RudolfOtto Anselm Höber (1873-1953) is best remembered today for his theoretical work, Physikalische Chemie der Zelle und der Gewebe, ["Physical Chemistry of Cells and Tissues"] first published in 1902 when he was just 29years old. The book applied the then-cutting-edge tools of biochemistry and biophysics to the understanding of living organisms and laid the groundwork for the emerging fields of biophysics and cell physiology. The book made Höber's reputation, but it was only one part of his enormous output. Over his lifetime, he published widely on many aspects of cell and membrane physiology. He is also remembered as a methodological innovator, particularly in studying the electrochemical characteristics of cells. From 1915 to 1933, Höber directed the Physiological Institute at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität at Kiel, attracting many talented scientists from around the world to work with him. The Nazis expelled Höber from his position as professor in 1933 because of his liberal, pro-democratic political activities and the fact that he had Jewish grandparents. After his emigration to the USA, Höber then accepted a position at the Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, where he continued his research and writing despite the social isolation and financial difficulties he faced in his early years as an immigrant. He died in 1953.
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