Physical Capacity Of Children Research Articles

Use of One-minute Sit-to-stand Test to Predict Functional Exercise Capacity in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease

IntroductionField tests are commonly used as complements of cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) to evaluate the functional exercise capacity. The aims of this study were to validate the one-minute sit-to-stand test (STST) in congenital heart disease (CHD) children and to evaluate the possibility of predicting the peakVO2 using the STST in this paediatric population. MethodsChildren (8- to 18-year-old) followed for a CHD and performing CPET were recruited prospectively. Concomitantly, they performed STST. The heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), muscular fatigue and dyspnoea were recorded before (t0), immediately after (t1) and 1min after the end of the STST (t2). ResultsWe observed a poor but significant correlation between the STST and the peakVO2 (r=0.306; p=0.013). A significant difference between girls and boys were observed for peakVO2 (p<0.001), HR t0 (p=0.030), HR t1 (p=0.002) and HR t2 (p<0.001). The proposed model of prediction, including the number of STST, weight, height and age explains 37% of the predicted peakVO2 variance. ConclusionThe STST can provide relevant data on physical capacity in children with CHD. When CPET cannot be performed, we therefore propose an alternative equation using the STST as a surrogate of peakVO2 in CHD children.

Physical capacity in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To review the body of evidence on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and physical performance in children with newly diagnosed cancer, five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and Web of Science) were searched on December 19, 2022. Thirteen studies, embodying 594 participants within 1month of cancer diagnosis and 3674 healthy controls were included. Eighteen different outcomes on cardiorespiratory fitness (n=2), muscle strength (n=5), physical performance (n=10), and adverse events (n=1) were analyzed. Fifteen out of 17 outcomes on physical capacity showed severe impairments compared with healthy controls. Where possible, random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the results. No adverse events were reported related to testing. Children with cancer have impaired cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and physical performance within the first month after diagnosis. However, the evidence is based on a small number of studies with large clinical heterogeneity, limiting the certainty of evidence.

Диагностика и методика за оптимизиране на физическата дееспособ- ност на 10-годишни ученици

Contemporary school children grow and develop under conditions of physical inactivity and that reduced physical activity causes great and irreparable damage to their developing organisms. This lack of activity most significantly affects children’s physical capacity. The present research reveals the components that determine the physical capacity and the possibilities for its improvement through the development of the basic fitness components /speed, strength, endurance, agility and flexibility/. The presented study traces the dynamics of the development of fitness components of primary school students through tests of physical capacity. The objective of this study is to diagnose and optimize the level of physical capacity of students of primary school age. The subject of the study are the skill-related fitness components of 10-year-old students, which are a main factor reflecting the physical capacity of children. The object of the study are 40 ten-year-old boys, formed in two groups - control and experimental. The research involved literature review; classroom observation; educational experiment – a physical fitness test battery to measure the level of students’ physical capacity; processing and analysis of the collected data. A program for optimizing the fitness components is proposed - trainings, indicative training volume and repetitions. It was found that the program that was implemented led to an increase in the physical capacity of the students that were studied.

Functional Training Effect on Functional Movements and Physical Capacity in 10 to 13-Year-Old Children Attending Swimming Activities

Background. Functional training is used both in rehabilitation - to restore lost functions, and in professional sports - to improve results in competitions. Functional training is characterized by complex training of physical features, and it develops specific movements.&#x0D; The aim was to evaluate functional training effect on functional movements, static endurance of trunk muscles and dynamic balance in children aged 10 to 13 attending swimming activities.&#x0D; Methods. The study involved 24 children in the age group of 10–13 who attended swimming activities 5 times a week. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: subject (n = 12) and control (n = 12). Participants of the subject group while attending regular swimming activities were prescribed functional training of 10-week once a week with supervision of a physiotherapist. The participants of the control group while attending regular swimming activities were prescribed a routine swimmer training of 10-week once a week in the gym under the supervision of a sports coach. Static endurance, dynamic balance, leg muscle’s explosive force and swimming competition results corresponding to the time interval of the beginning and end of the study were assessed before and after the interventions.&#x0D; Results. All the evaluated indicators had tendency to improve, but significant differences between the results of the two groups were found in the static endurance of the abdomen and trunk lateral muscles, dynamic balance, functional movements, long jump results and 50-meter swimming results.&#x0D; Conclusion. Functional training under the supervision of a physiotherapist can significantly improve the functional and physical capacity of children attending swimming activities.&#x0D; Keywords: physical characteristics, functional training, endurance, balance, functional movements.

Effect of the Physical Education and Sport Classes on the Physical Capacity of Children with Special Educational Needs

In this study was to determine the impact of physical education and sports lesson on the physical capacity of children with special egitime needs and on this basis to outline the main directions for of educational process in secondary schools. Totally, 67 students region Kars in the of Turkey from 22 secondary education school participated in this study. They divided into groups according to their gender and health status; children with normal physical and mental development (24 boys, 18 girls; control group) and children with special education needs (15 boys, 10 girls; experimental group). Children's height, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were used a standard methodology, a manual dynamometer to measure the strength of the upper limb and a test battery to determine their physical capacity. Regarding inclusive education, questionnaires were collected from physical education teachers. Results were compared with the total sample and between the two target groups. According to the findings of the research, when the change in physical capacity characteristics of boys and girls with and without special education needs is examined; Sprint 20 m, Hand Dynamometer - appropriate upper limb, Dynamometry - Inappropriate upper limb, Throwing a thick ball, Jumping to length, Crunches, 400 m running, Depth of inclination, after the experiment; although it has different effects on the physical capacities of children with cognitive, hearing and vision problems, it has not statistically significant compared to the groups In order to develop the physical capacity of children with special educational needs, physical education and sports lesson activities should be increased, and new models should be developed. Limitations, suggestions for future research and implications for practice are discussed.

Long-Term Lung Function and Exercise Capacity in Postinfectious chILD.

Background: Severe postinfectious diffuse pulmonary disease may clinically mimic other entities of children's interstitial lung disease and is clinically challenging comprising various disease severities despite treatment. Long-term lung function trend and physical capacity in children with postinfectious diffuse pulmonary disease are rarely reported. We investigated trends in pulmonary function by long-term follow-up and assessed physical capacity in such patients.Methods: We performed a descriptive, single-center follow-up study in children with biopsy-verified postinfectious diffuse pulmonary disease. Patients with completed primary treatment course were eligible for follow-up, including pulmonary function and exercise (VO2peak) testing.Results: Thirty patients with postinfectious diffuse pulmonary disease were identified and included. Median (range) age at diagnose was 27.5 (2–172) months after a mean lag time of 23 months. H. influenzae and rhinovirus were the most frequent pathogens. Fifteen patients were available for follow-up after mean (range) 7.6 (2–15) years of treatment completion. Lung clearance index (LCI2.5), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and bronchodilator responsiveness were abnormal in 80%, 53%, and 44%, respectively. Diffusion capacity for monoxide was abnormal in 7% and total lung capacity in 33%. Only 8% demonstrated low VO2peak, while 40% reported difficulties during physical exertion. Longitudinal data on spirometry (n = 14) remained unchanged from end of treatment throughout follow-up. A significant association was found between zLCI2.5 and zFEV1 (multiple linear regression; r2 = 0.61; P = 0.0003).Conclusion: Postinfectious diffuse pulmonary disease in children carries a varying degree of chronic pulmonary impairment with onset of symptoms in the first months of life and a typical considerable lag time before diagnosis. Follow-up several years after the initial injury demonstrated moderate-to-severe peripheral airway impairment although no further lung function decline was found years after completion of treatment. Despite acceptable VO2peak, a considerable proportion struggled during heavy exercise.

PENAMBAHAN SENAM OTAK PADA PROGRAM SENAM SEHAT ANAK INDONESIA (SSAI) DAPAT MENINGKATKAN MEMORI JANGKA PENDEK DAN INDEKS KESEGARAN JASMANI SISWA SD INPRES PONDANG

ABSTRACTBackground: Short-term memory plays a role in all children's cognitive processes both in understanding the language, working on the task and problem-solving process. The speed of cognitive processes in children depend on the degree of activation of short-term memory. With stimulation that given in the form of brain-activating movements is expected to integrate short-term memory and long-term memory to generate new knowledge or expand the existing load in long-term memory. Cognitive function and academic achievement can also be influenced by the level of physical fitness. Physical fitness is very useful to support the physical capacity of children who in the end expected to improve his performance. Objective: This research was conducted to find out how big increase of short-term memory and physical fitness at the addition of Brain Gym in SSAI program at elementary school student of Inpres Pondang. Method: This research is true experimental, using two group pre and post test control group design. This research was conducted at SD Inpres Pondang, 3 times weekly for 6 weeks, at January 22, 2018 - March 05, 2018. The sample of research is 42 people divided into two groups. The Control Group in the form of SSAI program and the Treatment Group was given the addition of Brain Gym in the SSAI program. The measuring instrument used to memory span to measure short-term memory and TKJI to measure physical fitness. Results: The results of hypothesis testing using Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney test. Wilcoxon test results showed short-term memory improvement in the treatment group significantly (p&lt;0.05), the control group showed significant short-term memory increase (p&lt;0.05). The result of hypothesis test shows the value of increase of physical fitness index in the treatment group significantly (p&lt;0.05). The increase value of physical fitness index in control group significantly (p&lt;0.05). Mann Whitney test results showed the value of span digits in the treatment group and control group with p=0.005 (p&lt;0.05). Physical fitness value in treatment group and control group with p value = 0.091 (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Statistically there is a difference in the addition of brain gymnastics to SSAI in increasing short-term memory of elementary students. Statistically there is no difference in the addition of brain gymnastics in SSAI in improving physical fitness in elementary school students.Keywords: Short term memory, physical fitness, memory span, Indonesian physical fitness test, brain gym, healthy gymnastics Indonesian children.

Characterization of the physical capacity in children of the Chilean National Program of Cystic Fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited, progressive, multisystem disease. Better physical capacity may slow disease progression, thus improving prognosis and survival. The objective of this research was to evaluate the physical capacity of children admitted to the National CF Pro gram of the Metropolitan Region, Chile. A multicenter, cross-sectional stu dy design was used. The inclusion criteria were children aged 6 to 12 years enrolled in the National CF Program; Tanner sexual maturity stage I, no respiratory exacerbations in the last 30 days, and no musculoskeletal pathologies. The maximum aerobic capacity was assessed through the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and determined with an incremental protocol in a magnetic cycle ergometer connected to an ergo-spirometer with which, at the same time, respiratory gases, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production values every 30 seconds, anaerobic threshold, and maximum workload were analyzed. The values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEVJ, FEVj/FVC ratio, and forced expiratory flows between 25% and 75% of vital capacity were assessed through ergo-spirometry. At the beginning of the ergo-spirometry, arterial oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, tidal volume and the per ception of lower extremity fatigue and dyspnea were recorded using the modified Borg scale. The test lasted approximately 10 minutes. The clinical records of 43 children collected from six health centers were reviewed. Out of these, 29 children met inclusion criteria, and 23 were re cruited. Two children were unable to participate, reducing the final subject group to 21 (13 males, 8 females). The mean age was 8.8 ± 2 years; weight 30.5 ± 10.9 kg; height 1.32 ± 0.11 m; and body mass index 17.1 ± 3.5 (z-score 0.01 ± 1.34). More than half of the children (61%) had normal weight. The obtained VO2peak was 43.7 ± 6.5 ml/min/kg (106.7 ± 19.8% of the predictive values). Only 10% of the children had values lower than those predicted by sex and age. No correlations were found between VO2peak and anthropometric and pulmonary function variables. Conclu sion: Most of the evaluated children (90%) had physical capacity similar to healthy subjects by sex and age.

NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND PHYSICAL CAPACITY IN 4 TO 7-YEAR-OLD STUDENTS IN A CHILEAN PUBLIC SCHOOL 2014

overweight and obesity in children have experienced a significant increase around the world, however, there are regional differences due to many factors. Furthermore, evidence have showed that physical capacity in children has been affected as well. For this reason, the study goal was to assess nutritional status and physical capacity in 4 to 7-year-old children in a public school from South Chile. 351 students (6.1 years, SD = 1.13; 47.3% men) completed the study. To determine nutritional status, body mass index and Z-scores from World Health Organisation were used. Body fat percentage was measured with skinfold anthropometry. To assess physical capacity, 6-minute walking test (6MWT) was used. overweight prevalence was 27.0% (range 21-32%), while obesity had 39.9% (range 33-50%), no gender differences were observed (p = 0.84). Mean body fat percentage was 19.1% in men and 20.9% in women (p = 0.02). For 6MWT, differences were found for age (p < 0.001) with an overall range of 421.5 to 540.2 mt. our results showed a high prevalence of overweight and obese students. These results are higher than observed in other regions around the world. This study is a call for action in promoting healthy lifestyle through comprehensive programs in public schools.

Alterations of left ventricular myocardial strain in obese children

Obesity may have implications in the myocardial structural change, which may contribute to mechanical consequences. Using 2D speckle echocardiography, we looked for myocardial changes and investigated their relation to obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance and physical capacity in children with isolated obesity. Standard echocardiography and 2D strain were prospectively performed in obese children and compared them with age- and sex-matched controls. Z-score body mass index (BMI Z-score), ultra-sensitive C reactive protein, indices of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and metabolic stress test were assessed in obese children. Thirty-two consecutive obese patients [age: 12.8 (8-17) years; 15 males; BMI Z-score: 5.8 [2.05-8.6)] were compared with 32 controls. Longitudinal strain and circumferential strain were significantly lower in the obese group (respectively -18.0 ± 2.4% vs. -20.6 ± 2.5%; P = 0.0001 and -18.2 ± 3.5% vs. -20.1 ± 2.3%; P = 0.013), while radial strain did not differ. Longitudinal strain was correlated with HOMA-IR (Pearson's rho = -0.39) and with the exercise capacity (Pearson's rho = 0.62). In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for age, the mean arterial pressure and left ventricular (LV) mass, the BMI Z-score remained independently related to the longitudinal and circumferential strain. Childhood obesity may be associated with an early alteration of the longitudinal and circumferential LV strain. These findings have potentially significant clinical implications for the outcomes and follow-up of obese children meriting further studies.

Sportliche Aktivitäten bei nierenkranken Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen – Eine Literaturanalyse

The superior question of the systematic literature search is to examine the current status of physical endurance capacity of children, adolescents and young adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in relation to healthy control groups as well as to look at the effects of movement and exercise in practical clinical trials. Out of 1 170 key word combinations, the electronic search yielded 49 860 abstracts. After searching the title, the abstract and the whole article, 8 studies remained, matching the preliminary defined analysis criteria. The results of these studies showed a reduced physical capacity of the children and adolescents with CKD compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the adjustment of the present anemia by EPO led to a positive effect resulting in an improved physical capacity. Statements to the effects of interventions could not be given, since no study had been found in this literature search. In order to yield further knowledge about the specific aspects of physical training in this target group, other in- or outpatient interventions are necessary.

Characteristics of respiratory functions and physical capacity in children living under conditions of low-degree air pollution

Introduction: Air pollution has considerably decreased in many of the urbanized territories in Europe in the last 10 to 15 years, as compared to its levels in the middle of the previous century. This is the reason why nowadays the indicators morbidity and mortality, widely used at the time to assess health, are not effective enough. Under the contemporary conditions of lower concentrations of air pollutants, much more precise methods are required to characterize the consequences of air pollution for the health. The aim of the present study was to analyze respiratory functions and physical capacity in children living under conditions of low degree air pollution. Methods: In 2004 we carried out a complete functional study of respiration and a cardiopulmonary exercise testing among 93 children (50 boys/43 girls) aged 13.36±0.53 (X±SD) years. According to data of the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water Resources, the latter live at air pollutant levels which are under or a little above the maximum admissible concentrations. Results: The mean annual concentrations of controlled pollutants were: (X±SE): TSPM (mg/m 3 ) - 0.13±0.035, SO 2 (mg/m 3 ) - 29.70±7.757, NO 2 (mg/m 3 ) - 10.76±0.791, H 2 S (mg/m 3 ) - 0.05±0.020, Pb (mg/m 3 ) - 0.06±0.009, NH3 (mg/m 3 ) - 0.02±0.010. Results: No deviations were observed in the mean values of the functional indices analyzed, which were over 40 in number, with regard to the referent levels for the respective age and sex (X±SD): VC - 3.50±0.62 L, FVC - 3.43±0.63 L, FEV1 - 3.14±0.56 L, Tiffneau - 89.79±5.18%, etc. The individual assessment showed lower values for some indices (predominantly in the boys) - TLCpred under 90% (81.6A·89.8%), MEF50pred under 70% (58.1A·65.6%), MHF 2 5pred under 60% (34.7A·53.4), TLCOpred under 80% (62.6A·79.9), etc. Conclusions: No pathologic changes were observed in the external breathing and physical capacity of the majority of the children studied, although in the more susceptible ones low degree air pollution caused reduction in some indices. The study of external breathing and physical capacity are adequate methods for health assessment of the influence of low degree pollution. Scripta Scientifica Medica 2009; 41(1): 81-84.

Characteristics of Respiratory Functions and Physical Capacity in Children Living Under Conditions of low Degree Air Pollution

P-477 Introduction: Air pollution has considerably decreased in many of the urbanized territories in Europe in the last 10 to 15 years, as compared to its levels in the middle of the previous century. This is the reason why nowadays the indicators morbidity[r] and mortality, widely used at the time to assess health, are not effective enough. Under the contemporary conditions of lower concentrations of air pollutants, much more precise methods are required to characterize the consequences of air pollution for the health. The aim of the present study was to analyze respiratory functions and physical capacity in children living under conditions of low degree air pollution. Methods: In 2004 we carried out a complete functional study of respiration and a cardiopulmonary exercise testing among 93 children (50 boys/43 girls) aged 13.36±0.53 (X±SD) years. According to data of the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water Resources, the latter live at air pollutant levels which are under or a little above the maximum admissible concentrations. Results: The mean annual concentrations of controlled pollutants were: (X±SE): TSPM (mg/m3) - 0.13±0.035, SO2 (μg/m3) - 29.70±7.757, NO2 (μg/m3) - 10.76±0.791, H2S (μg/m3) – 0.05±0.020, Pb (μg/m3) - 0.06±0.009, NH3 (mg/m3) - 0.02±0.010. Results: No deviations were observed in the mean values of the functional indices analyzed, which were over 40 in number, with regard to the referent levels for the respective age and sex (X±SD): VC - 3.50±0.62 L, FVC - 3.43±0.63 L, FEV1 - 3.14±0.56 L, Tiffneau - 89.79±5.18%, etc. The individual assessment showed lower values for some indices (predominantly in the boys) - TLCpred under 90% (81.6÷89.8%), MEF50pred under 70% (58.1÷65.6%), MHF25pred under 60% (34.7÷53.4), TLCOpred under 80% (62.6÷79.9), etc. Conclusions: No pathologic changes were observed in the external breathing and physical capacity of the majority of the children studied, although in the more susceptible ones low degree air pollution caused reduction in some indices. The study of external breathing and physical capacity are adequate methods for health assessment of the influence of low degree pollution.