanliness is more likely to affect moral judgment involving organizational interests than self-cleanliness. Considering most previous research has been done with samples of college students, this study is especially valuable through a field experiment on actual employees.

“Macbeth Effect”: The link between physical cleanliness and moral judgement

“Macbeth Effect”: The link between physical cleanliness and moral judgement

Cleanliness in Islam: Exploring Through COVID- 19 Pandemic Precautions and Concerns

Not pandemic but COVID-19 Corona Virus is a novel challenge to the world. Because many communicable disease like cholera, plague, influenza have already threatened human life at various times. Experts say that different types of natural disaster takes place over a century or over a couple of centuries or even more than these on earth with the course of time. Which caused massive disaster and damage to human life. Lately, it has noticed that this time the world is fighting against COVID-19 Corona Virus. The Virus is originated from Uhan, Chaina, later on it has spread almost throughout the world. So far, it has affected by estimated 24 million and one million caused to death. As it is detected as a communicable disease, this Virus could be transmitted through physical contact, and the main virulent components are the hands, mouth, nose, respiratory tract, etc.As a result, after the hitting of COVID-19, the World Health Organisation (WHO) and other Health agencies have repeatedly issued some guidelines for people. These include frequent hands washing with soap, use of masks when going out of the house and maintaining physical distance.It is worth mentioning here that Islam has a long tradition of physical cleanliness and mental purity. Islam also has some specific guidelines for dealing with emerging situations and crises. Therefore, author will try to analyze the need for cleanliness in the prevention of the virus, the guidelines displayed by the health organizations, the current circumspection and the do's and don'ts below from the Islamic point of view.

Performance Evaluation of Portable Hot Water Jet for Frozen Meat Industry Application

High temperature-induced water jet has important cleaning factors for effective cleaning at food industries because it can provide mechanical, heat, and chemical effects during cleaning. It can also reduce cleaning time, labor load, and utility consumptions, hence reducing the operating costs and enhance sustainability. However, it has not been used widely in small and medium food industries due to a lack of cleaning awareness and small budget allocation for cleaning and disinfection. In this article, we evaluated the performance of a portable water jet in the laboratory before it was introduced to the frozen meat industry. Removal of invisible fat-based fouling deposits which remained on the surfaces of the meat processing equipment is quite a challenge. In this work, stainless steel surfaces were fouled with the fat-based fouling deposit. The fouled stainless-steel surfaces were used for the cleanability tests. The tests were conducted at different parameters which were cleaning parameters (temperature (35 °C and 65 °C) and cleaning detergent presence), cleaning operations (nozzle distances (5 cm and 30 cm)) and surface geometries (vertical and horizontal) which representing the different equipment’s geometry. Physical cleanliness (visual and touch) and protein residue swab test was used as the cleaning indicators. The target cleanliness was achieved at a high cleaning temperature of 65°C and with the presence of cleaning detergent. Results from these tests will be used as a guide to design an optimal cleaning program for SMEs frozen meat patty factory.

Perencanaan kawasan sempadan sungai Yeh Lating untuk pengembangan rekreasi berkelanjutan

The planning of Yeh Lating riverscape area for sustainable recreation development. Recreation is an activity to fill any free time with non routine activities to get experiences that can bring satisfaction and entertainment. Sustainable recreation planning is a regional planning as place of recreation to meet current needs without compromising the future generations needs.Yeh Lating river in Kerambitan village is one of the potential river in south Kerambitan district, Tabanan regency. This river has been utilized by the surrounding community. However, no special arrangement has been planned as a recreation area, so planning is needed in this area. The method used in this study was field survey with an observation, questionnaires, interviews, and literature study technique. Stages of this study consist of inventory, analysed and synthesis which at the same time become the basic in planning. The results of this study showed that the available potentials in Yeh Lating River including an easy access and also facilities such as dams and beji, while the problems encountered in this study were the border physical problems, cleanliness, structuring, and lack of facilities such as parking. The concept of planning generated in this study was the concept of a combination between Balinese culture with the modern river. Suggestions that can be given was recommendation to the local government of Tabanan in the form of spatial zoning, accessibility, vegetation arrangement, and siteplan planning of Yeh Lating River.

A Commentary Reflection of Moral Psychology Based on Embodied Cognition

The rise of embodied cognition in recent ten years has brought about significant influence on the research of moral psychology. On the one hand, the development of neuro-cognitive science has facilitated the research of morality deeply into the mirror neurons of brain, no longer being limited simply on the philosophical speculation; and on the other hand the experimental research of embodied cognition has provided new evidence for some traditional and philosophical moral issues and even made some new recognition of the issues which are different from the traditional interpretations. Tracing back to the research of the Western moral psychology, we find that cognitive rationality and virtual ethics are the two main research lines for moral psychology.（1）J. Piaget and L. Kohlberg opened a way for the research of cognitive development of morality, and their successors have formed new Kohlbergian School, such as the moral judgment theory based on DIT proposed by J. Rest and his colleagues, G. Lind’s dual-aspect theory based on his MCT and KMDD®; the social cognitive domain theory proposed by E. Turiel and his colleagues; the feminine caring ethics advocated by C. Gilligan and N. Noddings; the Social Intuitionist Theory proposed by J. Haidt based on evolutionary psychology, cultural psychology and neuro-cognitive science and so on. (2) The traditional moral philosophy and ethics have opened another way to the research of character education and virtues, such as the American movement of character education facilitated by W, Bennett and T. Lickona and others; the argument between J. Rawls and R. Nozick on moral problems; A. C. MacIntyre’s moral critique to the Western societies and his virtue ethics and so on. Since 21st century the research of embodied cognition has broken through the limitation of the traditional research on moral psychology, attempting to realize the new synthesis of intellect, human body and its environment, and therefore started the embodied research of moral judgment which is unfolded around the three dimensions of physical cleanliness, disgust, body temperature and body movements. I has also assimilated Piaget and Vygotsky’s ideas of psychological development, the theory of conceptual metaphor in cognitive semantics and the theory of evolutionary psychology, and made its theoretical interpretation and exploration for the embodied effect of moral judgment. Since the variable of physical body could have its influence on individual moral judgment by means of one’s emotion and cognitive elements, the moral judgment based on embodied cognition should be integrated with the theories of moral judgment, especially with moral competencies that are the core of moral judgment, and meanwhile the relationship between the embodied cognition and moral intuition should be deeply explored, and the issues such as chronergy, that is, time efficiency, and dynamics taken place when there is the embodied effect should be further examined, the regulated variables of embodied effects while making moral judgment and the individual differences should also be found out through detailed research. And finally we should check out the embodied effects of moral judgment through the cross-cultural comparison.

Effects of physical cleansing on subsequent unhealthy eating

Over five experiments, we demonstrate that physical cleansing (e.g., handwashing) can reduce consumers’ unhealthy eating in subsequent unrelated contexts, by decreasing their choice of vice food (e.g., chocolate cake) versus virtue food (e.g., fruit salad) and their preferred amount vice food for consumption. This effect generalizes over different food stimuli and different operationalizations of physical cleansing (i.e., actual cleansing, visualized cleansing, and vicarious cleansing). Further, an analogous effect occurs for consumers’ unethical choice in a non-food domain, thus increasing the generalizability of the cleansing effect. Finally, one potential mechanism of the effect based on the metaphorical associations between physical cleanliness and moral purity and between vice food and immoral consumption is suggested.